A cultivator with a land holding of 1 hectare or less than 2.5 acres is known as medium farmer. According to the government law, these farmers are not poor.

The majority of elderly people in India face financial hardship because of one or both of the following reasons. Either most of them are no longer earning any income or their savings are inadequate to cover the cost of living, particularly medical care.

Option (a) states that 'democracy has ceased to be a liberating force'. Thus , option (a) fails to convey the meaning implied in the argument and is incorrect.

In India, the norm for calorie intake is 2,400 calories in rural areas and 2,200 in urban areas.

This is because the rural people are engaged in the more physical labour than the people in the urban areas.

Lack of shelter or homelessness is a complex social problem in India with a variety of underlying economic and social factors such as poverty, lack of affordable housing, uncertain physical and mental health, addictions, and community and family breakdown.

Poverty is one of the main causes which prohibit the people of society to live a dignified life and hence it deprives the access of the basic needs like education, health, food, clothing, housing etc. to the person.

This applies universally to all the countries in the world.

The poverty line is calculated based on the caloric requirements of adults (working class) in rural and urban areas. In rural areas it is 2400 calories and in urban areas it is 2100 calories. The poverty line is estimated periodically (normally every five years) by conducting sample surveys. These surveys are carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). However, for making comparisons between developing countries, many international organisations like the World Bank use a uniform standard for the poverty line: minimum availability of the equivalent of $1 per person per day.

Uneven distribution of poverty is due to differences in social and economic infrastructure in different states.

As per the Census report, the percentage of population living Below Poverty Line is 27.5%.

Agriculture and allied fields like dairy, fisheries, animal husbandry are a major source of employment in Punjab and Haryana. So, main living of people here depends on agriculture. With the high growth rate in agriculture, these states have succeeded in reducing poverty.

The 'poorest of the poor' are those who are systematically denied equal access to their family resources in rural areas. They include women, girl children and elderly people.

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) was set up in 1950, with the idea of having a permanent survey organization to collect data on various facets of the economy. In order to assist in socio-economic planning and policy making, NSSO conducts nationwide sample surveys known as National Sample Survey (NSS). The NSS is a continuing survey in the sense that it is carried out in the form of successive “rounds”, each round usually of a year's duration covering several topics of current interest. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. 

In 2004-05 there was around 21.8 percent poverty in India.

National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) conducts surveys to determine the minimum amount required by a rural or urban household to meet basic requirements and hence categorizes the population as above poverty line and below poverty line.

Till the mid-eighties the population of India living below the poverty line was declining in relative terms but increasing in absolute terms but now it is declining in absolute term also.

Absolute poverty refers to a condition where a person does not have the minimum amount of income needed to meet the minimum requirements for one or more basic living needs over an extended period of time.

The social groups most vulnerable to poverty are the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe households. Both of these groups have above average levels of poverty indicators in the rural and the urban population.

In India employing children in begging for illegal gains is an offence both legally and morally. It obstructs the development of child while ruining the future prospects for him/her. Children are being forced to work in hazardous employment which deteriorate their physical health while their intellectual development is halted by not being able to go to school at enjoy freedom at the tender age.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) was enacted by the Parliament to provide and strengthen legal provisions for the protection of children from exploitation and sexual offences. This Act recognised child as the person below the age of 18 years and provide punishment for several cognizable sexual offences against children. The act punishes even the attempt to commit any such act which comes under the definition of sexual offence. Touching body or any part thereof with sexual intent, forcing child to touch part of his or her own body or any other person, indulging child in sexual activity etc are recognised as sexual offences for the purpose of this Act.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) was enacted by the Parliament to provide and strengthen legal provisions for the protection of children from exploitation and sexual offences. This Act recognised child as the person below the age of 18 years and provide punishment for several cognizable offences against children.

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males. As per Census 2001, Sex ratio of India was 933. In the 1991 census this ratio was 927. So compared to 1991 census, the number of women per 1000 men has increased in 2001. According to latest 2011 census the sex ratio in India is 943.

Women generally live longer than males – on average by six to eight years. This difference is partly due to an inherent biological advantage for the female, but it also reflects behavioural differences between men and women. Women have lower lifetime risk behaviours such as smoking and alcohol use.

Body Mass Index is a gross estimate for the amount of fat in your body. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India. The Fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) was carried out in 2014-2015. NFHS-4 is the first survey in the NFHS series that has collected data from all 29 States and all 7 Union Territories. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. The NFHS 4 data shows high obesity among adults in India. The latest survey shows that the proportion of overweight women in India at 20.7% is only 2% points lower than the proportion of underweight women. More percentage of women have a lower BMI or are underweight  than needed compared to men.

Formation of Child Right Clubs in government as well as private schools can help in wearing children and their guardian of their rights and privilege. They can volunteer for removing child labour and sending more and more child to school.  Organisation of children Gram Sabha can effectively hear the child related issues and reach at the conclusion. The children below 18 years can without hesitation express their issues and can seek their solution at the grassroot level. Formation of Balika Sanghas in all angan wadi of the state can facilitate and provide education to girls aged 11 - 18 and can deal with several unspoken and untold issues faced by girls at this age of transition into adult.

Human trafficking is the practice of trading women, children and men for the purpose of fixed labour, slavery, sexual exploitation or otherwise. Women and children are trafficked in larger percentage than men. 

A healthy mind resides in healthy body. One should eat food rich in minerals, proteins, vitamins etc. A balanced diet is a diet which consist of proper nutrition. A proper nutritious diet keeps us healthy and fit. These are essential for development of body and in efficiently of these salts and mineral chance of occurring diseases becomes higher. If these requirement are not fulfilled it is called invisible diet.

Amartya Sen has studied the problems related to poverty and hunger in India. He is an economist and got Nobel prize for that.

China has the world's largest population of 1.4 billion. In recorded history, China was always the most populous country in the world. In 2100 BC, China's population was 4-5m almost 1/8th of the world's population at that time - 35m. In 1910 - China was close to 440m when the world's population was 1.7-1.8bn. Almost 25%.

Chronic hunger- When diet is persistently inadequate in terms of quantity or quality, it is called chronic hunger. Usually poor people suffer from chronic hunger because of their low income and as a result of their inability to buy food even for their survival.

Under Targeted Public Distribution System the following criteria are applied:-

1. Families having annual income up to Rs. 15,000 having been included in IRDP List of 1997-98.
2. None of the members of the family should be a doctor or a lawyer or an architect or a chartered accountant.
3. None of the members of the family should be a professional taxpayer, a sales taxpayer or an income taxpayer or eligible to pay such tax.
4. The family should not posses residential telephone.
5. The family should not possess four wheeler vehicle.
6. None of the family members should hold total two-hectare rainfed or one hectare semi-irrigated or 1/2 hectare irrigated (double in drought-prone talukas) land.

Poor and Poorest of the Poor people, i.e. BPL families whose total annual household income is below Rs. 25,985, based on an average household size of 5.3. Family Identity Cards (Ration Cards) have been issued to all the head of families with details of members of the family listed on the card in this category.