Hiv and aids - class-VIII
Description: hiv and aids | |
Number of Questions: 88 | |
Created by: Vaibhav Pathak | |
Tags: human health and diseases important and common human diseases biology world of microbes health and disease living world and classification of microbes zoology human health and disease human physiology infectious diseases immune system keeping diseases away blood circulation |
Choose the correct answer among the alternatives given :
The sexually transmitted disease, that can affect both the male and the female genitals and may damage the eyes of babies born of infected mothers is
-
AIDS
-
Syphilis
-
Gonorrhoea
-
Hepatitis
Gonorrhea is caused by a Diplococcus bacterium. The victim feels a burning sensation during urination. The incubation period is around 25 days.
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS?
-
Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection
-
AIDS patients are being fully cured $100\%$ with proper care and nutrition
-
The causative HIV retrovirus reduces the number of T-helper lymphocytes
-
HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person
Choose the correct statement/s.
I. A person suffering from AIDS may die from any disease.
II. When a person suffers from AIDS, then his/her immune system becomes stronger.
-
Only I
-
Only II
-
Both are correct
-
Both are incorrect
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by HIV in which a person's immunity is badly damaged such that any disease may effect his or her health adversely resulting in appreciable effect on the overall life expectancy of that person.
Which of the following diseases spreads through infected needles or blood transfusion?
-
Jaundice
-
AIDS
-
Measles
-
Polio
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is an infection which is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The causative agent of the disease is a virus and so the disease can spread from one person to the other by sexual contact. The disease alsoe spreads through the use of teh infected needles, syringes and blood transfusion from the infected person.
The most mutable virus is
-
Chicken Pox Virus
-
$HIV$
-
Influenza Virus
-
Dengue Virus
AIDS does not spread through
-
Common syringes and needles
-
Blood transfusion
-
Sexual contact
-
Sharing meals
- HIV is spread only in certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. These fluids are blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. In the United States, HIV is spread mainly by having sex or sharing injection drug equipment, such as needles, with someone who has HIV.
- HIV doesn't spread by hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes, or closed-mouth or “social” kissing with someone who is HIV-positive.
AIDS day
-
1$^{st}$ May
-
5$^{st}$ December
-
31$^{st}$ June
-
1$^{st}$ December
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- World AIDS Day, designated on 1 December every year since 1988, is an international day dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection and mourning those who have died of the disease.
- So, the correct answer is '1st December'.
Which of the below given statements are true?
-
A person can contract AIDS due to unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person.
-
A person can contract AIDS while getting permanent tattooing with an infected needle.
-
A person cannot contract AIDS by donating blood to a HIV infected person
-
All the statements are true.
AIDS is a disorder of cell-mediated immune system of the body. AIDS is transmitted only by a contact of infected cells containing the blood of a patient with the blood of a healthy person as in :
Read the following statements regarding the HIV virus.
A. It is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome
B. It multiplies in helper $T$ cells and produces progeny virus.
C. In the macrophages of the host, RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA
D. Reverse transcriptase becomes inactive in the host cell.
How many of the above statements are correct?
-
One
-
Two
-
Four
-
Three
HIV is an enveloped retrovirus. Each virus particle contains two copies of an RNA genome. Hence HIV is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome.
Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative HIV?
-
HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
-
HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
-
HIV is envelope virus that contains two identical molecules of single stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
-
HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
Which of the following is not the mode of spread of AIDS?
-
Contaminated blood transfusion
-
Vertical transmission
-
Contaminated water and food
-
Both (b) and (c)
Only one of the following four ways through which AIDS can spread
-
Infected needles and syringes
-
Through mosquito bites
-
Looking after AIDS patient
-
Shaking hands, coughing, sneezing, hugging
AIDS is confirmed by:-
-
ELISA
-
Wester
-
Ames test
-
North
HIV decreases natural immunity of the body by destroying
-
Erythrocytes
-
Antibodies
-
T-Lymphocytes
-
B-Lymphocytes
AIDS is not a disease that can be .......... through the air or by insects.
-
Circulated
-
Transferred
-
Transmitted
-
Conducted
Movement through a circuit is called as circulation. This term is generally used for fluid. Transfer is an act of moving of a thing from one place to another place. Conduction is conveying something though a passage or a medium.
The act of moving something through a medium such as air, water insects etc., is called as transmission. This term is generally used for disease transmission. Therefore, option C is correct.
In AIDS, which kind of tumour is common?
-
Lymphoma
-
Sarcoma
-
Adenocarcinoma
-
Carcinoma
Since, HIV causes AIDS. It affects the T-lymphocytes in the body and thus, cancer of lyphmatic system is more likely to occur in AIDS.
In context of AIDS, which of the following statement is wrong?
-
It is a viral disease.
-
It is sexually transmitted disease.
-
It can be transmitted through blood transfusion.
-
It can be transmitted by shakehand and sharing food.
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV is transmitted primarily sexually, contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles and from mother to child during pregnancy, breast-feeding.However, AIDS does not spread by mere hand-shake or sharing food.Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'It can be transmitted by shakehand and sharing food'.
If the 30 pregnant female A.I.D.S. patient are admitted in female ward in the hospital. Find out the probable number of neonates (Children) having the H.I.V. from these pregnant females.
-
30 children
-
20 children
-
10 children
-
3 children
if any pregnant female has AIDS and then without treatment, 1/3rd of children has the chance of getting HIV. That means, if 30 pregnant females AIDS patients are admitted to the hospital, therefore 10 children has the probability of having AIDS. However, this risk can be reduced to about one in 20 if females take the drug called zidovudine. Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Which one of the following is spread through sexual contact ?
-
tuberculosis
-
tetanus
-
malaria
-
AIDS.
AIDS is an infectious disease that spreads through sexual contact. It also spreads through blood transfusion, use of common needles and syringes or from infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or breast feeding.
Consider the following statements.
AIDS is transmitted
1. By sexual intercourse.
2. By blood transfusion.
3. By mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects.
4. Across placenta.
-
1, 2 and 3 are correct
-
1, 2 and 4 are correct
-
1, 3 and 4 are correct
-
All of the above
Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a human retrovirus that infects lymphocytes and causes AIDS. It spreads through body fluid by sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and through the placenta. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
AIDS spreads through
-
Blood transfusion
-
Placental tissue
-
Sexual intercourse
-
All of the above
AIDS virus cannot be transmitted by
-
Sharing needles and syringes
-
Hugs and hands shakes
-
Sexual contact
-
Blood tranfusion
Which of the following causes AIDS?
-
Sharing needles of the syringe
-
Blood transfusion from infected person to healthy person
-
Breast feeding to child
-
All of the above
AIDS is caused by the HIV virus when transferred body fluid from the infected person to the non-infected or healthy ones while sharing infected syringes or blood transfusion or breastfeeding from an infected person to a healthy one, sexual contact etc. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Which of these diseases are transmitted through body fluids ?
-
AIDS and hepatitis-B
-
Malaria and typhoid
-
Influenza and cholera
-
Cholera and rabies
AIDS and hepatitis-B are sexually transmitted diseases that are spread by contact with infected body fluids which include blood, semen, vaginal fluid or other body fluids through the mucous. Thus the correct answer is option A.
HIV infection can be detected through
-
Electron microscopy
-
Endoscopy
-
ELISA test
-
Litnotrophy
AIDS virus contains or Human immuno deficiency (HIV) virus has protein coat and genetic material which is
-
Single stranded RNA with protein
-
Double stranded RNA
-
Single stranded DNA with protein
-
Double stranded DNA
HIV virus is a retrovirus which contains single stranded RNA surrounded by protein coat (core shell) as genetic material. It causes AIDS.
HIV causes reduction of
-
T-helper cells only
-
All T-cells
-
B-cells only
-
Both B and T-cells
The T helper cells are a type of T-cell that plays an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. They help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines. When the HIV infects the man it enters into the T-helper cells for replication and they utilize energy from T- help cells. By the viral replication, T-helper cells get damaged and gradually reduced their numbers.
At which stage, of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?
-
Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person
-
When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
-
When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
-
When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and starts to reduce the number of T$ _H$ cells by destroying them.
There are three stages in the development of AIDS.
The second stage is 'chronic HIV infection' where HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels.
The last and final stage of HIV infection is AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when a person with HIV has a T lymphocytes count of less than 200 cells/cubic mm and/or one or more opportunistic infections. HIV uses the machinery of these T lymhocytes for replication and destroys them rapidly. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
People who are at high risk for HIV infection are
-
Individuals who have multiple sexual partners
-
Drug addicts who take drugs intravenously
-
Individuals who require repeated blood transfusions
-
All of the above
HIV spreads mainly by having sex or sharing injection drug equipment such as needles with someone who has HIV. Also, certain fluid like blood from an HIV-infected person can transmit HIV. So, the person who has multiple sex partners or who takes drugs intravenously (through needles, injections) and who require repeated blood transfusions are at high risk of HIV.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Choose the wrong statement.
-
HIV virus has RNA as its genetic material.
-
HIV virus replicates in TH lymphocytes.
-
Anti-retroviral drugs are only partially effective for AIDS treatment.
-
HIV spreads by sexual contact or sharing needle with the infected person and not by mere touch of physical contact.
-
The time-lag between the infection and appearance of AIDS symptom may vary from few hours to a week.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the RNA-containing virus belong to the retrovirus. It targets the immune system especially TH cells, where they replicate. As the virus destroys and impairs the function of immune cells, infected individuals gradually become immunodeficient. It is transmitted from infected to healthy man through body fluid by sexual contact or sharing a needle with an infected person. The symptoms of HIV vary depending on the stage of infection. Though people living with HIV tend to be most infectious in the first few months, many are unaware of their status until later stages. The first few weeks after initial infection, individuals may experience no symptoms or an influenza-like illness including fever, headache, rash or a sore throat. It can be treated by using the anti-retroviral drug which is partially effective. Hence, the correct answer is option E.
$HIV$ causes immunodeficiency in
-
Multiplicative state
-
Single strand $DNA$ state
-
$RNA$ state
-
Provirus state
Which one of the following does not follow the central dogma of molecular biology
-
HIV
-
Pea
-
Mucor
-
Chlamydomonas
Which one of the following does not follow central dogma of molecular biology
-
Mucor
-
Chlamydomonas
-
HIV
-
Pea
AIDS virus found in India is
-
HIV-1
-
HIV-2
-
HIV-3
-
HIV-4
- 'AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- The first AIDS cases in the world were reported in the United States in June 1981.
- In India, in the year 1986, the first known case of HIV was diagnosed by Dr Suniti Solomon and her student Dr Sellappan Nirmala amongst female sex workers in Chennai, The virus found was HIV-1.
- Hence AIDS virus found in India is HIV-1.
- So, the correct answer is 'HIV-1'
AIDS is transmitted through
-
Hand shake
-
Courtship
-
Blood transfusion
-
All of the above
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- AIDS spreads due to Homosexuality, immoral way of life, infected blood, needles and syringes, and blood transfusions from the person infected with HIV.
- Hence AIDS is transmitted through blood transfusion.
- So, the correct answer is 'Blood transfusion'.
HIV has a protein coat and a genetic material which is
-
ss DNA
-
ds DNA
-
ss RNA
-
ds RNA
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
- HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)belongs to the special class of viruses called retrovirus.with in this class HIV is placed in a subgroup called lentivirus.
- HIV consists of a viral envelope.with in the viral envelope 2 identical copies of single-stranded RNA are a present and reverse transcriptase enzyme. Hence HIV has a protein coat and a genetic material which is ss RNA.
- So, the correct answer is 'ss RNA'.
A disease transferred from mother to child through placenta is
-
German measles
-
Syphilis
-
AIDS
-
All of the above
Rubella, also known as German measles is an infection caused by the rubella virus. Rubella can cross the placenta from an infected pregnant woman to her developing embryo or fetus after the first week of incubation.
-
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Congenital syphilis, which is passed from mother to child during fetal development or at birth. Nearly one-half of all children infected with syphilis while they are in the womb die shortly before or after birth.
-
Acquired immunodeficiency virus is a serious infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During pregnancy, the foetus is infected by HIV crossing the placenta. During childbirth, the baby is infected by HIV in the mother's cervical secretions or blood.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
AIDS does not spread
-
By sexual intercoure
-
By hand shake
-
Through blood
-
From mother to baby
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- AIDS spreads due to homosexuality, immoral way of life, infected blood, needles and syringes.
- AIDS does not spread from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks). Hence AIDS does not spread by the handshake.
- So, the correct answer is 'By handshake'.
HIV decreases natural immunity by
-
Attacking B-lymphocytes
-
Destroying antibodies
-
Attacking T-lymphocytes
-
Destroying erythrocytes
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
- T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
- HIV destroys (CD4+ cells) T-helper cells. They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur. Hence AIDS is due to a reduction in the number of helper T-cells. Hence HIV decreases natural immunity by attacking T-lymphocytes.
- So, the correct answer is 'Attacking T- lymphocytes'.
AIDS is caused by HIV that principally infects
-
All lymphocytes
-
Activator B-cells
-
Cytotoxic T-cells
-
T-4 helper lymphocytes
- AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
- HIV destroys(CD4+ cells) T-helper lymphocytes cells.They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur.
- Hence HIV attacks T-helper cells. Hence AIDS is caused by HIV that principally infects T-4 helper lymphocytes.
- So, the correct answer is 'T -4 helper lymphocytes'.
After entering T-cell, HIV first forms
-
m RNA
-
ss DNA
-
ds DNA
-
ds RNA
Solution:
AIDS does not spreads through
-
Using a syringe used by an AIDS patient
-
Through contact with clothes of an AIDS patient
-
Through mother with AIDS to the foetus during pregnancy
-
Through the breast feeding by AIDS suffering mother to a child
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
- AIDS does not spread from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks).
- Hence AIDS does not spreads through contact with clothes of an AIDS patient.
- So,the correct answer is 'Through contact with clothes of an AIDS patient'.
At which stage of HIV infection does the patient shows symptoms of AIDS
-
HIV replicates repidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages a large number of them
-
within 15 days o sexual contact with an infected person
-
When an infecting retrovirus enters host cells
-
When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus
- T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
- HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes(CD 4) and damages a large number of them. They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur.
- So, the correct answer is 'HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages a large number of them'.
which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative HIV
-
HIV does not escape but attacks the acquire immunity response
-
HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
-
HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse trancriptase
-
HIV is uneneveloped retrovirus
- Vaccines typically work by triggering the immune system to produce antibodies that help to beat infections.
- But most antibodies can't secure and neutralize HIV.
- The proteins on the surface of the virus mutate rapidly and change shape continuously.
- Hence, HIV does not escape but attacks the acquire immunity response is correct regarding AIDS causative HIV.
- So, the correct answer is 'HIV does not escape but attacks the acquire immunity response'.
Which one of the following belongs to retrovirus group?
-
Dengue virus
-
Hepetitis virus
-
Influenza virus
-
HIV
- A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
- Such viruses are either single-stranded RNA (e.g. HIV) or double-stranded DNA (e.g. Hepatitis B virus) viruses.
- In most viruses, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then RNA is translated into protein.
- However, retroviruses function differently, as their RNA is reverse-transcribed into DNA, which is integrated into the host cell's genome (when it becomes a provirus), and then undergoes the usual transcription and translational processes to express the genes carried by the virus. Hence, HIV belongs to the retrovirus group.
AIDS cannot be transmitted by
-
Sexual contact
-
Hugs
-
Breast feeding
-
Blood transfusion
AIDS is a viral disease transmitted through certain body fluids such as semen, saliva, blood, the breast milk of an AIDS infected person by sexual contact, breastfeeding from HIV-infected mother can transmit AIDS to the baby and by blood transfusion. During hug, no body fluid is entered into the body from one person to another. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following diseases spread through infected needles or by blood transfusion?
-
Measles
-
Mumps
-
AIDS
-
Kalazar
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is an infection which is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The causative agent of the disease is a virus and so the disease can spread from one person to the other by sexual contact. The disease also spreads through the use of the infected needles, syringes and blood transfusion from the infected person.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS by
-
depleting $CD _{4}^{+}$ T-helper lymphocytes
-
increasing $CD _{4}^{+}$ T-helper lymphocytes
-
depleting $CD _{4}^{+}$ T- helper erythrocytes
-
increasing $CD _{4}^{+}$ T- helper erythrocytes
HIV causes AIDS by destroying or depleting the number of CD4+ cells or they may functionally impair the cells. This reduces the ability of the immune system to fight against diseases. So, the correct option is 'depleting CD+4 T-helper lymphocytes'.
HIV selectively targets.
-
B - memory cells
-
B - effector cells
-
T - cytotoxic cells
-
T - helper cells
HIV multiplies in macrophages and then new viruses targets T - helper cells which makes the infected person immuno - deficient . So the correct option is "T- helper cells"
Which of the following cells are infected in case of HIV infection?
-
$T _H$-cells
-
Macrophages
-
$CD^+ _4$ cells
-
All of the above
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus. When a person is infected by the HIV, it causes HIV infection. It affects the immune system of the body. It infects cells of the human immune system, such as helper T (T$ _H$) cells (CD$ _{4+}$ T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. Due to this, it is difficult for the body to fight off other infections.
Consider the following statements and select the option which correctly identifies true(T) and false(F).
AIDS virus kills WBC and reduces immunity of the body.
-
True
-
False
AIDS virus destroys the immune system by attacking white blood cells called CD4 cells. HIV gets inside the CD4 cells and make copies of itself and then kills the CD4 cell. The new HIV copies find other CD4 cells to attack them. Thus, it destroys the immune cells, therefore reduces immunity.
Identify the incorrect statement about the HIV virus.
-
The viral nucleotides contain ribose.
-
HIV contains uracil, not thymine.
-
HIV infection begins with the entrance of the virus into the host when the gp 120 and gp 41 function to pull the virus across the plasma membrane.
-
HIV makes the host cell produce reverse transcriptase.
-
Immunization against HIV has proven difficult because the virus mutates so rapidly.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) has a viral envelope, matrix proteins and core. The viral core consists of two single strands of RNA for its genome. The RNA genome consists of ribonucleotides (ribose + nitrogenous bases + phosphate) wherein thymine is replaced by uracil. The quick mutation rate of RNA genome makes it difficult to have a vaccine against it. The viral coat has trimeric glycoprotein gp120 which contacts CD4 terminal domain of the T4 cell. This contact leads to activation of gp120 followed by contact with chemokines receptor CCR5, a multipass membrane protein. The result is activated gp41 which in turn cleaves gp120. The terminal domain of gp41 interacts with the target cell and fuses with the T cell membrane to facilitate entry of virus with capsid into the cell. RNA retroviruses have reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes a DNA copy (cDNA) of viral RNA. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The HIV virus compromises the immune system mainly by infecting:
-
Cytotoxic 1-cells
-
Helper T-cells
-
Suppressor T-cells
-
Plasma cells
HIV attacks and kills immune systems cells known as Helper T cells. Without Helper T cells many other immune system cells cannot work properly, including B cells that make antibodies
HIV infects all of the following except
-
Monocytes
-
T-cells
-
Macrophages
-
B-cells
HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. It damages the immune system and infects macrophages, T- cells etc.
The human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) is a living entity because it can
-
Undergoes reproduction in the host cell
-
Disturb host cell respiration
-
Excrete in human serum
-
Move from one cell to another
At which stage of HIV infection does on usually show symptoms of AIDS?
-
When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
-
When vital DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
-
When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damage large number of these
-
Within $15$ days of sexual contact with an infected person
AIDS is caused by
-
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-
Human immuno deficiency virus
-
Rubella virus
-
Varicella virus
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a virus causing diphtheria.
Rubella virus causes measles.
Varicella virus causes chickenpox.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection is a disease of human immune system, which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is transmitted through sexual contact, breastfeeding and blood transfusion.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
AIDS days is on?
-
$1$st November
-
$10$ December
-
$1$st December
-
$4$th June
- World AIDS Day, designated on 1 December every year since 1988.
-
It is dedicated to raise awareness, educate and improve the understanding of HIV as a global public health problem.
In India, AIDS was reported in
-
1932
-
1986
-
1990
-
1992
The first AIDS case in India was detected in Solomon, a professor of microbiology in Government general hospital in Chennai in 1986 and since then HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
World AIDS Day is celebrated on
-
1 December
-
29 December
-
3 October
-
22 March
1 December is World AIDS Day, 29 December is Biological Diversity Day, 3 October is World Animal Day and 22 March is World Water Day.
AIDS can be transmitted through
-
Blood transfusion
-
Hand shake
-
Courtship
-
All of the above
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the causative agent of AIDS. HIV is spread from an infected person to another person through direct contact with some of the body’s fluids like mother milk, blood, lymph and semen through sexual intercourse or by sharing the drug equipment like needles or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding or via blood transfusion.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Who discovered ''reverse transcription''?
-
Watson and Crick
-
Beadle and Tatum
-
Temin and Baltimore
-
Khorana
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to produced complementary strand of RNA, called as cDNA. This process occurs in RNA viruses. It was discovered by Howard Temin at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in RSV virions and independently isolated by David Baltimore in 1970 at MIT from RNA tumour viruses such as R-MLV and RSV. In 1975 Nobel Prize was awarded in Physiology or Medicine to both of them along with Renato Dulbecco.
Number of AIDS patients believed to be present in India is currently
-
20,000
-
2,00,000
-
20,00,000
-
3,000,000
AIDS was first reported in U.S.A in
-
1981
-
1971
-
1984
-
1986
- AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- The first AIDS cases were reported in the United States in June 1981.
- Hence AIDS was first reported in U.S.A in 1981.
- So, the correct answer is '1981'.
AIDS is a
-
Contagious
-
Infectious
-
Non-contagious
-
Both B and C
- AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- As HIV is liable to be transmitted to people, organisms, etc. through the environment. Hence it is an infectious disease.
- AIDS does not spread from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks). Hence it is a non-contagious
- Hence AIDS Is infectious and non -contagious disease..
- So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Approximate number of AIDs patients worldwide is
-
2 million
-
36.9 million
-
200 million
-
300 million
- AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- The first AIDS cases were reported in the United States in June 1981.
- Approximate number of AIDs patients worldwide is 36.9 million. Of these, 1.8 million were children (<15 years old). An estimated 1.8 million individuals worldwide became newly infected with HIV in 2017 – about 5,000 new infections per day
- So, the correct answer is '36.9 million'.
AIDS virus enter the human body through
-
Food
-
Kissing
-
Water
-
Blood
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- AIDS does not spread from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection or kissing), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object or food), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks).
- AIDS virus(HIV) enters the human body through blood when wrongly transfused from an AIDS infected patient or usage of needles and syringes of the AIDS infected person.
- So, the correct answer is 'Blood'.
Choose the wrong statement.
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Time lag between infection and appearance of AIDS is a few hours to a week.
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The genetic material of HIV is RNA.
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HIV replicates in T$ _4$ lymphocytes.
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ARV drugs are only partially effective in AIDS treatment.
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HIV spreads through sexual contact and sharing a needle and not by a mere touch or physical contact.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a serious immune disorder caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is different in structure from other retroviruses. It is composed of two copies of positive-sense single-stranded RNA. HIV replicates in T4 cells. AIDS is a sexually transmitted infection and transmitted through sexual contact and sharing infected needles. It is not spread by mere touch or physical contact. There is currently no cure or effective HIV vaccine. Treatment consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy which slows progression of the disease. HIV usually causes flu-like symptoms about two to four weeks after transmission. This short period of time is called acute infection.
Which of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS ?
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Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection.
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AIDS patients are being fully cured cent percent with proper care and nutrition.
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The causative HIV retroviruses enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their number.
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HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person.
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
- T-helper cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
- HIV destroys(CD4+ cells) T-helper lymphocyte cells and reducing their number. They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur.
- Hence HIV attacks T-helper cells.
- So, the correct answer is 'The causative HIV retroviruses enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their number.'.
AIDS virus has
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Single strand DNA
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Double strand DNA
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Single strand RNA
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Double strand RNA
- AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)belongs to the special class of viruses called retrovirus.with in this class HIV is placed in a subgroup called lentivirus.
- HIV consists of a viral envelope.with in the viral envelope 2 identical copies of single-stranded RNA are a present and reverse transcriptase enzyme.
- Hence AIDS virus has single-stranded RNA.
- So, the correct answer is 'Single-stranded RNA'.
Choose the wrong statement regarding AIDS
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It is an immunodeficiency diease
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It is an caused by retrovirus HIV
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HIV selectively infects and kills B-lymphocytes
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Genome RNA replicates via DNA intermediate
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Viral RNA genome is converted into copy DNA by reserve transcriptasea
- AIDS(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus(retrovirus). It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
- HIV destroys(CD4+ cells) T-helper cells.They're responsible for keeping you healthy from common diseases and infections. As HIV gradually weakens your natural defences, signs and symptoms will occur. Hence HIV selectively infects and kills T-lymphocytes.
- So, the correct answer is 'Option C'.
At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS
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When infective retro-virus enters in host cells.
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When HIV damages large number of helper T-lymphocytes.
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When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcription.
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Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
After entering into the body of a person, HIV enters into macrophages, where RNA genome of the virus replicates to produce viral DNA with the help of enzyme reverse transcriptase which gets incorporated into host cell's DNA and directs the cells to produce virus particles. Macrophages continue to produce viruses. Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T- lymphocytes, replicates and produce more viruses which are released in blood and they attack other lymphocytes causing repeated decrease in T- lymphocytes. Due to this person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome. So the correct option is "when HIV damages large number of helper T- lymphocytes"
In AIDS patient, a reduction of 10% weight indicates
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ARC
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Acute infections stage
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Symptomatic stage
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Nonsymptomatic stage
AIDS-related complex (ARC) is a phase of HIV infection described clinically but no longer commonly diagnosed in practice. ARC lacks only the opportunistic infections and neoplasms which define AIDS. ARC patients usually show symptoms of fatigue, weight loss upto 10%, night sweats, along with superficial fungal infections of the mouth and fingernails and toenails.
Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV?
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HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
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HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
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HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
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HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus). HIV is a member of a group of the retrovirus. Retrovirus has envelope enclosing the RNA genome. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase.
Which of the following is an example of acquired disease:
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Albinism
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AIDS
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Cat Eye syndrome
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Down syndrome
Explanation: An acquired disorder is a medical condition which develops post-fetally; in contrast with a congenital disorder, which is present at birth. A congenital disorder may be antecedent to an acquired disorder.
AIDS related complex or ARC is
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Initial form of AIDS
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Not linked to AIDS
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Severe form of AIDS
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Non of the above
AIDS-related complex or ARC is the initial phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it includes symptoms such as low-grade fever, weight loss, diarrhea, bacterial/fungal infections etc. Whereas AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the advanced form of HIV infection.
So, the correct answer is 'Initial form of AIDS'.
Among the following, most dangerous STD is caused by
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Treponema pallidum
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Human immunodeficiency virus
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Hepatitis B virus
STD are sexually transmitted diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. Treponema pallidum is a bacterium that causes syphilis disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a bacterium that causes Gonorrhea disease. Hepatitis B virus causes hepatitis disease. Out of these diseases, Syphilis is very difficult to diagnose. Hence, this makes it the most dangerous STD.
Match the columns
i) Yeast | a) Causing AIDS |
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ii) Virus | b) Baking of bread |
iii) Rhizobium | c) Fixing nitrogen |
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I- c, II- b, III- a
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I- a, II- b, III- c
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I- b, II- a, III- c
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I- b, II- c, III- a
- Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the scientific name for baker's yeast.
- Virus - HIV or Human immunodeficiency virus is the virus which causes AIDS
- Rhizobium - These are the bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes.
Gonorrhoea is caused by
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Bacteria
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Virus
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Fungi
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Protozoa
The sexually transmitted diseases also called venereal diseases, are spread by sexual intercourse with an infected person. The major venereal diseases are syphilis and gonorrhea. Gonorrhoea is caused by a diplococcus bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The victim feels burning sensation and pain during urination. Thus option A is the correct answer.
Organ that can be affected by untreated syphilis is
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Heart
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Brain
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Liver
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Both A and B
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, that is caused by a parasite. Untreated Syphilis or tertiary syphilis can affect both heart & brain. Its symptoms vary depending on the organ system affected.
Which of the following is STD?
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Cancer
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Malaria
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Pneumonia
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Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium sp and pneumonia by Diplococcus pneumonia.
A sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria is
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Leprosy
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AIDS
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Syphilis
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Pertussis
Syphilis is a type of sexually transmitted disease , which is caused by a bacteria . It starts as painless sores . It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum . So the correct option is 'syphilis' .
Which of the following STDs are not completely curable?
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Chlamydiasis, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis
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Chancroid, syphilis, genital warts
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AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B
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AIDS, genital herpes, hepatitis B
AIDS, genital herpes and hepatitis B are not completely curable STDs. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Genital herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus and hepatitis B is caused by Hepatitis B Virus.
Confirmatory test for STDs is
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ELISA
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PCR
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DNA hybridisation
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all of these
Confirmatory tests for STDs are culture and microscopic observation with specific staining, detection of specific antigen/antibody using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), DNA hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
It is normally a rare cancer but became a marker of AIDS/ HIV patients.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Retinoblastoma
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Lukaemia
- Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer occurs due to an uncontrolled division of squamous epithelium.
- Retinoblast is cancer caused due to a rapid division of immature cells of the retina.
- It is the type of rare cancer that forms masses over several organs like skin, lymph nodes and other parts of the body and skin lesions are found to be purple in color. Since poor immunity and chronic lymphedema are basic causes so it can be considered the marker of HIV/AIDS as it weakens the immune system. In the lesions, the herpes virus is mostly identified.
- Leukemia is cancer caused by the division of damaged WBC.
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
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A person may contact syphilis by sharing milk with one already suffering from the disease.
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Haemophilia is one of the STDs.
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Genital herpes and sickle-cell anaemia are both STDs.
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The chances of a 5-years boy contracting a STD are very rare.
Syphilis is caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which is transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected person. Haemophilia is an X-linked genetic disorder of blood, It is not transmitted via any sexual practice. Genital herpes is an STD while sickle-cell anaemia is an autosomal hereditary disorder. The chances of a 5 years old boy contacting an STD are very rare since he is unlikely to have sex at this age. So, the correct answer is 'The chances of a 5-years boy contracting a STD are very rare'.
The smear of herpes virus is stained blue with
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1% methylene blue
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1% alcian blue
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1% toluidine blue
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1% coomassie blue
- Fluid or tissue scrap taken from the lesions and sores that appear in early stages of disease are used to diagnose if the patient is infected with viral infection or not.
- The stains used are such that it may stain the acidic genetic material present in the rapidly dividing cells of the virus or bacteria
- Since the fluid that is taken from the early lesions that appear on the skin in the early stage of the disease have syncytial condition ie more amount of genetic material is present therefore the staining will take place properly.
- 1% toluidine blue is basic dye that will stain the nucleic acid blue.
- Methylene blue is used to observe microscopic life under the microscope. It usually stains the outer wall or membrane of the organism.
- Alcian blue is used to stain acidic polysaccharide in muscles and tissue in histological studies.
- Coomassie blue is used for studying proteins as it stains the protein band blue color so that it can be observed as blue bands with a clear background as it does not stain any other thing in cell.
- Therefore the option C is correct as toluidine is the only dye her which will stain the acidic genetic material in the dividing cells of the virus.
- So, the correct answer is '1% toluidine blue'
To avoid transmission of STDs we should
(i) Avoid sex with multiple partners
(ii) Always have unprotected sex
(iii) Use condoms during coitus
(iv) Avoid sex with unknown partners
(v) Avoid sharing of needles
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(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)
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(i), (iii), (iv) and (v)
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(i), (ii) and (iii)
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(i), (ii) and (iv)
STD's are the sexually transmitted disease that can be transferred from one organism to another by the exchange of body fluids.