Alimentary canal - class-X
Description: alimentary canal | |
Number of Questions: 96 | |
Created by: Vaibhav Pathak | |
Tags: digestive system digestion life processes human system bio-chemistry biology digestion and absorption nutrition - food supplying system digestive system of human coordination in life processes through the alimentary canal |
From which part of the alimentary canal does chemical digestion begins?
-
Mouth
-
Esophagus
-
Stomach
-
Gall bladder
-
Small intestine
Chemical digestion involves enzymes. In the mouth, chemical digestion is initiated when the food comes in contact with saliva, which is secreted by salivary glands. It contains salivary amylase which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch and converting it into maltose. Chemical digestion then further continues in stomach and then finally in the small intestine.
The chemical digestion of food starts in the
-
Mouth
-
Stomach
-
Esophagus
-
Small intestine
-
Large intestine
Chemical digestion food starts in the mouth as saliva is secrets from salivary gland which consists salivary amylase enzyme which acts on starch and converts it into the simpler form the churned food particles with saliva is called as the bolus then transferred to the stomach through the esophagus.
Carnivorous animals use these teeth to tear flesh.
-
Incisors
-
Canines
-
Premolars
-
Molars
Carnivorous animals are meat eating animals. They use canines which are long, pointed teeth near the front of their jaw for tearing of flesh. Other teeth along the side of their jaw, molars and premolars, have uneven edges and are used for shearing the food in smaller pieces.
Pick out the odd one: among the parts of the alimentary canal are
-
Pharynx
-
Mouth
-
Buccal cavity
-
Pancreas
Pancreas helps in digestion by secreting pancreatic juice in small intestine. However pancreas is a gland and is not a part of alimentary canal. Alimentary canal is a muscular tube which extends from mouth to anus and includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and the intestines.
Consider the following statement regarding human.
a. Duodenum is the longest part of small intestine
b. Hepatic and cystic ducts release their secretions into common bile duct whose opening is controlled by sphincter of Oddi
c. Ileocaecal valve is present at the junction of small intestine and large intestine
d. Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion of food occurs in buccal cavity, stomach and small intestine
Which of the following choices is correct?
-
A and B only
-
B and C only
-
C and D only
-
A, B, C and D
Schneiderian membrane is found in
-
loop of Henle
-
trachea
-
Bowman's capsule
-
nasal mucosa
What is the process of food passage from buccal cavity to the side of water and mineral absorption?
-
Mouth $\rightarrow$ Buccal cavity $\rightarrow$ Pharynx $\rightarrow$ Oesophagus $\rightarrow$ Duodenum $\rightarrow$Stomach $\rightarrow$ Ileum $\rightarrow$ large intestine
-
Mouth $\rightarrow$ Buccal cavity $\rightarrow$ Pharynx $\rightarrow$ Oesophagus $\rightarrow$ Stomach $\rightarrow$Duodenum $\rightarrow$ Ileum $\rightarrow$ Caecum $\rightarrow$Rectum
-
Mouth $\rightarrow$Buccal cavity $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ Larynx $\rightarrow$ Stomach $\rightarrow$ Small intestine $\rightarrow$Large intestine
-
Mouth $\rightarrow$ Buccal cavity $\rightarrow$ Pharynx $\rightarrow$ Food $\rightarrow$ pipe $\rightarrow$ Stomach
$\rightarrow$ Large intestine $\rightarrow$ Small intestine
Tongue is made up of?
-
Smooth muscles
-
Skeletal muscles
-
Both (A) and (B)
-
Cartilage
Tongue bone is?
-
Mandible
-
Hyoid
-
Flat bone
-
Coccyx
Coelenterates are _________.
-
Terrestrial
-
Aquatic
-
Aerial
-
All of the above
Find the odd one out.
-
Saw fish
-
Hyla
-
Bombay duck
-
Myxine
Saw fish, Hyla and Bombay duck belong to super class: Pisces and Division: Gnathostomata. Myxine has circular sucking type of mouth belonging to Division: Agnatha.
The literal meaning of "gastrulation" is
-
Formation of primary germ layers
-
Formation of a gut
-
Morphogenetic movement
-
Commencement of organogenesis
'Gastrulation' word is derived from Greek word 'gaster' meaning stomach and according to McEwen (1923), gastrulation refers to the formation of the primordial gastric gut or cavity called the archenteron.
Which ones are absorbed in the alimentary canal without any breakdown?
-
Proteins
-
Polysaccharides
-
Fat soluble vitamins
-
Albumen of egg
Base of tongue is sensitive to taste
-
Salty
-
Sweet
-
Bitter
-
Sour
Tastes like sweet, salt, sour, bitter are sensed by all the sides of the tongue but the back of the tongue is very sensitive to bitter tastes.
Bile salts activate enzyme
-
Pepsinogen
-
Trypsinogen
-
Lipase
-
Pancreatic amylase
Which is component of Waldeyers ring
-
Pharynx
-
Tonsils
-
Ileum
-
Oesophagus
The cup-shaped cavity for the articulation of the head of the
femur is called
-
Glenoid cavity
-
Acetabulum
-
Obturator
-
Sigmoid notch
Acetabulum is made up of Parts of ilium, ischium and pubis. It provides articulation for head of femur.
The sweet taste buds on the tongue are located at
-
tip
-
root
-
middle
-
between root and middle
The taste buds for sweet are on the tip of the tongue the salt taste buds are on either side of the front of the tongue. Sour taste buds are behind this and bitter taste buds are at the posterior end
How many structures are found in abdominal cavity of male among following structures. Epididymis, Rate testis, Ampulla of vas deferens, Fallopian tube, Prostate gland, Seminal vesicle, Round ligament, Ureter, Membranous urethra.
-
$2$
-
$3$
-
$4$
-
$5$
Ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland are the structures found in the abdominal cavity of male.
Digestion of starch starts in the stomach.
-
True
-
False
Digestion of starch starts from the mouth. The salivary gland in the mouth secretes saliva, which mixes with the food that is chewed. This is because to moisten the food. The saliva in the mouth contains the enzyme called amylase that is the starch-digesting enzyme.
Which part of the mammalian alimentary canal does not secrete any enzyme?
-
Mouth
-
Oesophagus
-
Stomach
-
Duodenum
'Oesophagus' does not secrete any enzyme.
J-shaped muscular bag that churns the food is
-
Small intestine
-
Stomach
-
Large intestine
-
Oesophagus
Stomach: It is a muscular J- shaped thickly walled bag. Stomach churns the food to mix digestive juices. The food in the stomach is churned into semi-solid. The churned semi-solid food is called chime.
A muscular structure that regulates the opening of the oesophagus into the stomach is known as
-
Epiglottis
-
Lower esophagus sphincter
-
Pyloric sphincter
-
Sphincter of Oddi
Select the incorrect match
-
Stomach wall - Oblique muscle layer present
-
Chylomicrons - Product of emulsification in intestinal lumen
-
Thaimine deficiency- - Beri beri
-
None of the above
All the above options are correct.So, the correct option is 'None of the above'.
Single-layer of flattened cells with boundaries is observed in all of the following except
-
Blood vessels
-
Lining of oesophagus
-
Air sacs of lungs
-
Both (A) and (B)
Single layered of flattened cells with irregular boundaries constitute the squamous epithelium which is found in walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs. The epithelium that lines the oesophagus is stratified epithelium.
Middle part of oesophagus in human being is
-
Voluntary only
-
Involuntary only
-
Both voluntary and involuntary
-
Skeletal muscles
- The oesophagus is a hollow, muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and also carries food and liquids to the stomach from the mouth.
- It is usually around 9 to 10 inches in adults which begins at the pharynx and passes behind the trachea or windpipe.
- The upper part of the oesophagus is made up of striated or voluntary muscles.
- The middle part is composed of both striated and smooth or involuntary muscles.
- The lower part is made up of smooth muscles only.
- The oesophagus consists of two sphincters.
- The upper oesophagal sphincter is single ringlike cartilage which is both voluntary and involuntary in nature and it prevents food and liquids from entering the windpipe (trachea,)
- The lower oesophagal sphincter is involuntary and prevents gastric acids from travelling into the oesophagus and it opens into the diaphragm.
- So, the correct answer is 'Both voluntary and involuntary'.
The most distensible portion of the alimentary canal is ________.
-
Oesophagus
-
Stomach
-
Large intestine
-
small intestine
- The oesophagus is a hollow distensible muscular part of the alimentary canal.
- The ability to stretch and expand is called distensibility.
- The distensibility of the oesophagus allows any kind of food to pass through it with ease.
- The oesophagus dilates and propels the food from the region of the pharynx to the stomach.
- The stomach is a J shaped distensible bag like structure and is a highly distensible part of the alimentary canal.
- It may take varying shapes and can hold about 1 litre of food.
- The gastric folds in the inner walls of the stomach allow it to get expanded.
- So, the correct answer is 'Stomach'.
What is the function of peristalsis in these parts?
-
Oesophagus
-
Stomach
-
Small intestine
-
Large intestine
Typhlosole found in Pheretima occurs in?
-
Oesophagus
-
Stomach
-
Intestine
-
Gizzard
The wall of alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum possesses _________ layers.
-
$2$
-
$3$
-
$4$
-
$5$
The upper part of stomach is called ____ stomach.
-
fundic
-
pyloric
-
cardiac
-
none of these
In case of vertebrates lacteals are found in
-
Oesophagus
-
Ear
-
Small intestine
-
Ischium
What is the role of acid in our stomach?
-
Acidify the food for proper action of pepsin
-
Conversion of pepsinogen and prorenin into active forms of pepsin and renin
-
Killing of microorganisms present in food
-
All of the above
The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating digestive enzyme such as pepsinogen and convert it into the active pepsin, a Proteolytic activity of pepsin and in destroying various pathogens.
Function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to
-
Digest carbohydrates
-
Clean the stomach
-
Kill the germs
-
Break down proteins
The stomach wall consists gastric gland which secretes gastric juice for digestion of food. The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating many digestive enzymes and in destroying various pathogens. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Gastric digestion takes place efficiently in
-
Acidic medium
-
Alkaline medium
-
Neutral medium
-
Highly alkaline medium
The original function of the vertebrate stomach was
-
Storage
-
Digestion
-
Enzyme secretion
-
Absorption
According to the body's needs, the stomach decides what to do with the food. If the small intestine is full and busy absorbing molecules from a previous meal, for instance, the stomach temporarily stores the food. On the other hand, if the body is in need of nutrients and the small intestine is ready for absorption, the stomach begins to break down the macromolecules found in the food and creates a semi-liquid mixture called chyme. This decision-making step of the stomach helps control the pace of the digestive system. The stomach of vertebrates is able to break down macromolecules due to its highly acidic environment, which causes molecular bond stress and forces them to break. So, the original function of the vertebrate stomach was storage but, due to acidic medium it also breaks down the food. Thus, option A is correct.
The food passes through
-
Mouth
-
Oesophagus
-
Both A and B
-
None of the above
During digestion process fist food is ingested by mouth where chewing churning and mixing of food take place and make semi solid paste of food called as a bolus. Bolus then enters into the oesophagus where food moves through peristaltic movement and enters into the stomach. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
The internal secretion of ............ helps in digestion.
-
Citric acid
-
Sulphuric acid
-
Acetic acid
-
Hydrochloric acid
The stomach wall secretes gastric juices and a mixture of HCl, pepsinogen and mucous. HCl increases the pH of the stomach due to which pepsinogen gets activated and gets converted into the active form pepsin which digests the protein molecule. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
How is shape of stomach?
-
As V
-
As J
-
As O
-
None of the above
The stomach is a J-shaped, hollow organ located just inferior to the diaphragm in the left part of the abdominal cavity. It is located between the oesophagus and connects with the duodenum. It has two parts fundus and pyloric.
The gastric mill is the part of the stomach that is used for
-
Storage
-
Digestion
-
Excretion
-
Grinding
The gizzard also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, birds, earthworms, some fish, and some crustaceans. This specialized stomach is constructed of thick muscular walls used for grinding up food. In certain insects and molluscs, the gizzard features chitinous plates or teeth. Hence, the gastric mill is the part of the stomach that is used for grinding.
So, the correct answer is 'grinding'.
Lowest pH is found in
-
Small intestine
-
Large intestine
-
Stomach
-
Esophagus
-
Mouth
The gastric glands of stomach produce gastric juice, which contains pepsinogen, HCl, and mucus. HCl imparts highly acidic pH to stomach which in turn supports conversion of inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin. The proper acidic environment of stomach triggers the opening of one way pyrrolic sphincter which in turn allow the chyme to move into the small intestine for further digestive processes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
The lining of the stomach is protected by
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucous
-
Digestive juicies
-
None of the above
Parietal cells in the mucosa are found in the inner lining of the stomach which secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach lumen, or cavity. It decreases the pH of the stomach and has corrosive nature hence can harm the stomach wall. The gastric juice consists mucous also. It gets deposits on the inner wall of the stomach to protect it from the corrosiveness of HCl.
Muscles of alimentary canal are chiefly _______________.
-
Striated and Neurogenic
-
Unstriated and Neurogenic
-
Striated and Myogenic
-
Unstriated and Myogenic
In Man the zymogen or chief cells are mainly found in ______________.
-
Cardiac part of stomach
-
Pyloric part of stomach
-
Duodenum
-
Fundic part of stomach
The wall of the stomach is protected against the action of HCl by ______________.
-
Epidermal layer
-
Mesodermal layer
-
Mucous layer
-
Muscular layer
Gastric folds observed when the stomach is empty are called ----------
-
Fiveoles
-
Ancinura angularis
-
Rugae
-
None
Aurebach's plexus is present in between.
-
Longitudinal and oblique muscles of stomach
-
Oblique muscles and submucosa
-
Circular and longitudinal muscles of stomach
-
Submucosa and mucosa
The greatly dilated part of the alimentary canal in man is?
-
Buccal cavity
-
Large intestine
-
Stomach
-
Caecum
Proteolytic enzymes do not corrode lining of alimentary canal is
-
They are secreted in inactive form
-
Lining layer of alimentary canal does not contain protein
-
The enzymes are not capable of digesting fat
-
None of the above
What will happen if secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked?
-
Gastric juice is deficient of pepsinogen
-
Gastric juice is deficient of chymosin
-
Deficiency of HCl leads to nonconversion of inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin
-
Nonrelease of enterokinase from duodenal mucosa and non-conversion of trypsinogen into trypsin
Gastric glands are numerous microscopic tubular glands formed by the epithelium of stomach. The parietal cells (oxyntic cells) are large and most numerous on the sidewalls of gastric glands. They secrete hydrochloric acid and castle intrinsic factor. The peptic cells (zymogen) cells of gastric glands secrete gastric digestive enzymes as proenzymes-pepsinogen and prorennin and a small amount of gastric amylase and gastric lipase. The hydrochloric acid maintains a strongly acidic pH of about 1.5 to 2.5 in the stomach. HCl converts pepsinogen and prorennin to pepsin and rennin respectively.
Brunners glands occur in
-
Submucosa of duodenum
-
Submucosa of stomach
-
Mucosa of oesophagus
-
Mucosa of ileum
Which is false
-
Oesophagus secretes digestive enzyme
-
Gall bladder is absent in Horse
-
Human teeth are thecodont
-
There are three pairs of salivary glands in humans
Semidigested food that moves down oesophagus is known as
-
Bolus
-
Chyme
-
Rugae
-
Protein
Which of the following correctly describes the oesophagus?
-
Food moves through the oesophagus under voluntary control
-
Food enters the oesophagus from the pyloric region of the stomach
-
It allows the passage of chyme
-
It is a collapsible muscular tube extending from pharynx to stomach
- The oesophagus is a long, muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. It's around 25cm (10 in) long in adults.
- When you swallow food, the walls of the oesophagus squeeze together (contract).
- This moves the food down the oesophagus to the stomach. Hence, the oesophagus is a collapsible muscular tube extending from pharynx to stomach.
The acidic region of gastrointestinal tract is
-
mouth
-
large intestine
-
small intestine
-
stomach
- Parietal cells in the stomach secrete roughly two litres of acid a day in the form of hydrochloric acid.
- The acid in the stomach functions to kill bacteria, and to help digestion by solubilizing food.
- The acid is also important to maintain the optimal pH (between 1.8-3.5) for the function of the digestive enzyme pepsin. Hence, the acidic region of the gastrointestinal tract is the stomach.
Digestion of proteins begins in the (i) and digestion of polysaccharides begins in the (ii)
(i) (ii)
-
mouth, stomach
-
stomach, small intestine
-
stomach, mouth
-
stomach, stomach
(i) stomach
Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?
-
Starch and fat
-
Fat and cellulose
-
Starch and cellulose
-
Protein and starch
- In humans starch is digested in the buccopharyngeal cavity, protein is digested in the stomach and fat in the small intestine.
- In Humans cellulose is not digested because in humans cellulose-digesting enzyme is absent.
- In Humans fats are digested in the stomach and the cellusose digesting enzyme is absent The pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested are fats and cellulose.
- So, the correct answer is 'Fat and cellulose'.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
-
Brunner's glands are submucosal.
-
Irregular folds of gastric mucosa are rugae.
-
Glisson's capsule is the connective tissue sheath of hepatic lobule.
-
Mesothelium or serosa lies in close proximity to the circular layer of muscularis.
The correct answer is (d).
Which of the following is a part of your digestive system?
-
Stomach
-
Teeth
-
Rectum
-
All of the above
Digestion starts from the mouth and ends at large intestine. When the food enters mouth (ingestion), it is broken into small pieces by the teeth and acted upon by salivary amylase. Then it travels down the oesophagus to the stomach, where digestive enzymes from the pancreas, gall bladder, liver and duodenum further digest it. Assimilation of nutrients occurs at small intestine and absorption of water and other substances happen at the large intestine before it is egested or excreted. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Which of the following inner lining of stomach is protected from hydrochloric acid?
-
Pepsin
-
Mucus
-
Salivary amylase
-
Bile
A layer of mucus along the inner walls of the stomach is vital to protect the cell linings of that organ from the highly acidic environment within it.
Smooth muscles are likely to be found in
-
Muscles of legs
-
Muscles of arms
-
Stomach
-
Heart
Which type of cells are the part of tubular glands of the stomach epithelium?
A. Parietal cells
B. Peptic cells
C. Zymogen cells
D. Oxyntic cells
-
D only
-
A & D
-
A,B & C
-
A,B,C & D
Answer is option (D)
Which of the following are chiefly digested in the stomach?
-
Protein
-
Carbohydrate
-
Lipids
-
Fats
Digestion is a process where the food is broken down by the mechanical and chemical process. Digestion begins at the mouth where the only carbohydrate is digested due to the presence of salivary amylase. Food then moves to the stomach through oesophagus where the gastric juice is secreted by the stomach wall which contains pepsin for protein digestion HCl and mucus. It digestion the complex form of protein into the simple form. Maximum protein is digested in the stomach.
Germs entering the body through food are mainly killed in the region of alimentary canal where pH may reach the level
-
2
-
7
-
10
-
Zero
Digestion in the human body is a complex process where pH of the digestive tract plays a crucial role. pH level in the region of pharynx and mouth is controlled by the saliva and is maintained at about 6.8. However, in the stomach, the gastric acid lowers the pH to 1-3 making it highly acidic. This acidic condition activates the digestive enzyme pepsinogen and converts it into pepsin for protein digestion and kills the pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Which statements are wrong here ?
-
Peristaltic movements do not occur all along the oesophagus
-
There are no platelets in blood
-
Rings of cartilage are not present in the trachea
-
All of above
The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva.
-
True
-
False
Digestion starts from the mouth. The salivary gland in the mouth secretes saliva, with the help of tongue saliva mixes with the food when is chewed. The tongue is a muscle with glands, sensory cells, and fatty tissue that helps to moisten food with saliva.
Partially digested food in ruminants is
-
Chyme
-
Cud
-
Bolus
-
All of the above
Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through bacterial actions. The process typically requires the fermented cud to be regurgitated and chewed again. The process of re chewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. Thus, option B is correct. Chyme is the semifluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum and moves through the intestines during digestion. Bolus is a small rounded mass of a substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing.
The opening of the stomach in duodenum is regulated by
-
Sphineter of Oddi
-
Pyloric sphincter
-
Gastro-oesophageal
-
Ileo-caeeal valve
A. Sphincter of Oddi is the opening of the hepatopancreatic duct into duodenum.
Food is taken into the body through the
-
Tongue
-
Mouth
-
Teeth
-
None of the above
Which animal out of the following has the longest food-pipe?
-
Girraffe
-
Camel
-
Whale
-
Yak
Digestion of starch starts from
-
Stomach
-
Intestine
-
Oesophagus
-
Mouth
Digestion starts in mouth and starch is the biomolecule whose digestion is first carried out by Ptyalin enzyme present in saliva.
No digestion occurs in oesophagus. It functions to transport semi solid bolus of food from mouth to stomach.
Intestine comes after stomach. Stomach is important for digestion of proteins.
Digestion of food in human starts from
-
Duodenum
-
Small intestine
-
Mouth
-
Large intestine
Digestion of food starts in mouth. It is carried out in following two ways
- Mechanical digestion which is breaking of food into smaller chunks with the help of teeth and aided by muscular tongue.
- Chemical digestion due to ptyalin (salivary amylase) in saliva
- So, the correct answer is 'Mouth'
Which of the following forms the inner lining of the mouth?
-
Pleura
-
Mucous membrane
-
Pericardium
-
Meninges
The alimentary canal begins with an anterior opening the mouth, and it opens out posteriorly through the anus. The mouth leads to the buccal cavity or oral cavity. The oral cavity has 32 teeth and a muscular tongue. The buccal cavity is lined with mucous membrane, whose secretions keep mouth moist.
The structure, which prevents entry of food into wind pipe during swallowing in mammals is
-
Larynx
-
Glottis
-
Epiglottis
-
Pharynx
The oral cavity leads into a short pharynx, which serves as a common passage for food and air. The oesophagus and the trachea (wind pipe) open into the pharynx. A cartilaginous flap, called as epiglottis, prevents the entry of food into the glottis opening of the wind pipe during swallowing.
The structure which prevents the entry of food into respiratory tract is
-
Pharynx
-
Larynx
-
Glottis
-
Epiglottis
The epiglottis is a flexible flap at the superior end of the larynx in the throat. It acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass into the gastrointestinal tract. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.
If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it will begin to taste sweet because
-
Maltase is breaking down maltose
-
Lipases are forming fatty acids
-
Amylase is breaking down starches to disaccharides
-
Disaccharides are forming glucose
Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate molecules. It is produced at two sites. First, salivary glands in the mouth make salivary amylase, which begin the digestive process by breaking down starch when the food is chewed. The starch is converted to maltose, a smaller carbohydrate. When starchy foods like rice or potatoes begin to break down in the mouth, a slightly sweet taste is detected, as maltose is released. So, if we chew a piece of bread (made of polysaccharides) long enough, it will begin to taste sweet because amylase is breaking down starches to dissaccharides such as maltose. Thus, option C is correct.
Digestion of food in human starts from which part of alimentary canal?
-
Buccal cavity
-
Small intestine
-
Duodenum
-
Large intestine
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth or buccal cavity. The salivary glands in the mouth secrete saliva, which helps to moisten the food. The food is then chewed while the salivary glands also release the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins the process of breaking down the polysaccharides in the carbohydrate food.
A bolus is
-
A mass of crushed food moistened with saliva
-
The semisolid material resulting from partial digestion in the stomach
-
The milky emulsified fatabsorbed from small intestine
-
Indigestible materials that helps in movement and absorption
A bolus is a mass of food that (with animals that can chew) has been chewed at the point of swallowing. Under normal circumstances, the bolus then travels down the oesophagus to the stomach for digestion. Bolus has the same colour as the food that has been chewed by the person and is different from chyme. The bolus is a rolled up ball-like structure formed when the animal is about to swallow. Its pH is alkaline because of the presence of saliva. Thus, option A is correct.
Where does the process of food digestion start in human being?
-
Stomach
-
Food canal
-
Mouth
-
Small intestine
Digestion of food starts in the mouth in humans. In the mouth masticated food gets mixed with saliva secreted by salivary gland. Saliva is a mixture of water, electrolytes, ptyalin enzyme (salivary amylase). The digestion of starch is initiated in the mouth due to the action of salivary amylase. Enzymatic hydrolysis helps in the partial breakdown of starch into maltose, isomaltose.
Pharynx is the short tube leading to the stomach
-
True
-
False
The pharynx is an organ found in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, the pharynx is a part of the digestive system and also of the conducting zone of the respiratory system. The conducting zone includes nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and their function is to filter, warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Ingestion of food in human beings is facilited by
-
Oesophagus
-
Buccal activity
-
Muscular tongue
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Trachea
The food is ingested through the mouth. The mouth contains tongue, teeth and salivary glands. Teeth break the food into smaller particles. This process is called as mastication. The chewed food is mixed with saliva. Saliva is a watery fluid secreted by the salivary glands. Saliva contains a type of enzyme called the salivary amylase, which converts starch into sugar. The tongue is a muscular organ. Tongue helps to mix saliva in the food. It also helps to push the food down the food-pipe or oesophagus. Taste receptors are present in tongue and give us the sense of taste.
Digestion begins in the mouth. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
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The tongue aids in the digestion of the food.
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The saliva changes some of the starches in the food to sugar.
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The tongue keeps the food in place in the mouth while the food is being chewed.
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The digestive juices can react more easily with food when chewed.
The first stage of digestion in human beings takes place in
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Oesophagus
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Small intenstine
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Buccal cavity
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Stomach
The fist stage of digestion in human being takes place in the buccal cavity where the chewing and churning of food and mixing of saliva occurs. Saliva consists salivary amylase which acts on the starch molecule of food and converts it into the simple form. The semisolid food with saliva in buccal cavity is called as a bolus. Bolus is then transferred to the stomach with the help of peristaltic movement of the oesophagus. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Common passage for swallowing food and breathing is
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Gullet
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Pharynx
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Glottis
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Larynx
Length of human alimentary canal is
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100 cm
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3-4 m
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4-6 m
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6-9 m
The alimentary canal is a long tube through which food is taken into the body and digested. In human beings, this passage is about 30 ft (9 m) long." The alimentary canal, or the digestive tract as it is most commonly known, is 9 meters from the oesophagus to the anus.
In man even though both air and food go through the pharynx, food does not normally enter the wind pipe because during swallowing of food
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The epiglottis covers the glottis
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Sphincter of Oddi closes the hepato-pancreatic duct
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Pyloric sphincter covers the opening of stomach into the duodenum
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None of these
A complete digestive tract consists of an oral and an anal opening.
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True
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False
In humans, the alimentary canal begins with an anterior opening, called mouth and it opens out posteriorly through another opening, anus. Such an alimentary canal is called complete. In some animals like coelenterates only single opening is present, such an alimentary canal is called incomplete.
In humans, protein digestion is completed in the mouth.
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True
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False
The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin. The pancreas produces a juice containing several enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food. Hence, partial digestion occurs in the mouth.
Soidum potassium pumps in the axonal membrane ionic gradients across the resting membrane by
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Passive transport of $Na^+$ outwards and $K^+$ inwards
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Active transport of $Na^+$ inwards amd $K^+$ outwards
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Transport of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions along their concentration gradients.
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Active transport of $Na^+$ outwards and $K^+$ inwards
Sodium-potassium pumps in the axonal membrane ionic gradients across the membrane by active transport of Na${+}$ outwards and K${+}$ inwards.
Match the items in Column I with Column II.
Column I | Column II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A. | Mouth | a. | Protein |
B. | Stomach | b. | Water |
C. | Small Intestine | c. | Starch |
D. | Large Intestine | d. | Fat |
Select the alternative which shows the correct matching.
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A - d, B - c, C - a, D - b
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A - c, B - d, C - b, D - a
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A - c, B - a, C - d, D - b
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A - b, B - a, C - d, D - c
Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion in mouth. Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of an enzyme called pepsin. Lipids are digested mainly in the small intestine by bile salts through the process of emulsification, which allows lipases to divide lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. The large intestine is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into faeces.
Digestion of starch starts from
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Stomach
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Intestine
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Oesophagus
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Buccal cavity
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth or buccal cavity. The salivary glands in the mouth secrete saliva, which helps to moisten the food. The food is then chewed while the salivary glands also release the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins the process of breaking down the carbohydrate food.
Chewing is an example of
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Chemical digestion
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Mechanical digestion
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Involuntary action
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Hydrolysis
There are two kinds of digestion: mechanical and chemical. In mechanical digestion, food particles are physically broken down into smaller pieces. It begins in the mouth where the food is chewed.
The accessory organs in the digestive system are
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Tongue, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder and Salivary glands
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Tongue, Pancreas, Small intestine, Gallbladder and Salivary glands
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Tongue, Small intestine , Large intestine, Gallbladder and Salivary glands
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None of the above
An organ that helps with digestion but is not part of the digestive tract. The accessory digestive organs are the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. Chemical digestion in the small intestine relies on the activities of three accessory digestive organs the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The digestive role of the liver is to produce bile and export it to the duodenum. The gallbladder primarily stores, concentrates, and releases bile. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions, and delivers it to the duodenum.
Pharyngeal tonsils are
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Near surface of tongue
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At the back of throat
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Active throughout life
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Adenoids
Adenoids, also called Pharyngeal tonsils, a mass of lymphatic tissue, similar to the tonsils, that is attached to the back wall of the nasal pharynx (i.e., the upper part of the throat opening into the nasal cavity proper). An individual fold of such nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue is called an adenoid.
A flap-like muscular valve controls the movement of air and food is ..........
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Nostrils
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Uvula
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Epiglottis
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None of the above
Why can a person not swallow food and talk at the same time?
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The brain cannot control two activities at the same time.
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In order to speak, air must come through the pharynx to form sounds.
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In order to swallow, the epiglottis must close off the larynx (trachea).
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Both B and C are correct.