In the 16th century enclosures proceeded slowly and were created by individual landlord with the intention to promote sheep farming. In the 18th century, unlike the 16th century, there was a frantic effort to enclose lands, signifying changing times. Land was enclosed to promote grain production. Hence, Option A is correct.

The process of enclosure was sometimes accompanied by force, resistance, and bloodshed, and remains among the most controversial areas of agricultural and economic history in England. Marxist historians argue that rich landowners used their control of state processes to appropriate public land for their private benefit. Enclosures were now seen as important for making long-term investments on land and for planning crop rotations to improve the soil. Enclosures also helped rich landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market. Hence, Option A is correct.

Mines and Collieries Act 1842 (c. 99), commonly known as the Mines Act 1842, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act prohibited female labour as well as the employment of boys under ten years old in coal mines. It was a response to the working conditions of children revealed in the Children's Employment Commission (Mines) 1842 report. The Commission was headed by Lord Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. An inspector of mines was first appointed in 1843 under an Act of 1842. This Act prohibited payment by truck and the employment of women and girls and regulated the employment of boys in mines and collieries. The inspector had no powers to inspect the construction or safety of mines until the passage of the Coal Mines Inspection Act 1850. The 1842 Mines Act had not dealt specifically with safety in mines, and only one Inspector (H.S. Tremenheere) had been appointed as a result, with only limited powers under the Act. Hence, Option A is correct. Four inspectors were appointed by The 1850 Coal Mines Inspection Act. The rest of the numbers are not mentioned in the acts, hence, incorrect. 

Poor nutrition, disease, lack of sanitation, and harmful medical care in these urban areas had a devastating effect on the average life expectancy of British people in the first half of the 19th century. The Registrar General reported in 1841 that the average life expectancy for labourers in urban areas were 15 in Liverpool, 19 in Leeds, 39 in Rutland and 17 in Manchester. Hence, Option A is correct. In rural areas of England it  was 40 years of age but was only 35 in London and an alarming 25 in Haley. Since the rest of the figures correspond to rural population, and not urban labourers, hence, these are incorrect. 

For the poorer farmers, machines brought misery. Many of them bought these machines, imagining that wheat prices would remain high and profits would flow in. If they had no money, the banks offered loans. Those who borrowed found it difficult to pay back their debts. Many of them deserted their farms and looked for jobs elsewhere. 

Between 1852 and 1923, the world would see four more cholera pandemics. The third pandemic, stretching 1852–1859, was the deadliest. It devastated Asia, Europe, North America and Africa, killing 23,000 people in Great Britain alone in 1854, the worst single year of cholera. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest timelines, in 1873-74, the fourth epidemic occurred in Hungary. And the fifth spanned 1892-93. Hence, these are incorrect. 

The Factory Act of 1833, passed after Sadler had left Parliament, restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12. Sadler's health was fatally impaired by his strenuous work with the committee.The Factory Act of 1833, passed after Sadler had left Parliament, restricted the working day in textile mills to 12 hours for persons aged 13 through 17, and 8 hours for those aged 9 through 12. Sadler's health was fatally impaired by his strenuous work with the committee. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest, none of the dates correspond to the bill being passed, hence, incorrect.

An economic system which is based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit is known as capitalism. The maximization of profit is the main motive of the producer. Profit guides the production in this type of economy. There is no interference of government in the economic activities of the economy. This means producers and consumers are free to take decisions. 

Haves meant the rich people, those who had land, labour and capital. It comprised of the industrialists, capitalists, big landholders, etc. 

Cottage industries could not compete with the factories and they met their natural death in the course of time. The establishment of factories saw the rise of many new industrial towns like Manchester, Lancashire, Birmingham and Sheffield. 

Spontaneity .. rigidity.

The industrial revolution changed the economic face of England. England became the most advanced country in the world. It developed its trade relations and this increased the national income. The establishment of factories saw the rise of many new industrial towns like Manchester, Lancashire, Birmingham and Sheffield. 

Capitalism involves mass production of goods. Capitalism is an economic system in which capital goods are owned by private individuals or businesses. Capitalism was born out of the mass production of goods which led the owners of the big industries to amass wealth. 

The overcrowded towns lacked sanitary amenities. Air, water and noise pollution affected the health of the people. People's respiratory system was affected because of air pollution. Due to the outcome of poisonous gases from some of the factories, many people died. Unhygienic and dirty water from industries polluted water and people suffered from diarrhoea, gastro and jaundice. City vehicles and sound of machinery caused sound pollution and men became deaf permanently. 

The invention of machinery and its use in manufacturing was the starting point of industrial revolution. England had a large colonial empire. From her colonies, she could get raw material at cheaper rates for her factories. She had a big market for her products. England's geographical position was suitable for world trade. The world was accessible to England by ships. After the Napoleonic wars, no European country could get on without British goods and this increased the demand for British goods. 

• Karl Marx and Frederick Engels developed the idea of Communism.
• They lived in England during the Industrial revolution and distributed their communist theories so as to replace the capitalist world.

Denounced.

Communism called for the violent overthrow of those in power and did not protect private property.

Socialism is a the set of beliefs that states that all people are equal and should share equally in a country's money, or the political systems based on these beliefs. It had many causes like daunting evils of capitalism, trade union movement wanting their identity and worth also the ch artist movement.

Socialism calls for public ownership rather than private control of property and natural resources. According to the socialist view, individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another. Further, everything that people produce is a social product, and everyone who contributes to the production of a
good has a right to share it. Therefore, society, as a whole, should own or control property for the benefit of all its members.

 Socialism means collective  ownership of the means of production. It stands for a democratically controlled economy and abolition of private ownership of land and industry. It was against the exploitation of man by man and fought for equal rights of all.