Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs - class-XII
Description: therapeutic action of different classes of drugs | |
Number of Questions: 91 | |
Created by: Rani Rajan | |
Tags: chemistry in everyday life chemistry in daily life applied chemistry chemistry |
What is tincture of iodine?
-
2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture.
-
A mixture of iodine in chloroxylenol.
-
A mixture of 0.2% phenol and 2-3% iodine in water.
-
2-3% solution of iodine in potassium iodide.
2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol-water mixture is known as tincture of iodine. It is a powerful antiseptic.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
-
Antiseptics can be safely applied to the living tissues.
-
Antiseptics can be incorporated into deodorants, face powders and soaps.
-
Disinfectants can also be applied to the skin safely.
-
A very dilute solution of a few disinfectants can be used as antiseptics.
Disinfectants are harmful to the living tissues hence they are not applied to the skin.
Antiseptic chloroxylenol is:
-
$4$ - chloro $3, 5 $ - dimethylphenol
-
$3$ - chloro $3, 5 $ - dimethylphenol
-
$4$ - chloro $2, 5 $ - dimethylphenol
-
$5$ - chloro $3, 4 $ - dimethylphenol
Chloroxylenol also known as para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and cleaning surgical instruments. Its chemical names are given as 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol.
The formulation of dettol contains:
-
chloroxylenol
-
terpineol
-
Isopropyl alcohol
-
all of these.
Dettol contains Chloroxylenol (comprises of 4.8% of dettol's total admixture) which is an antiseptic and disinfectant used for skin disinfection and cleaning surgical instruments, Terpineol which is a monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petotgrain oil. and isopropyl alcohol.
A drug which is effective in curing malaria is:
-
aspirin.
-
quinine.
-
morphine.
-
analgin.
- An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria (antibacterial drugs), fungi (antifungal agents), virus (antiviral agents), or other parasites (antiparasitic drugs) selectively.
- Malaria is a viral disease and caused by female anopheles mosquito. The drugs which are used to cure malaria are quinine,,Hydroxychloroquine Mefloquine etc.
Which of the following can be used as an analgesic without causing addiction?
-
Morphine
-
Aspirin
-
Heroin
-
Codeine
Which of the following antibiotics is bactericidal?
-
Erythromycin
-
Tetracycline
-
Penicillin
-
Chloramphenicol
- An antibiotic refers to a substance produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth or destroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes.
- Antibiotics have either cidal (killing) effect or a static (inhibitory) effect on microbes.
- Bactericidal-Penicillin,Aminoglycosides,Ofloxacin
- Bacteriostatic-Erythromycin,Tetracycline,Chloramphenicol
- Ampicillin and Amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins. These have broad spectrum. It is absolutely essential to test the patients for sensitivity (allergy) to penicillin before it is administered
Antiseptic are the chemical which either ___orthe growth of microorganisms and are applied to the ___.
-
kill, prevent, living tissues
-
kill, prevent, non-living objects
-
increase, decrease, living tissues
-
kill, increase, non-living tissues
- Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
- Antiseptics helps to kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
- Examples are furacine, soframicine, etc.
- Commonly used antiseptic, dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol. Bithionol (the compound is also called bithional) is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties. Iodine is a powerful antiseptic.
- Its 2-3 per cent solution in alcoholwater mixture is known as tincture of iodine. It is applied on wounds.
- Iodoform is also used as an antiseptic for wounds.
-
Boric acid in dilute aqueous solution is weak antiseptic for eyes.
Which of the following is not true about antifertility drugs?
-
Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
-
Both compounds i.e.estrogen and progesterone are vitamins.
-
Progesterone is supposed to suppress ovulation.
-
Norethindrone is an example of synthetic progesterone derivative.
Estrogen and progesterone are hormones.
The main constituents of dettol are:
-
chloramphenicol and glycerol
-
2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol
-
0.2% solution of phenol
-
chloroxylenol and terpineol
Which of the following statements is not correct about penicillin?
-
Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum.
-
It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.
-
Ampicillin and amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins.
-
It has bacteriostatic effect.
-
The real revolution in antibacterial therapy began with the discovery of Alexander Fleming in 1929, of the antibacterial properties of a Penicillium fungus. It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.
- Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins. These have broad spectrum. It is absolutely essential to test the patients for sensitivity (allergy) to penicillin before it is administered.
- Antibiotics have either cidal (killing) effect or a static (inhibitory) effect on microbes. Penicillin has Bactericidal effect.
Which statement about aspirin is not true?
-
Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
-
It is effective in relieving pain.
-
It has antiblood clotting action.
-
It is neurologically active drug.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
-
Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.
-
Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.
-
Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
-
Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
- Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. These are not ingested like antibiotics.
- Bithionol (also called bithional) is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties.
- Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs which are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
- Same substances can act as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant by varying the concentration. For example, 0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one per cent solution is disinfectant.
- Hence, option D is the wrong option.
Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibiotic?
-
Penicillin G
-
Chloramphenicol
-
Streptomycin
-
Ampicillin
Since, Chloramphenicol functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, the drug chloramphenicol has a very broad spectrum of activity. It is active against gram-positive bacteria (including most strains of MRSA), gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes.
Which of the following is an insecticide?
-
Aspirin
-
Lindane
-
DDT
-
Both B and C
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an organo chlorine insecticide, which is a colourless, crystalline solid, tasteless and almost odorless chemical compound.
Among the following statements, which one is not correct?
-
Aspirin is both an analgesic and an antipyretic.
-
Ampicillin is a natural antibiotic.
-
Sulphadiazine is a synthetic antibacterial.
-
Some disinfectants can be used as antiseptics
at low concentration.
Ampicillin is a beta-lactum antibiotic that is part of the amino penicillin family and is roughly equivalent to its successor, amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity. It is not a natural antibiotic.
The class of drugs used for the treatment of cut or wound is:
-
tranquilizers
-
antiseptics
-
antihistamins
-
antipyretic
Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
Which of the following are synthetic antimicrobial chemicals, consumed by humans?
-
Insulin
-
Sulphadiazine
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Penicillin
Sulphadiazine and penicillin are the synthetic antimicrobial chemicals consumed by humans. Insulin and hydrochloric acid are produced by the body.
It is found in such as which cause cholera and typhoid ?
-
Nutrients
-
Bacteria
-
Inorganic impurities
-
Other microbes
Cholera is caused by vibriocholerae bacteria and typhoid is caused by salmonella typhi bacteria.
Which of the following is used as antiseptic?
-
Tincture of iodine
-
Equanil
-
Heroin
-
Histamine
Antiseptics are antimicrobials applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
Tincture of iodine is used as antiseptic on wounds.
Equanil is a tranquilizer.
Histamine is a antacid.
Heroin is a analgesic.
The first anti-microbial to be discovered is:
-
Soframicin
-
Pencillin
-
Oflaxacin
-
Terpineol
An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, virus, or other parasites selectively, and inhibit their pathogenic actions.
Alexander Fleming was the first to discover a natural antimicrobial fungus known as Penicillium rubens. The substance he extracted from the fungus was named Penicillin.
Which of the following is an antiseptic?
-
Penicillin
-
Aminoglycosides
-
Ofloxacin
-
Soframicin
Anti-microbials are classified as:
1. Anti-biotics
2. Antiseptics
3. Disinfectants
Antiseptics are anti-microbials which are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
Soframicin is an antiseptic.
All the other compounds given are antibiotics.
What was the idea of Paul Ehrlich?
-
Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
-
Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, cannot be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
-
Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the guest, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
-
Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria also the guest, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
Following was the idea of Paul Ehrlich.
Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
Paul Ehrlich was a German Bacteriologist. He prepared compounds containing arsenic for treating syphilis. In 1908, he got the Nobel Prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria.
He also worked on azo dyes containing $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in salvarsan, and prepared antibiotic protonsil.
The drug which is used to cure diseases caused by microbes or microorganisms is called as an:
-
antibiotic
-
antimicrobial
-
antifungal
-
none of these
The drug which is used to cure diseases caused by microbes or microorganisms is called as an antimicrobial. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and virus cause variety of diseases in human beings. Antimicrobials kill or stop the growth of these microorganisms.
Salvarsan is the medicine used for which disease?
-
Maleria
-
Syphilis
-
Acidity
-
all of these
Salvarsan is the medicine used for Syphilis. It is also called arsphenamine.
It was the first antibacterial, discovered by Paul Ehrlich (a German Bacteriologist). In 1908, he got the Nobel Prize for discovering arsphenamine (Salvarsan).
Antimicrobials are effective on which kind of organisms?
-
Bacteria
-
Viruses
-
Fungi
-
all of these
Antimicrobials are effective on all bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and virus causes variety of diseases in human beings. Antimicrobials kill or stop the growth of these microorganisms.
In which year Paul Ehrlich got the Noble Prize for medicine?
-
1980
-
1908
-
1907
-
1478
In the year 1908, Paul Ehrlich (a German Bacteriologist) got the Noble Prize for medicine for discovering arsphenamine (Salvarsan). It was the first antibacterial discovered by Paul Ehrlich, used for the cure of Syphilis.
Paul Ehrlich promoted which activity in chemists?
-
Studying the relationship between structure and metabolism.
-
Studying the relationship between structure and reaction.
-
Studying the relationship between structure and mechanism.
-
Studying the relationship between structure and activity.
Paul Ehrlich promoted chemists "to study the relationship between structure and activity".
He himself worked on azo dyes, containing $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in Salvarsan.
Which was the first antibacterial discovered by Paul Ehrlich?
-
Salvarsan
-
Syphilis
-
Codeine
-
None of these
The first antibacterial discovered by Paul Ehrlich (a german bacteriologist) was Salvarsan (also called arsphenamine).
In 1908, he got Nobel prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria.
In 1932, which medicine was prepared by Paul Ehrlich?
-
Sulpha drug
-
Prontosil
-
azodye
-
none of these
In 1932, Paul Ehrlich prepared antibiotic Prontosil.
Prontosil contains $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in Salvarsan. In human body, the sulpha drug prontosil gets converted into sulphanilamide.
Which hormone suppresses ovulation in women?
-
Progesterone
-
Estrogen
-
Chloroxylenol
-
Prontosils
Women commonly take progesterone to help start menstrual periods that unexpectedly stopped, treat abnormal uterine bleeding associated with hormonal imbalance, and treat severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Progesterone is also used in combination with the hormone estrogen to "oppose estrogen" as part of hormone replacement therapy. If estrogen is given without progesterone, estrogen increases the risk of uterine cancer.
Antimicrobials affect on which type of microorganisms?
-
Bacteria
-
Viruses
-
Fungi
-
all of these
The chemical substances used to cure diseases caused by microbes or microorganism such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., are called antimicrobials.
Antimicrobial drugs that are derived from the natural processes of some microorganisms and that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms, are specifically known as:
-
synthetic drugs
-
chemotherapeutic drugs
-
antibiotics
-
prophylactic drugs
Antimicrobial drugs are derived from the natural process of some micro organism that can inhibit or destroy other micro organism are known as antibiotics.
During sewage treatment, biogases are produced which include :
-
methane, hydrogensulphide, carbon dioxide
-
methane, oxygen, hydrogensulphide
-
hydrogensulphide, methane, sulphur dioxide
-
hydrogensulphide, nitrogen, methane
During sewage treatment in secondary treatment the biogas is produced in anaerotric sludge digestor have anaerobic bacteria which produce gases like $CO _2$, $H _2S$, $CH _4$
The chemical name of 'Aspirin' is :
-
benzyl salicylate
-
acetyl salicyclic acid
-
acetyl cynamide
-
tartaric acid
The chemical name of 'Aspirin' is-Acetyl salicylic acid or 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid or 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid.
Chloramines$-T$ is a:
-
Disinfectant
-
Antiseptic
-
Analgesic
-
Antipyretic
Chloramines-T is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.
Aspirin is administered in the from of a salt or in the presence of $NaHCO _3$. This is to avoid the side effect of a compound $X$ obtained during hydrolysis. Here $X$ is
-
Sulphuric acid
-
Acetic acid
-
Phenol
-
2-hydroxy benzoic acid
The antiseptic action of $CHI _3$ is due to
-
Liberation of free iodine
-
Iodoform
-
Partially due to iodine and partically due to $CHI _3$ itself
-
None of these
Which of the following statements is/are not correct?
-
Antipyretics are substances which are used to reduce the body temperature.
-
Analgesics are substance which are used to relieve pain.
-
Antiseptics and disinfectants can be used for the same purposes.
-
Antiseptics can be safely applied on living tissues.
Antiseptics and disinfectants cannot be used for the same purposes. Antiseptics are applied to living tissues whereas disinfectants are applied to non living tissues. However, both antiseptics and disinfectants kill micro organisms.
Most contraceptive pills contain:
-
norethindrone
-
ethynylestradiol
-
both A and B
-
equanil
1% Phenol is used as
-
Disinfectant
-
Antiseptic
-
Antifertility drug
-
Artificial sweetener
One per cent solution of phenol is used as a disinfectant and $0.2$ per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic so a higher concentration of the same compound is harmful to the body but can be used as a disinfectant to kill microorganisms on the non-living thing.
Which of the following is an insecticide?
-
Bakelite
-
Aspirin
-
DDT
-
TNT
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an organochlorine insecticide which is a colorless, crystalline solid, tasteless and almost odourless chemical compound.
Trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-trintrotoluene, TNT) is an extensively used explosive, which has been detected in soil and water at military sites and at munitions manufacturing and training operations.
Option C is correct.
Smallpox vaccine contains:
-
chemical medicines
-
enzymes
-
killed or dead microorganisms
-
living microorganisms
The $pK _{a}$ of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is $3.5$. The $pH$ of gastric juice in human stomach is about $2$ to $3$ and the $pH$ in the small intestine is about $8$. Aspirin will be
-
unionized in the small intestine as well as in the stomach.
-
completely ionized in the small intestine as well as in the stomach.
-
ionized in the stomach and almost unionized in the small intestine.
-
ionized in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach.
Salvarsan is an arsenic containing drug, which was first used for the treatment of:
-
Syphilis
-
Typhoid
-
Meningitis
-
Dysentery
Salvarsan was first used in the treatment of Syphilis. It was also used to treat trypanosomiasis.
Chloroquin is a drug which is used to control:
-
Pneumonia
-
Malaria
-
Pain
-
Ordinary fever
Chloroquine is a drug which is used in the treatment and prevention of Malaria. It is an aminoquinoline.
Which of the following represents a biliquid propellant?
-
Nitroglycerin + Nitrocellulose
-
$N _2O _4 +$ acrylic rubber
-
$N _2O _4 +$ Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
-
Polybutadiene + Ammonium perchlorate
-
None of the above
Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is:
-
sodium lauryl sulphate.
-
sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
-
rosin.
-
bithionol.
A) Sodium lauryl sulphate - Used in detergents. Common component of cleansing products.
Compound with antiseptic properties are:
-
$CHCl _3$
-
$CHI _3$
-
$ Boric$ $acid $
-
$0.3$ $ppm $ $Cl _2$
Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
-
Sulphapyridine
-
Prontosil
-
Salvarsan
-
Nardil
Chloramine-T is a
-
disinfectant
-
antiseptic
-
analgesic
-
antipyretics
Chloramine –T is a disinfectant and an allergen. It is an organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.
Difluorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDFT) is a/an:
-
refrigerant
-
fungicide
-
plastic
-
antiseptic
Difluorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDFT), similar to DDT, is used as a fungicide.
Which one of the following is used as a disinfectant in water treatment?
-
Alum
-
Charcoal
-
Kieselguhr
-
Potassium permanganate
Water disinfection means removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated resulting in termination of growth and reproduction.
What are used to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria?
-
Antiseptics
-
Antipyretic
-
Antidiuretic
-
Antibiotic
Formalin is the other name for:
-
formic acid
-
40% solution of formaldehyde
-
chloroform
-
lodoform
Examples of antiseptics are:
-
chlorine water
-
iodine tincture
-
formalin
-
iodoform
These antiseptics can also be used as disinfectants, which depends on the concentration of the compound.
-
True
-
False
Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects.
Which of the following are natural antimicrobial chemicals secreted by the body?
-
Lactic acid
-
Urea
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Lysozyme
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills micro-organisms or inhibits their growth.
It is found in such as which cause dysentery?
-
Other microbes
-
Bacteria
-
Nutrients
-
Inorganic impurities
Dysentery can be caused by bacteria, virus, or other parasites which cause inflammation of intestines accompanied by bloody diarrhoea.
Chloramine-T is a:
-
disinfectant
-
antiseptic
-
analgesic
-
antipyretic
Antiseptics drugs cause destruction of micro organisms, which produce septic diseases, eg. dettol, savlon, acriflavin, boric acid, phenol, iodoform, $KMn{O} _{4}$ and some dyes such as chloramine-T, methylene blue.
Chloramine-T is used as:
-
antipyretic
-
analgestic
-
antiseptic
-
disinfectant
Chloramine-T is antiseptic. Chemically it is sodium salt of p-toluene sulphonamide.
The oxidant which is used as an antiseptic is.
-
$PbBr{ O } _{ 3 }$
-
$KBr{ O } _{ 3 }$
-
$Cr{ O } _{ 3 }$
-
$KN{ O } _{ 3 }$
$KMn{O} _{4}$ is a powerful oxidising agent in all mediums and it is used as an antiseptic.
_________ tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria ,fungi, virus, or other parasites selectively.
-
Histamine
-
Antibiotic
-
Antiseptic
-
Disinfectant
An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria (antibacterial drugs), fungi (antifungal agents), virus (antiviral agents), or other parasites (antiparasitic drugs) selectively. Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
Sulphanilamide is a/an:
-
sulpha drug
-
antibiotic drug
-
disinfectant
-
antacid
Antibiotics containing chemicals called sulfonamides are called suplha drugs.
In the body, prontosilis converted to a compound called sulphanilamide, which is the real active compound as antibacterial agent.
_______ are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
-
Disinfectants
-
Antiseptics
-
Antacids
-
Antibiotics
Antiseptics and disinfectants are the chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Disinfectants are for non-living things while antiseptics are for living tissues.
Soframicine is a/an:
-
antiseptic
-
disinfectant
-
antifertility drug
-
anti-histamine
Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Examples are furacine, soframicine, etc.
Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm in aqueous solution, mixed with sulphur dioxide in very low concentrations, form _______.
-
disinfectants
-
antibiotics
-
antiseptics
-
none of the above
Antiseptics acts as disinfectants at low concentration of solution.
Who was Paul Ehrlich?
-
Bacteriologist
-
Chemist
-
Botanist
-
None of these
Paul Ehrlich was a German Bacteriologist. He prepared compounds containing arsenic for treating syphilis. In 1908, he got the Nobel Prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria. He also worked on azo dyes containing $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in salvarsan, and prepared antibiotic protonsil.
Which type of organisms are called as pathogens?
-
The organisms which cause a disease .
-
The organisms which cause weakness .
-
The organisms which cause an infection .
-
none of these
Pathogens are the type of organisms which cause diseases, by attacking on the defense mechanism of body.
Protonsil is converted to a compound called:
-
sulphapyridine
-
arsphenamine
-
salvarsan
-
sulphanilamide
Protonsil also called as sulfamido chrysoine is first synthetic drug used in treatment of general bacterial infections in humans. Protonsil converts into sulfoamide in the body which prevent bacterial infection.
The greatest number of antimicrobic allergies is reported for which drug?
-
Sulfonamides
-
Quinolones
-
Tetracycline
-
Penicillin
Penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold.In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming first observed that colonies of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those area of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold Penicillium notatum.The greatest number of antimicrobic allergies is also reported for Penicillins
Which antibacterial drug does not inhibit protein synthesis?
-
Tetracycline
-
Penicillin
-
Chloramphenicol
-
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol interact acts with SOS subunit, of ribosome and prevents the formation of peptide bonds when chloramphenicol is around, amino acid beads can't be linked together into polypeptide strings.
Drugs, that affect the bacterial cell wall, are active only against what type of cells?
-
Gram negative
-
Young, actively growing
-
Dormant
-
Gram variable
Drugs affect the bacterial cell wall which is made of phospholipids. These drugs are active against young and actively growing bacteria.
Which of the following statements is accurate in explaining why Gram negative bacteria are generally more resistant to penicillins than Gram positive bacteria?
-
Gram negative bacteria have a thicker cell wall
-
Gram negative bacteria have an outer hydrophilic membrane that acts as an extra barrier
-
Gram negative bacteria can concentrate $\beta$-lactamase enzymes in the periplasmic space
-
Gram negative bacteria produce smaller quantities of transpeptidase enzyme
Gram negative bacteria can concentrate $\beta$-lactamase enzymes in the perplasmic space between the cell wall and the outer membrane. Some Gram positive bacteria can produce $\beta$-lactamase enzyme, but these enzymes diffuse away from the cell because there is no outer membrane to trap them . Thus, they are less effective than $\beta$-lactamases produced by Gram negative bacteria.
The golden age of antibiotics began in 1928 with Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of an antibacterial compound he called:
-
salvarsan
-
arsenic
-
sulfonamide
-
penicillin
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins, and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from Penicillium fungi.
Birth control pills as antifertility drugs, essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and _____________ hormones.
-
protonsil
-
progesterone derivative
-
chloroxylenol
-
quaternary ammonium salt
Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones that are associated with ovulation and menstruation in females. Besides this, both play important role in pregnancy.
The birth control pills are which kind of drug?
-
analgesics
-
tranquilizers
-
sulphapyridine
-
antifertility
Antifertility agents are drugs that control fertility and are also called oral contraceptives. These drugs affect and are involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation in females. Estrogen and progesterone in combined form are given as birth control pills. The antifertility substance is deemed to be active in females when it prevents fertilization, prevent ovulation, implantation, and destroys the zygote or causes abortion.
The estrogen derivative which is used in combination with progesterone derivative is __________.
-
Novestrol
-
Dysidazirine
-
Chloramphenicol
-
Amoxycillin
Ethinylestradiol (Novestrol) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins. It is also occasionally used as a component of menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in combination with progestins.
Most widely used antifertility drug is:
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vancomycin
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ranitidine
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norethindrone
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none of these
Norethindrone is a synthetic progesterone most commonly used antifertility drugs. A chemical substance which is used to check pregnancy in women is called antifertility drug.
Which of the following are the antispasmodics?
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Dicycloverine
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Atropine
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Propantheline
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All the above
Alverine and Mebeverine drugs belong to which class of antispasmodics?
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Antimuscarinics
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Smooth muscle relaxants
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A,B
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None of the above
There are two main types of anti plasmodics, as follows. Antimuscarinics such as Dicycloverine, Hyoscine, Atropine and Propantheline
Smooth muscle relaxants such as Alverine, Mebeverine and Peppermint oil Hence option B is correct
Lysine is used as:
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disinfectant
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germ killer
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treating eye disease
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anti-cancer drug
Lysine is used for treating eye disease and as an anti-cancer drug because it is a nutritional supplement containing the biologically active L-isomer of the essential amino acid lysine, with potential anti-mucositis activity.
People use it to make medicine, also used for preventing and treating cold sores.
$2\%$ solution of phenol works as:
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Analgesic
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Antiseptic
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Antibiotic
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Antiviral
Refer to the given paragraph and answer the following question. Plant P is the only source of food for the caterpillars of a butterfly species, Q. Plant P depends on the adults of the butterfly species Q for pollination. Infact, animal Q is the only pollinator of plant P in nature. Animal R feeds exclusively on the caterpillars of the butterfly species, Q. Animal R In turn is the prey of animal S. Which of the following is likely to happen if animal S is hunted to extinction?
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Animal R wit continuously feed on animal Q which may lead to coex-tinction of both P and Q with time.
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The populations of both animals Q and R will increase, however the population of plant P will decrease with time.
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Population of animal R will Increase while population of animal Q will decrease with time.
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Both (A) and (C)
According to the given paragraph. P and Q show mutual relationship, i.e. if Q will extinct then it will lead to extinction of Pas well and vice versa. If animal S is hunted to extinction, then population of animal R will start increasing abnormally in the absence of its predator. This uncontrolled growing population of R will feed more on Q population which may ultimately lead to Its extinction with time. As both P and Q depend on each other for existence hence, P population will start decreasing and ultimately get extinct with time.
Formalin is a powerful :
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preservative and disinfectant
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bleaching and whitening agent
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painkiller
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deodorant
It is used in tanning, preserving, and embalming and as a germicide, fungicide, and insecticide for plants and vegetables, but its largest applications is in the production of certain polymeric materials.
Aspirin, a drug for curing headaches and pain is:
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pyridine
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acetylsalicylic acid
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anthraquinone
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benzaldehyde
(B) acetylsalicylic acid
__________ is a disinfectant and is used for the preservation of zoological samples.
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Formaldehyde
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Acetic acid
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Ketone
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Alcohol
Formaldehyde in its aqueous solution called formalin (40% formaldehyde) is used as a disinfectant and for preserving the samples in labs.
Which of the following solution is used as washing solution for eyes to free them from microorganisms?
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$1\%$ Phenol solution
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$2-3\%$ Iodine solution
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$0.2\%$ Phenol solution
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Dilute aqueous solution of Boric acid
Boric acid is the active ingredient contained in some brands of multipurpose contact lens cleaning solutions. Like hydrogen peroxide, boric acid is a disinfectant and anti-fungal agent used in contact lens solutions to prevent the growth of microorganisms on the eye.
Antiseptics are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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True
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False
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Either
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Neither
Chemotherapeutic agents are drugs, primarily antibiotics, that are taken internally to fight/kill microbes, whereas antiseptics are chemicals that are applied to skin and tissue directly to fight/kill microbes.
Which of the following is incorrect for benefits of antifertility drugs?
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They cause no interference in sexual activities and risk of pregnancy is reduced.
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The chance of cancer in uterus is increased if the pills are taken in long term dose.
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They can be taken immediately after childbirth.
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They might cause reduction in menstrual bleeding.
These drugs generally do not have many side effects, weight gain is the only issue know to be reported. These drugs are very useful if taken in the in the proper dose, following are its significant benefits: