The Truman Doctrine, 1947. With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

Axis power were made by Italy, Germany and Japan. Italy and Germany wanted to be most powerful country in Europe and Japan wanted to become most powerful country in Asia so to achieve their goal these three countries came together and signed Rome - Berlin - Tokyo axis.

Yalta treaty took place among the heads of America (Roosevelt), Russia (Stalin) and Great Britain (Churchill) in Feb. 1945. According to this peace treaty, open elections in Poland were accepted. But Stalin broke the conditions and got power over Poland. 

As a reply to America's NATO Treaty Russia founded Warsa Treaty, organization of communist countries. To give the befitting reply to capitalist countries was the main objective of the Warsaw Treaty.

• In 1979, Soviet tanks poured over the border into Afghanistan. Within two days, the Soviet commandos had seized the radio and television stations and stormed the presidential palace, killing the president and his sons.
• The Soviets also took over government offices in the capital city, Kabul.

• The US  and its opponent, the Soviet Union were armed with enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth seventeen times over.
• In 1962 and 1983, the two sides came very close to nuclear war.

• In 1975, the US, Soviet Union and other countries signed the Helsinki Agreement.
• A part of the agreement said that all the governments who signed it would respect human rights.

• During the 1960s and 1970s, the US and Soviet Union had so many nuclear weapons between them, neither side would dare to risk a direct war with each other.
• This was called MAD- mutually assured destruction.

• In 1973, the US agreed to withdraw its troops from South Vietnam and signed a treaty with the Soviet Union called SALT I, limiting the number of nuclear weapons for the first time.

• The Soviets mistrusted the US president and introduced SS-20 missiles into Eastern Europe. It was directed towards Western Europe.
• In response, the US sited 464 new cruise missiles in Western Europe.

• In 1981, 70 year old Ronald Reagan became the oldest ever President of the United States.
• He claimed that America had lost faith in itself and it was time to recapture the lost pride and faith of the nation.

• The US president poured millions of dollars into researching his Strategic Defence Initiative which was nicknamed Star Wars.
• According to the initiative, lasers would shoot down any incoming Soviet missile over North America.

• Within two weeks of Ronald Reagan taking office, defence spending rose by over $30 billion. It increased by 50 percent during his first term as the President.
• He wanted to show the Soviets that they could not outspend the US. He said 'As far as an arms race is concerned, there's one going on right now, but there's only one side racing'.

Jerusalem is the capital city of Israel as per the government of Israel. But most of the world nations is yet to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital.

The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945 . it stood for all except the reorganization of the Soviet government

The Cold War ended primarily because Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced new policies.

The phrase "iron curtain," coined in 1947, refers to the:borderline between nations under Soviet communist influence and the rest of the world.

Cold War- The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states, and the United States with its allies after World War II.

Making it possible for millions of veterans to attend college.

The Catcher in the Ryeby J. D. Salinger.

McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. The term refers to U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy  and has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting from the late 1940s through the 1950s.

The scriptwriters known as the "Hollywood Ten" were blacklisted by the movie industry because they refused to answer questions asked by the House Un-American Activities Committee.

The baby boom generation.

The spread of Communism was stopped by NATO primarily in Europe United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. As a component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, Vietnam, and Latin America.

The reaction by Western Europe to the Berlin blockade was the Berlin airlift.

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $100 billion in 2016 US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

The policy of containment grew out of a response to the Soviet Union's attempts to expand its influence in Eastern Europe after World War II. Containment relied on both military and economic strategies. This economic strategy was first implemented by Truman in 1947.

Brinkmanship is the practice of trying to achieve an advantageous outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink of active conflict. It occurs in international politics, foreign policy, labor relations, and military strategy involving the threat of nuclear weapons, and high-stakes litigation.

Truman wanted to dismantle Japan's nuclear facilities.

The Crucibleby Arthur Miller

Cold War ideas involved Europe except the domino theory.

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to rebuild European economies with a recovery program.

At the Yalta Conference of 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was most worried about the views expressed by Joseph Stalin on Eastern Europe.

Earl Warren.

After World War II, NATO was formed primarily to After World War II, NATO was formed primarily to.

Sputnik was significant for the United States because it represented an escalation of the space race with the Soviet Union.

Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the isolationist Senate was not the reason for war.

The North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 established  an alliance among the nations of western Europe and North America.

The Senate passed a censure motion against Senator Joseph McCarthy in the wake of hearings that implicated high-ranking members of the military.

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states (the Eastern Bloc), and the United States with its allies (the Western Bloc) after World War II.

• Domino theory, also called Domino Effect theory was U.S. foreign policy after World War II stating that the “fall” of a non-communist state to communism would precipitate the fall of non-communist governments in neighboring states.
  
• The theory was first proposed by President Harry S. Truman to justify sending military aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1940s, but it became popular in the 1950s when President Dwight D. Eisenhower applied it to Southeast Asia, especially South Vietnam.
  
• The domino theory was one of the main arguments used in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations during the 1960s to justify increasing American military involvement in the Vietnam War.

The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was Containment of communism.

The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven Eastern Bloc satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe.

Joseph Stalin on Eastern Europe.

The Berlin Airlift; the establishment of NATO; the Warsaw Pact; the Bay of Pigs invasion.

NATO was formed after World War II primarily to provide economic aid to war-torn nations in Europe.

The Atlantic charter was a statement issued jointly by US and Britain on 14th August 1941, for the period following the end of the second world war. 

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were American citizens who spied on the behalf of Soviet Union and passed important information on the radar, sonar and jet propulsion engines and were also accused of passing designs of Nuclear weapons which at that time were only produced by US.

The Berlin Wall was a symbol of Soviet control over Eastern Europe. The destruction of the wall symbolized the weakening of that control, as the Soviet Union began to break apart.

NATO (National Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance of 28 countries bordering the North Atlantic Ocean (including countries from Europe and America). It includes the United States, most European Union members, Canada, and Turkey. NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The United States contributes three-fourths of NATO's budget. It was set up in 1949 and claims to aim at building peace throughout the world especially controlling the aggressiveness arising out of the communist's block.

NATO treaty was founded on 4th April 1949.

America and its alliance came together by NATO treaty. America planned a scheme as a pat of defence against Russia. The representatives of 12 countries- America, Canada, England, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherland, Norway, Portugal, and Ireland came together in Washington.

After the death of Stalin in march 1953, Nikita Krushchev became the president of Russia.Conflict between Russia and America increased during this period. Russia had Nuclear Test in 1953.Therefore cold war between Russia and America worsened.

SEATO Treaty was founded on 8th September 1954. SEATO Treaty gave top priority to the principles of collective protection. The members nations increased their strength as SEATO's stand was of military force policy.

Communist republic was founded underthe leadership of Mao-Tse-Tung on 1st Oct 1949. Due to the reason of communist China, Russia became powerful. America strongly opposed permanent membership of communist china on security council of UNO which resulted bitter relationship between America and Russia.

America strongly opposed permanent membership of communist china on security council of UNO which resulted in bitter relationship between America and Russia. But in Oct 1971 China had been awarded permanent membership of Security Council.

America and its alliance came together by NATO treaty. America planned one scheme as apart of defence against Russia.NATO treaty was formulated on the basis of defence and economical policy.

America created SEATO Treaty to control communism and its spread in South Asia and Central East Asia as it wanted to stop the highly populated China from expanding communism and creating influence on Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization was found on 4th April 1949. America, Canada, England, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherland, Norway, Portugal and Ireland came together in Washington where they had exchange of thoughts and founded this treaty.

During the period 11th to 14th May, 1955 the eight nation's conference was held at the capital of Poland Warsaw. The countries Russia, Hungary, Czechoslavakia, Albania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Rumania and Poland participated.

n America Truman was replaced by Eisenhower as a president in 1953. At the same time conflicts between America and Russia increased. Russia had Nuclear Test in 1953 which worsened the cold war between these countries. Both the countries had a great space competition.

According to Eisenhower Theory, the American parliament has given important rights to American president. According to this theory, freedom of central east part should be protected to make the economical conditions strong, provide military help and co-operation.

The domino theory was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

Korean war-The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. As a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea had been split into two sovereign states in 1948.

The U.S. government allocated massive sums of money to math and science the 1950s in response to The Soviet satellite Sputnik successfully orbiting the earth.

The Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces “to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism.

The Soviet Union responded to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by forming the Warsaw Pact.

The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $100 billion in 2016 US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

The Cold War had grown out of post-World War II tensions between the two nations.  This rivalry was between the United States and the Soviet Union. It lasted for much of the second half of the 20th century. It heightened tensions and a series of international incidents that brought the world’s superpowers to the brink of disaster.

Following are some of the important events that occurred during the cold war:-

• Partitioning of Germany
  
• Division of Germany and Austria into four zones
• United States dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• Vietnam became an independent republic.
  
• Formation of West Germany
  
• Partition of Korea
  
• End of Soviet Union
  
• Indo- China war
  

The ECOSOC is mainly concerned with the management of the UN's social, economic, cultural and humanitarian activities.

US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issued a joint declaration known as the Atlantic Charter during World War II. This charter stated their aims and policies for post-war world and was supported by 26 Allied nations. The charter formed the basis of conception and creating of the United Nations.

United Nations central mission is the maintenance of international peace and security. Hence, the UN lays a special emphasis on resolving conflicts through peaceful methods.

Churchill and Stalin were never in favour of the UN.

The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs cote simultaneously but separately. In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies.

The Security Council has primary responsibility under the Charter for maintaining peace and security. It can be convened at any time, whenever peace is threatened. Member States are obligated to carry out its decisions. When a threat to peace is brought before the Council, it usually first asks the parties to reach agreement by peaceful means. If fighting breaks out, the Council tries to secure a ceasefire. It may then send peacekeeping missions to troubled areas or call for economic sanctions and embargoes to restore peace.

The United Nations was established in 1945 "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war" and one of its main purposes is to maintain international peace and security. The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.

• US President Truman formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in January 1949.
• It was set up to promote collective security during the Cold War.

• NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
• It is a Western organization which was set up in the year 1949 to promote collective security during the Cold War.
  

• The American leaders were suspicious of Stalin’s expansion plans. To deter the Soviet expansion, the US leaders formed the NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in 1949.
• In 1955, to rival NATO, Stalin and his Eastern European allies formed the Warsaw Pact.

• The Warsaw pact was introduced by Stalin to rival the NATO.
• It is an East European organization set up in 1955 to promote security during the Cold War.