Solar panel refers either to a photovoltaic module, a solar hot water panel, or to a set of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications.

In the box type solar cooker, the heat from the sunlight is used to cook the food.

Solar water heater works on solar radiation falling on it. It requires solar light for generating enough heat to heat water. During cloudy days, Sun is obstructed by clouds, and the light incident of the solar panels will be inefficient to make the heater work.

Solar heating device first converts heat energy of Sun to heat up a substance, which is then converted to electrical energy.

Solar panel uses multiple solar cells to increase electricity produced by the system.

Solar panel uses multiple cells to add up electricity output from the system.

Solar cell converts light energy of sun into electrical energy.

Solar cells have access only to the solar energy and chemical energy (battery embedded in satellite system). However, chemical energy is limited. Hence, solar energy is the standard source of energy used in satellites.

Group of solar cells is called solar panel.

Solar cell produces pure electricity with no waste products and is environment friendly. 

When light energy is incident on Si, it is converted to electricity by the principle of photovoltaic effect. GaAs, InP are other materials with similar property. 

The cost of solar cells is reducing exponentially.

Solar energy production on a large scale is difficult on a large scale because:

Black surfaces are good absorbers and good radiators of heat and hence painting the surface black traps more heat and improves the efficiency of solar cooker.

The reflector on the top of the solar cooker is used to focus the solar energy over the glass surface. The mirror reflects the heat energy in a confined area and increases the net input energy to the solar cooker.

Solar cells are fitted on a scientific calculator.

Production of solar cells is increasing exponentially every year.

Solar cell works on the principle of photovoltaic effect according to which free electrons are produced when light of certain wavelength is incident on semiconductors.

Rotation of Earth about the Sun causes the position of Sun to change during the day. Hence, the mirror on the top of the solar cooker needs adjusting during the day to focus the rays in a small area.

Solar cooker is a device used to collect the solar energy in the form of heat.

To improve the efficiency of a solar cooker, the following steps need to be done:

Solar cooker is a device that uses energy from the Sun directly to cook food or warm fluids.

Concave or plain mirror are used on the top cover of the cooker. Light get reflected from these mirrors, these mirrors concentrates the light onto a point or a region where the food is kept to be cooked.

Concave or plain mirror is used in the solar cooker in order to concentrate the sunlight at one spot.

Interior of the solar cooker is painted black inorder to absorb maximum of the Sun's light falling on the device.

Solar panel is a very useful device. Some of its major advantages are:

Solar devices are dependent on the sunlight for the generation of electricity. For the solar device to work efficiently, sunlight with good intensity should be available. Sunlight is weak during cloudy and rainy days. 

Solar panels are used to convert light (from solar energy) into electricity.

Solar panels can be used in calculators and battery operated toys, in satellites and Mars probes to provide them with energy to function in outer space by using the Sun's rays, can be used in traffic signals etc.

Solar panels are dependent on the sunlight for the generation of electricity. For the solar panels to work efficiently, sunlight with good intensity should be available to fall on the panels. Sunlight is weak during cloudy and rainy days. Hence, solar panels cannot produce energy throughout the year.

Solar constant is defined as the mean amount of the solar energy received by the Earth's atmosphere, per unit of the area, during the time when the Earth is at the mean distance from the Sun. Solar constant equals to 1388 watts per square meter.

Solar cells are devices that converts Sun's radiation energy into electricity. Solar cells contains a semiconductor. Silicon is a good semiconductor that can be used for the production of solar cells.

A solar water heater cannot be used to get hot water on a cloudy day as there is no Sun which is necessary for the working of solar water heater.

In parabolic solar cooker, the container of cooking is placed at the focal point of mirror so that all rays that are falling on solar cooker can converge to one point and produce large amount of heat energy.

The device used in traffic signal lights is Solar traffic light. are signalling devices powered by solar panels positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control the flows of traffic. 

Water always flow due to pressure difference generated by heat in solar cooker.

1. Clean the glass cover regularly .
   2.Prevent nay shade of the collector.
   3. Be economical with the use of water.
   4.Run the hot water slowly ; this will avoid the mixing of hot and cold water in the storage tank.
   5.Set the thermostat of the electrical backup as low as is comfortable.
   
   
   So this what you have to do to maintain your solar cooker as you can see it will require very less cost for maintenance.

The box contains copper tubes  bent in the form of a coil (zig-zag shape). This is done to increase the surface area  for absorbing heat.

Silver is the metal which is used for connecting wires that connect solar cells in a solar panel, due to its large conductivity.

Solar cell use light energy from photons (basic unit of light energy) and convert it to electricity using semiconductor physics.

The total surface area of solar cells on which solar energy is falling = area of each cell $\times$ number of cells $= 4 \times 3000 {cm}^{2} = 1.2  {m}^{2}$
The solar energy falling on 3000 cells 
${Q} _{1} = 1.2 \times 640  J = 768  J$
The energy converted into electric energy $= \displaystyle\frac{20}{100} \times 768 = 153.6  J$
The electric energy generated in one second is $153.6  J$

No On cloudy day solar cooker did not get sufficient amount of sunlight to produce heat energy for cooking.

If we did not adjust the parabolic mirror in solar cooker according the  movement of sun then all ray of sunlight cannot converge at one point .hence  with time we will get lesser amount of heat energy.

Output of solar cell occurs at a constant voltage. Using a group of solar cells in the solar panel increases the amount of current produced. Also, as area is increased more solar energy is captured and more electrical energy is produced.

 Solar energy systems/power plants do not produce air pollution, water poullution, or greenhouse gases. ... However, some toxic materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.

Among all colour black is the best absorber for heat  so outer surface of copper tube is coloured with black.

The internal energy of 1 mole of an ideal gas at temperature $T$ , having $f$ degrees of freedom is given by ,

Thermal power plants required coal and oil, which they burn to generate the required power. Since transmission of electricity is more efficient than transporting coal or oil over the same distance,  So thermal power plants are generally located near coal fields.

Dhuvaran Thermal Power Station is an Oil and Gas power plant located at Khambhat in Anand district, Gujarat. The power plant is under ownership of state owned Gujarat state Electricity limited.This was the first power plant of Gujarat Electricity Board, the parent company of Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited.

The largest Thermal power plant to the date in India is Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Plant (VSTPP). It has an installed capacity of 4760MW with 6 units of 210 MW and 7 units of 500MW. 

Talcher Thermal Power station is located in Talcher sub-division of Angul district in the Indian state of Odisha. The power plant is one of the Coal based plants of NTPC. The coal for the power plant is sourced from Jagannath Mines of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited.

Satpura Thermal Power Plant is located at Sarni town in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The power plant is one of the coal-based power plants of Madhya Pradesh Power Generation Company Limited (MPPGCL). 

Thermal electricity is generated by using coal, petroleum and natural gas. The thermal power stations use non-renewable fossil fuels for generating electricity. There are over 310 thermal power plants in India.

In modern times the biggest environmental threat to mankind is nuclear pollution as the effects of radiation pollution cannot be repaired or reversed. 

Dr. Homi Jhehangir Bhabha was the first Indian scientist who initiated to set nuclear reactors in India. He is also known as the ''Father of Nuclear Science".

Accidental leakage in Chernobyl nuclear power plant occur in April 26, 1986. Due to this high level radiation is get leaked out which cause long term health impact eg cancer and body deformation.

A nuclear reactor coolant is used to remove heat from the nuclear reactor core and transfer it to electrical generator which produce electricity. All the nuclear power plant use water as a coolant under high pressure. water is non radioactive material so there is low level of radioactive waste in coolant. 

Nuclear waste is a very big problem in nuclear power plant due to the emission of harmful radiation which causes mutation in living organisms. Another problem facing in nuclear waste is the disposal of it because disposal is done in very deep in the oceans and there is the risk of leakage of radiation which is harmful to aquatic life also.

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. The heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity.  The high temperature produced during a nuclear reaction causes thermal pollution thereby affecting the life forms. Radiations are continuously released by radioactive waste produced by these power plants that affect mankind for generations making it hazardous. Thus the correct answer is option D. 

Tidal energy, wind energy and solar energy are non-polluting sources of energy. They do not harm the environment. Nuclear energy is obtained by fission reaction carried out in nuclear reactors. Dumping of radioactive wastes generated during energy production using nuclear reaction causes serious environmental hazards making it non-ecofriendly. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Chernobyl is located in Ukraine. In April 1986, power reactor in Chernobyl burst due to over heating causing leakage of radioactive substances and radiations.

Some thermal power stations exchange 60 to 70% of their thermal energy by cycling with a body of water or by evaporating water through a cooling tower. 

Before disposal of high level of radioactive waste which is very harmful for living organism, there is procedure to dispose it.