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Forms of statements of profit and loss - class-XI

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Which of the following is correct?

  1. Operating profit = Operating profit - Non-operating expenses - Non-operating incomes

  2. Operating profit = Net profit + Non-operating expenses + Non-operating incomes

  3. Operating profit = Net profit + Non-operating expenses - Non-operating incomes

  4. Operating profit = Net profit - Non-operating expenses + Non-operating incomes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the operating activities of the firm. This has been calculated as:


Gross Profit - Operating expenses = Operating Profit 

Net Profit = Operating Profit - Non Operating Expenses + Non Operating Income.

Else,

Operating Profit = Net Profit + Non Operating Expense - Non Operating income

While calculating operating profit, the following are not taken into account:

  1. Normal transactions

  2. Direct expenses

  3. Expenses of purely financial nature

  4. Both (ii) and (iii)

  5. Both (i) and (iii)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operating profit is calculated by deducting the operating expenses from the operating income. Operating expenses are those which are directly related to the core business activity. 

Expense of purely financial nature are not taken in to account while calculating the operating profit. 

If the total of the credit side of the profit and loss account is more than the total of the debit side, the difference is the net profit.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Excess of credit over debit in profit and loss account is net profit generated by the business. This can be shown as follows:


                                                 Profit & Loss Account
Particulars                               Amount                Particulars                 Amount
To Rent                                    5000                 By Gross Profit             75000
To Rent                                   15000
To Insurance                           12000
To Stationery                            4000
To Other Expense                    4000
To Net Profit                            35000
                                              --------------                                                 --------------
                                                 75000                                                     75000
                                              --------------                                                 ---------------

The companies globalize their operations through defficient means ________________.

  1. Exporting directly

  2. Licensing / Franchising

  3. Joint venture

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Which of the following statements is true in case of Joint Venture?

  1. The Joint Venture can be formed by a single person only.

  2. A legal deed should be drafted before forming Joint Venture.

  3. The profit is shared between the venturers in agreed ratio.

  4. Joint Venture follows going concern concept.


Correct Option: C

___________ is the part of income statement, which is prepared to ascertain the profit/loss for a given accounting period.

  1. Manufacturing A/c

  2. Profit & Loss A/c

  3. Balance Sheet

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

The ___________ measure net profit/loss by matching revenues and expenses according to the accounting principles.

  1. Trading A/c

  2. Manufacturing Account

  3. Profit & Loss A/c

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The P&L statement reveals the company's realized profits or losses for the specified period of time by comparing total revenues to the company's total costs and expenses. Over time, it can show a company's ability to increase its profit, either by reducing costs and expenses, or by increasing sales.

While calculating operating profit, which of the following is not taken into account?

  1. Normal transactions

  2. Abnormal items

  3. Expenses of a purely financial nature

  4. Both a and c


Correct Option: B

While calculating operating profit, the incomes and expenses of purely financial nature are ________into account.

  1. taken

  2. not taken

  3. partially taken

  4. both a and c


Correct Option: B

_______ profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business.

  1. Net

  2. Gross

  3. Operating

  4. Super


Correct Option: C

Operating profit is the _______ of operating revenue over operating expenses.

  1. excess

  2. deficit

  3. both a and b

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

__________ is the gross inflow of economic benefits.

  1. Assets

  2. Liabilities

  3. Income

  4. Expenses


Correct Option: C

If the operating expenses exceed gross profit, the excess is referred to as ______________.

  1. Operating income

  2. Operating loss

  3. Non-operating expenses

  4. Non-operating income


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This can be represented as:


Sales                                                                     120000
Less: Cost of Goods Sold                                     80000
                                                                             --------------- 
Gross Profit                                                          40000
Less: Operating Expenses                                  60000
                                                                             ---------------
Operating Loss                                                   (20000)
                                                                           ----------------

_____________ = net profit + non operating expenses - non operating incomes.

  1. Operating Profit

  2. Gross profit

  3. Net profit

  4. Capital profit


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is defined as the profit earned by the business from its core business activity. There are certain item of non operating expense and non operating income which are adjusted from operating profit to find out the net profit of the business. 


For example, dividend received on investment is an example of non operating income and loss on sale of fixed asset is an example of non operating expenses. 

Hence, Operating Profit = Net profit + Non Operating Expenses - Non operating income.

Anju Pvt. Provides following information:
                               Rs.
          Fixed cost = 90,000
                 Sales = 3,00,000
                  Profit = 60,000
What is the margin of safety of the company?

  1. Rs.60,000

  2. Rs 1,20,000

  3. Rs. 1,60,000

  4. Rs. 2,40,000


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Margin of safety = $\frac{Profit}{P/VRatio}$
                          = $\frac{60,000}{50%}$
                          = $\frac{60,000\times100}{50}$
                          = Rs.1,20,000

P/V Ratio = $\frac{F+P}{S}\times100$
                = $\frac{90,000+60,000}{3,00,000}\times100$
                = 50%.

Sales - Cost of goods sold = ______________.

  1. Gross Profit

  2. Gross Loss

  3. Net Profit

  4. Net Loss


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Gross Profit is referred as the profit generated out of the core trading activity of the business. 

This can be calculated as: 

Sales - Cost of goods sold = Gross Profit

Cost of goods sold= Opening Stock + Purchases - Closing Stock 

Operating profit is __________ of operating revenue over operating expense.

  1. excess

  2. deficit

  3. balance

  4. none


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operative profit means the profit generated through normal business operations. Excess of operating revenue over operating expenses is called operating profit. 


This can be shown below: 

Sales                                        Rs.100000           
Less: Cost of Goods Sold      Rs.  75000
                                              --------------------
Gross Profit                             Rs. 25000
Less: Operating Expenses     Rs. 15000
                                               -------------------
Operating Profit                      Rs. 10000
                                               ------------------

Which of the following items are not considered while calculating operating profit?

  1. Finance expenses.

  2. Non-Operating expenses.

  3. Appropriations.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D

EBIT stands for ____________.

  1. Earning Before Interest and Tax

  2. Equity Before Interest and tax

  3. Earning Before Insurance and tax

  4. None


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earning before Interest and Tax is termed as "EBIT" in short. 


Earning before Interest and Tax means the situation where the interest paid and taxes are not considered while deducting the expenses from the income. 

Operating profit is the profit a business earns from the business through the _________.

  1. operations

  2. activities

  3. both

  4. none


Correct Option: A

Loss on sale of asset is ____________ while calculating operating profit from net profit.

  1. added

  2. ignored

  3. deducted

  4. none


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is calculated by deducting the operating expenses from the operating income. Operating expenses are those which are directly related to the core business activity. 

Loss on sale of asset is to be added while calculating operating profit from net profit. 

Operating Profit is also known as ____________.

  1. EBIT

  2. EAIT

  3. NPAT

  4. none


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is calculated by deducting the operating expenses from the operating income. Operating expenses are those which are directly related to the core business activity. 

Operating Profit is also known as EBIT (Earning before Interest & Tax)

__________ is non operating expense.

  1. Loss on sale of Asset

  2. Bad debts

  3. Carriage

  4. Royalty


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is calculated by deducting the operating expenses from the operating income. Operating expenses are those which are directly related to the core business activity. 

Loss on sale of asset is a non operating expenses. Hence it should not be considered while calculating the operating net profit. 

Interest and taxes are ___________ from operating profit to find out the net profit.

  1. added

  2. deducted

  3. no effect

  4. none


Correct Option: B

Select the most appropriate alternative from those given below:
Gross Profit or Gross Loss is transferred to _______ Account.

  1. Profit and Loss

  2. Trading

  3. Profit and Loss Appropriation

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Trading account is prepared to know the profit earned by the firm through the trading activity. Trading account is prepared by considering only direct expenses. Gross Profit depicts the direct profit earned by the firm through trading of goods.


Gross Profit or Gross Loss is transferred to profit & loss account. 

Excess of credit over debit in Profit and Loss A/c indicates ________.

  1. Net Profit

  2. Gross Profit

  3. Gross Loss

  4. Net Loss


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Profit and loss account is prepared to know the profitability of the firm. All the indirect expense are debited and indirect income are credited  to find out the net profit. 


Excess of credit (Income) over debit (Expense) indicates net profit of the firm. 

Select the most appropriate alternative from those given below:
Credit balance of Profit and Loss A/c indicates _______ .

  1. Gross Profit

  2. Gross Loss

  3. Net Profit

  4. Net Loss


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Net Profit is a profit which is generated by deducting all the indirect expenses from gross profit . Excess of  income over  expenditure in profit & loss account is called as net profit. 

                                                  Profit & Loss Account
Particulars                          Amount                      Particulars              Amount
To Salary                               10000                     By Gross Profit        70000
To Rent                                  35000                    
To Insurance                         10000 
To Indirect Expenses            10000
To Net profit                           5000
                                              -------------                                                 ----------------
                                              70000                                                     70000
                                            ---------------                                                ------------------

An account to which the balance in depreciation account is transferred is _____________ .

  1. Trading A/c

  2. Profit and Loss A/c

  3. Depreciation A/c

  4. Fixed assets A/c


Correct Option: B

Expenses which are incurred to operate the business smoothly and efficiently are known as ________.

  1. operating expenses

  2. manufacturing expenses

  3. trading expenses

  4. financial expenses


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An operating expenses incurred in carrying out an organisation's day-to-day activities, but not directly associated with production. These expenses incurred to operate business smoothly and efficiently. Operating expenses include such things as payroll, sales commissions, etc. 

______ is (are) an example of operating expenses.

  1. General administration expenses

  2. Selling and marketing expenses

  3. Financial charges

  4. All the three


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Operating expenses are those expenditure that a business incurs to engage in any activities not directly associated with the production of goods or services These expenditure are the same as selling, general and administration expenses.

______ is/are example(s) of non-operating income.

  1. Profit from sale of assets

  2. Dividend

  3. Refund of income-tax

  4. All the three


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Non-operating income, in accounting and finance, is gain or losses from sources not related to the typical activities of the business or organisation. Non-operating income can include gains or losses from investments, property or assets sales, dividend, currency exchange, refund of income-tax, and other a typical gains or losses.

Items of business operations does not include _________.

  1. interest earned

  2. raw material expenses

  3. sales return

  4. depreciation on plant and machinery


Correct Option: A

Net profit = Rs. 19,000
Non operating expenses = Rs. 500
Non operating incomes = Rs. 0
Using above information calculate Operating profit.

  1. RS. 19,500

  2. Rs. 19,000

  3. Rs. 18,500

  4. Rs. 18,000


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit = Net profit + Non operating expenses -  Non operating incomes
                          = Rs. 19,000 + Rs. 500 - Rs. 0
                          = Rs. 19,500.

Formula of Operating profit is equal to ___________.

  1. Net profit + Non operating expenses - Non operating incomes

  2. Net profit - Non operating expenses - Non opertaing incomes

  3. Net profit + Non operating expenses + Non operating incomes

  4. Net profit - Non operating expenses/ Non operating incomes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. Operating profit is calculated as:

Operating profit = Net profit + Non operating expenses - Non operating incomes.

Excess of gross profit over operating expenses is known as __________.

  1. operating profit

  2. gross profit

  3. net profit

  4. after tax profit


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. Excess of gross profit over operating expenses is known as operating profit. Formula for calculating operating profit is:
Operating profit = Net profit + Non operating expenses - Non operating incomes.

While calculating _______, the incomes and expenses of a purely financial nature are not taken into account.

  1. Net profit

  2. Operating profit

  3. Net loss

  4. Operating loss


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. While calculating operating profit, the incomes and expenses of purely financial nature are not taken into account. Thus, operating profit is profit before interest and tax (EBIT).

Opening balance of debtors is Rs. 18,000. 5% provision for bad debts is required to be provided on debtors. If the debtors balance is increased during the year by Rs. 5,000 and the provision for bad debt has a debit balance of Rs. 350 after transferring bad debts, the charge against the profit and loss account is ____________.

  1. Rs.1,950

  2. Rs. 1,500

  3. Rs. 650

  4. Rs. 550


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Opening balance of Debtors = Rs. 18000

The closing balance of debtors = Opening debtors + debtors during the year
= Rs. 18000 + 5000
= Rs. 23000
Now, we calculate the provision for bad debts on the Closing debtors.
Hence, Provision for bad debts = $Closing debtors \times \dfrac{Rate}{100}$
$23000 \times \dfrac{5}{100}$
= 1150
The provision for bad debts has a Credit balance and the balance has to be Rs. 1150.
But, as given in the question the Provision for bad debts is showing a debit balance of Rs. 350.
Thus, the amount to be debited to the profit and loss account = 1150 + 350
= Rs. 1500
Thus, the correct option is B.

Net result of the business operation is reflected in ___________.

  1. The profit earned or loss suffered during a particular period

  2. The financial position on the business concern

  3. Total value of the assets

  4. Sum total of the value of liabilities


Correct Option: A

Operating profit is the excess of operating expenses over operating revenues.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating is the profit through the normal operations and activities of the business. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. 

Sales - Purchase - Operating expenses is equal to __________.

  1. net profit

  2. gross profit

  3.  operating profit

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C

Read the following which is taken from an income statement.

Rs.
Opening stock $50,000$
Sales $1,60,000$
Freight incurred $10,000$
Sales returns $10,000$
Gross profit on sales  $60,000$
Net loss for the year  $10,000$
Purchases $1,00,000$
Purchases returns $9,000$

The value of closing stock will be:

  1. $Rs. 61,000$

  2. $Rs. 50,000$

  3. $Rs. 59,000$

  4. $Rs. 70,000$


Correct Option: A

The loss on sale of old motor car is debited to___________. 

  1. profit and loss account

  2. motor car account

  3. depreciation account

  4. cash account


Correct Option: A

The aim of preparing Profit and Loss Account is to find out__________.

  1. gross profit or gross loss

  2. net profit or net loss

  3. financial position of the business

  4. all of these


Correct Option: B

Operating profit stated as a subtotal on a companies income statement before all general and administrative expenses.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. However, while calculating operating profit expenses which are of financial nature are not taken into consideration. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. Operating profit stated as a subtotal on a companies income statement after all general and administrative expenses.

Operating profit represents the spending power of the company with regard to revenues generated from ongoing operations. 

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating profit represents the earning power of the company with regard to revenues generated from ongoing operations. Operating profit serves as an indicator to the business's potential profitability with all extraneous factor removed from the calculation.

Operating profit is also known as operating income, or earning before _______.

  1. investment and income

  2. income and taxes

  3. interest and taxes

  4. Investment and taxes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. However, while calculating operating profit expenses which are of financial nature are not taken into consideration. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses.

_______ is the income earned from the core operations of a business, excluding any financing or tax-related issues.

  1. Operating profit

  2. Operating loss

  3. Operating expenses

  4. Operating income


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earnings before interest and taxes is a measure of a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses except interest expenses and income tax expenses. This is known as operating profit. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. Operating profit is the income earned from the core operations of a business, excluding any financing or tax-related issues.

The concept of _______ is used to investigate the profit-making potential of a business, excluding all extraneous factors.

  1. operating loss

  2. operating profit

  3. operating expense

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. Operating profit is the income earned from the core operations of a business, excluding any financing or tax-related issues. The concept of operating profit is used to investigate the profit-making potential of a business, excluding all extraneous factors.

If operating income is negative, a business will likely require additional outside funding to remain in operation.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. However, while calculating operating profit expenses which are of financial nature are not taken into consideration. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. If operating income is negative, a business will likely require additional outside funding to remain in operation.

Operating profit is calculated as:
 Net profit + Non operating incomes - Non operating Expenses.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. Operating profit is the excess of operating revenue over operating expenses. Operating profit is calculated as:

Operating profit = Net profit + Non operating expenses - Non operating incomes.

Calculate operating profit:
operating revenue = Rs. 10,000,000; COGS = Rs. 4,000,000; general and administrative expenses = Rs. 3,000,000; interest expense= Rs. 4,000,000; and income taxes = 900,000.

  1. Rs. 2,500,000

  2. Rs. 4,000,000

  3. Rs. 2,000,000

  4. Rs. 3,000,000


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Operating profit = Operating revenue - COGS - General and administration expenses
                          = Rs. 10,000,000 - Rs. 4,000,000 - Rs. 3,000,000
                          = Rs. 3,000,000.

A second hand machinery was purchased for $Rs. 10,00,000$ five years ago and was overhauled by carrying out some current repairs at a cost of $Rs. 1,00,000$. It has also an accumulated depreciation of $Rs. 5,00,000$. It has been desposed of in the beginning of the sixth year for $Rs. 6,00,000$. Profit/loss on such disposal shall be_________. 

  1. Profit of $Rs. 1,00,000$

  2. Loss of $Rs. 5,00,000$

  3. Loss of $Rs. 4,00,000$

  4. No profit, no loss


Correct Option: D

Which one of the following will lead to under statement of net profit?

  1. Amortization of fictitious assets

  2. Treating capital expenditure as revenue expenditure

  3. Treating revenue expenditure as capital expenditure

  4. Creation of general reserve


Correct Option: B

In the case of downward revaluation of an asset which is for the first time, the account to be debited is _________.

  1. Fixed Asset A/c

  2. Revaluation Reserve A/c

  3. Profit and Loss A/c

  4. General Reserve A/c


Correct Option: C

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to preparation of Profit & Loss Account?

  1. Profit & Loss Account is prepared for a certain period and hence it is an interim statement

  2. Profit & Loss Account does not disclose the effect of non-financial items

  3. Net Profits are ascertained on the basis of current costs

  4. Net Profit as disclosed by Profit & Loss Account is not absolute


Correct Option: A

The Profit and Loss A/c shows the ________________.

  1. Financial results of the concern for a period

  2. Financial position of the concern on a particular date

  3. Financial results of the concern on a particular date

  4. Cost of goods sold during the period


Correct Option: A

Cash Profit is?

  1. Net profit$-$Non-trading Profit$-$Depreciation and provision

  2. Gross-Profit$-$Non-trading Profit$+$Depreciation and provision

  3. Net Profit$+$Depreciation & provision

  4. Gross Profit$-$Operational expenses


Correct Option: C

While preparing final account, to record loss in stock due to fire or accidents which of the following adjustment entry will passed?

Stock A/cTo Creditors A/c Dr.
Profit & Loss A/cTo Stock A/c Dr.
Stock A/cTo Capital A/c Dr.
Debtors A/cTo Stock A/c Dr.
  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D


Correct Option: B

During the year goods destroyed by fire was Rs. $10,000$. This insurance company accepted the claim for Rs. $6,000$ and paid the money after the close of financial year. In relation to this which of the following statement is correct?

  1. Trading A/c will be credited by Rs. $10,000$, Profit & Loss A/c will be debited by Rs. $6,000$ and in balance sheet insurance claim will be shown at Rs. $4,000$

  2. Trading A/c will be credited by Rs. $10,000$, Profit & Loss A/c will be debited by Rs. $10,000$

  3. Trading A/c will be credited by Rs. $10,000$, Profit & Loss A/c will be debited by Rs. $4,000$ and in balance sheet insurance claim will be shown at Rs. $6,000$

  4. None of the statement is correct


Correct Option: C

State the reasons whether the following are true or false.
The gain from sale of capital assets need not be added to revenue to ascertain the net profit of a business.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

From the following details calculate the net profit for the year ending $31-3-2015$

Particulars Rs.
Opening Stock $1,50,000$
Purchase $2,50,000$
Manufacturing Expenses $80,000$
Selling Expenses $20,000$
Administration Expenses $10,000$
Financial Charges $5,000$
Sales $5,55,000$

Sales include damaged goods sold for Rs. $5,000$ against the cost price of Rs. $12,000$. Gross profit margin on normal sales is $20\%$ on the sales.

  1. Rs. $65,000$

  2. Rs. $68,000$

  3. Rs. $70,000$

  4. Rs. $77,000$


Correct Option: B

Which is the characteristic feature of profit & loss account?

  1. Accounts transferred to profit & loss account do not exist after being transferred to profit & loses account

  2. It is prepared at the last date of the accounting period.

  3. It is a statement

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

In a sole traders profit and loss account firm taxation accounts are not present because ______________.

  1. the proprietor of such a business pays income tax in his private capacity

  2. the Income tax department has not made laws regarding the taxation of firms

  3. as sole trader has a simple business so tax paying is not required

  4. the business is separate undertaking for the purposes of tax


Correct Option: A

Everyday office expenses are charged to _____________.

  1. Selling expenses

  2. Administrative expenses

  3. Marketing expenses

  4. Financial expenses


Correct Option: B

Which of the following would not appear in the profit and loss account?

  1. Rent received

  2. Cash expenses

  3. Carriage outwards

  4. Drawings


Correct Option: D

__________ profit is profit before interest and tax (EBIT).

  1. Net

  2. Operating

  3. Gross

  4. Super


Correct Option: B

Dividend received from shares entry is made in ______________.

  1. Trading account

  2. Profit and loss account

  3. Balance sheet

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Basic principle to be followed while preparing trading and profit & loss account is ____________________.

  1. Expenses for the full trading period should be included

  2. Revenue received for the whole period be included

  3. Expenditure which is for other period to be included

  4. Both a & b


Correct Option: D

Which statement is true?

  1. Gross profit - gross loss = Net profit

  2. Gross profit - net loss = Net profit

  3. Net profit - Net loss = Net profit

  4. Total revenue - total expenses = net profit


Correct Option: D

________ is not the integral part of profit & loss account.

  1. Bank interest received

  2. Discount received

  3. Sales

  4. Rent of property received


Correct Option: C

What is transferred to capital account?

  1. Gross profit

  2. Net profit

  3. Gross sales revenue

  4. Net sales revenue


Correct Option: B

Adjusted profit and loss are used in____________.

  1. budgetary control technique

  2. information technique

  3. financial accounts preparation technique

  4. for bounced cheques


Correct Option: A

Which is the characteristic feature of profit & loss account?

  1. Account transferred to profit & loss account do not exist after being transferred to profit & loses account

  2. It is prepared at the last date of the accounting period.

  3. It is a statement

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

The trading account does not __________.

  1. calculate gross profit

  2. compare the sales with the cost of those sales

  3. include the cost of goods sold

  4. show the effect of profit on capital


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A trading account helps in determining the gross profit or gross loss of a business made strictly out of trading activities. Only direct revenue and direct expenses are considered in it. 

It is prepared mainly to know the profitability of goods. In this indirect expenses and indirect revenue are not included. So, it can not show the effect of profit on capital. In Capital net profit is added. 

Valuing closing stock at a cost is an application of which concept?

  1. Consistency

  2. Dual aspect

  3. Prudence

  4. Money measurement


Correct Option: C

Assuming no returns outwards or carriage inwards, the cost of goods sold will be equal to _______.

  1. opening stock plus purchases plus closing stock

  2. closing stock less purchases plus opening stock

  3. sales less gross profit

  4. purchases plus closing stock less opening stock


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Assuming no returns outwards or carriage inwards, the cost of goods sold will be equal to Sales less gross profit. Goods are sold at cost plus profit. So. sales less gross profit represents the cost of goods sold.

_______ is the part of income statement, which is prepared to ascertain the profit/ loss for a given accounting period.

  1. Manufacturing A/c

  2. Profit and Loss A/c

  3. Balance Sheet

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Final Account is the final process of accounting. Final accounts include the preparation of Trading account, Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet. The main purpose of this account is to show the profit or loss earned by the firm during the accounting period. It shows the profitability of the business. 

Gross profit less expense is known as __________.

  1. cost of goods sold

  2. net turnover

  3. total drawings

  4. net profit


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Net Profit is the measure of the true profitability of a venture after accounting for all costs and taxes. It is the actual profit and includes the operating expenses that are excluded from gross profit. So,
Gross Profit - Operating Expenses = Net Profit. 

Net turnover can be calculated as ____________.

  1. Sales less returns outwards

  2. Gross profit plus cost of goods sold

  3. Purchases plus opening stock less returns outwards

  4. Sales plus returns inwards


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Net turnover included the revenues from the sale of goods and provided services.
Gross Profit = Net Turnover - Cost of Goods Sold
So, 
Net Turnover = Gross Profit + Cost of Goods Sold.

Which of the following principle/s must be kept in mind while preparing Trading and Profit and Loss Account?

  1. Profit or loss is determined by matching revenues and expenses according to the matching principle

  2. Only revenue expenses together with losses should be taken into account

  3. Only revenue receipts i.e. sale proceeds and other incomes should be entered

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Profit or loss is determined by matching revenues and expenses. All expenses incurred for the purpose of earning income should be debited to the account. Expenditure of revenue nature alone and that relating to only the period concerned should be debited to the account.

 Losses suffered by accident or otherwise should be debited to the statement of profit and loss account. All the revenue income relating to the period concerned is recorded, even if they have not been actually received in cash. 

The _________ measures net profit/ loss by matching revenues and expenses according to the accounting principles.

  1. trading A/c

  2. manufacturing account

  3. profit and loss A/c

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Profit and Loss Account measures net profit/loss by matching revenues and expenses according to the Matching Principle. The matching principle is one of the basic underlying guidelines in accounting. This principle requires a company to match expenses with related revenue. The matching is based on a cost and effect relationship.

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to preparation of Profit and Loss Account?

  1. Profit and Loss Account is prepared for a certain period and hence it is an interim statement

  2. Profit and Loss Account does not disclose the effect of non-financial iterms

  3. Net Profits are ascertained on the basis of current costs

  4. Net Profit as disclosed by Profit and Loss Account is not absolute


Correct Option: A

At the time of preparation of financial accounts, bad debts recovered account will be transferred to______________.

  1. Debtors A/c

  2. Profit and Loss A/c

  3. Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c

  4. Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

At times. a debtor whose account had earlier been written off as bad debts may decide to make the payments. 

This is called Bad debts recovered. While journalizing for bad debts, Debtor's personal account is credited and bad debts account is debited because bad debts are treated as loss to the firm and now when they are recovered it is seen as a gain to the business. So, they are transferred to Profit and Loss Account.  

Firms aim at maximization of ______ profit.

  1. supernormal

  2. normal

  3. total

  4. average


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A common measure of a company's success equal to the net revenue that remains once all costs have been deducted. The total profits for a business forms the base income that is used to compute tax and determine how much of a dividend to pay to shareholder. 

Total profits shows how a business is performing. It shows how the firm has used the funds entrusted to it by its stakeholders and lenders. So firms aim at maximization of total profit.  

Net Profit is equal to ______________.

  1. Sales - Cost of Goods sold

  2. Sales - Operating cost

  3. Gross profit - Operating expenses

  4. Sales - Operating and Non -operating cost


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Net profit is calculated by deducting all the operating expenses and non operating expenses and adding all the operating and non operating income in the sales. Hence, the formula is
Sales - (operating cost + Non operating cost)  

Operating Profits is equal to _________________.

  1. Sales - Cost of Goods Sold

  2. Sales - Non-operating

  3. Gross profit - operating expenses

  4. Net profit + Operating Revenue


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Operating profit = Sales - Cost of goods sold
Operating profit is the profit earned only by the business activities. Operating profit and gross profit are the same as they only include the expenses and incomes directly related to business. 

Operating Cost is equal to _________________.

  1. Cost of Goods Sold + Operating Cost

  2. Cost of Goods - Operating Expenses

  3. Sales - Gross Profit

  4. Sales - Operating Profit


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Operating cost = sales - operating profit
Operating cost include all the costs that are related to the business directly. By deducting operating profit from sales we will get the operating cost of the business. 

Capital introduced in the beginning of the year by Ram is Rs. $40,000$. Further capital introduced during the year Rs. $1000$. Drawings for the year is Rs. $200$ per month and Closing capital is Rs. $53,600$. Determine the profit/loss for the year ended?

  1. Rs. $15,000$ profit

  2. Rs. $5,000$ Loss

  3. Rs. $20,000$ Profit

  4. Can't say


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To determine the profit/loss for the year ended :

Closing Capital at the end of the year           = 53600
Less: Capital in the beginning (40000)
Less: Additional capital (1000)                        = 12600
Add:  Drawings for the year 2400(200*12)    =15000

The gain from sale of capital assets need not be added to revenue to ascertain the ________________.

  1. Gross profit of a business.

  2. Net profit of a business.

  3. Operating profit of a business.

  4. All of above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The gain from sale of capital assets will need to be added to revenue to calculate the non - operating profit, and not gross profit, net profit and operating profit. 

Gross profit is calculated to ascertain the profit from sale and purchase of goods/services, operating profit accounts only operating incomes and expenses and net profit is gross profit less operating expenses. 

On $31^{st}$ March, $2009$ Ram has loan of Rs. $50,000$ and creditors of Rs. $80,000$ Fixed assets of Rs. $72,000$, stock Rs. $90,000$ and cash in hand Rs. $60,000$. If he had started business on April $1$ $2008$ with capital of Rs. $50,000$. Compute Profit earned by Ram for year $2008-09$.

  1. Rs. $92,000$

  2. Rs. $42,000$

  3. Rs. $1,72,000$

  4. Rs. $52,000$


Correct Option: B

There was a stock of Rs. $5,500$ out of which stock of Rs. $500$ was burnt due to fire and was disposed off for Rs. $200$. Remaining goods were sold at $25\%$ above cost price. Find net profit.

  1. Rs. $6,250$

  2. Rs. $7,200$

  3. Rs. $6,575$

  4. Rs. $5,950$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Stock available = Rs.5500
Burnt due to fire = Rs.500
Goods available for sale= Rs.5000
25% of Rs. 5000= Rs.1250
Selling price= Rs.6250(5000+1250)
less: loss due to fire=Rs. 300
Net Profit=Rs.5950

Final Accounts of a company are prepared according to _________ of companies Act, $2013$.

  1. Schedule IV

  2. Schedule II

  3. Schedule III

  4. Schedule I


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The balance sheet of a company is prepared as per the format prescribed in part I of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. The Schedule III prescribes only the vertical format for presentation of financial statements. Thus, a company will now not have an option to use horizontal format for the presentation of financial statements.

According to the Companies Act, $2013$, a company may issue fully paid up bonus shares to its members, out of ___________.

  1. Free reserves

  2. Security premium account

  3. Capital redemption reserve account

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Bonus shares are issued by the company to the existing shareholders when the company is having short of cash but the shareholders are expecting a regular income. Issue of bonus shares does not involve any cash outflow.

The Companies Act 2013 has specifically introduced section 63 to deal with bonus shares. The company can issue fully paid bonus shares from the following sources:
Free reserves of the company
  • Share premium account
  • Capital redemption reserve account

While calculating Operating profit the incomes and expenses of purely ____________ nature are not taken into account.

  1. operating

  2. trading

  3. financial

  4. non financial


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operating profit is defined as the profit earned by the firm during the course of normal trading operations. To calculate the operating profit, operational expenses are deducted from operational income. 


Expense of purely of financial nature need not to be taken into account while calculating the operational profit like interest on loan, dividends etc.

Income derived from, normal operation of the business is called ________.

  1. normal income

  2. manufacturing income

  3. operating income

  4. financial income


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Operating income resulting from a firm's primary business operations (normal operations), excluding extraordinary income and expenses. Also called earning before interest and taxes. the measure revels an entity's ability to generate earnings from its operational activities.

Given the following data:
Gross profit Rs.$6,700$; Carriage Inwards Rs.$250$; received Rs.$575$ and other expenses Rs.$3,600$. The net profit of the firm would be:

  1. Rs. $3,275$

  2. Rs. $3,025$

  3. Rs. $3,425$

  4. Rs. $3,675$


Correct Option: D
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