Characteristics of vertebrates - class-XI
Description: characteristics of vertebrates | |
Number of Questions: 69 | |
Created by: Blackmamba | |
Tags: biology classification of vertebrates animal kingdom diversity in living world living world of animals -diversity in living organism- kingdom animalia animal classification |
Common name of Petromyzon is
-
Lancet
-
Hagfish
-
Acornworm
-
Lamprey
Sea Lamprey or Petromyzon is an agnathan. It is a marine organism. It lacks jaws and resembles an eel. It has a sucker-like mouth that is involved in filter feeding. It has seven brachial openings behind its eyes. They are anadromous and are usually found at depths of around 4000 m and can tolerate temperature ranges from 1.0 and 20 °C.
Vertebrates without jaws belong to
-
Urochordata
-
Hemichordata
-
Agnatha
-
Gnathostomata
Agnathans are basically primitive jawless fishes. They include lampreys and hagfishes. They usually have soft, cylindrical bodies that lack scales. In some species, separate external gill slits are present, while they open via a single pore in others. They have a suctorial or a filter-feeding mouth and they lack jaws.
So, the correct answer is 'Agnatha'.
Which one of the following pairs of animals are jaw-less fishes?
-
Lampreys and hag fishes
-
Guppies and hag fishes
-
Lampreys and eels
-
Mackerels and rohu
The class Agnatha consists of a group of animals, that lack jaws and paired fins. There are two living groups of Agnatha, the lampreys, and the hagfish.
The type of tail seen in Cyclostomata is
-
Isocercal.
-
Homocercal.
-
Heterocercal.
-
Protocercal.
Cyclostomata is a group of chordates comprising of living jawless fishes, the lampreys, and hagfishes. Their tail is protocercal in cyclostomes, having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column. The protocercal tail is formed by the division of tail into two equal lobes supported by fins.
The jawless vertebrate is
-
Crocodile
-
Loris
-
Hyla
-
Fox
-
Petromyzon
Out of the given options, only Petromyzon is a jawless vertebrate, that is, it is an agnathan. In physical appearance, it resembles an eel. It has a sucker-like mouth that is involved in filter feeding. The rest of the examples are all gnathostomes or jawed vertebrates.
The larva of cyclostomates is known as
-
Lamprey
-
Amphioxus
-
Ascridian
-
Ammocoete
Cyclostomata is a group of chordates that comprises the living jawless fishes, the lampreys, and hagfishes. They lay numerous eggs, about 1mm in diameter and lodge in the gravel around the nest. The egg hatches into an ammocoete larva, which is a blind, worm-like animal that burrows in the slit.
Petromyzon cannot be called as fish, as
-
It lacks median fins
-
It lacks paired fins
-
It lacks an operculum
-
It has acicular mouth
In which one of the following jaws are absent?
-
Petromyzon
-
Hagfish
-
Hippocampus
-
Both A and B
Petromyzon is the sea lamprey, which lacks bony teeth and jaws. Hagfish is eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. Along with lampreys, they are jawless and are living fossils.
The lamprey is included in same taxonomic class as
-
Anolis
-
Myxine
-
Ambystoma
-
Neoceratodus
Lamprey and hagfish or Petromyzon and Myxine are both agnathans as they are jawless fishes. They are sometimes considered as the earliest vertebrates. They also lack paired fins or stomach. They have a pineal eye. The adults and larvae usually have a notochord.
Earliest jawed vertebrates were
-
Ostracoderms
-
Placoderms
-
Crossopterygians
-
Elasmobranchs
Vertebrates are the subphylum of a Chordata. Placoderms were among the first jawed fish. The jaws are considered to evolve from the gill arches. Placoderms are the extinct class of armoured prehistoric fishes, known from fossils, which lived from the Silurian to the end of the Devonian period. Their head and thorax were covered by articulated armoured plates and the rest of the body was scaled or naked.
Kidney of fish is of type ......................
-
Pronephros
-
Opisthonephros
-
Metanephros
-
Nephridia
Cyclostomes are the organisms which belong to the group of chordates. These are the jawless fishes. The group also includes the lampreys and hagfishes. They have rounded mouths that lack jaws. The water keeps on cycling through the open mouth which cannot be closed due to lack of jaws.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Lamprey (Petromyzon) is included in
-
Gnathostomata.
-
Cyclostomata.
-
Chondrichthyes.
-
Osteichthyes.
True fish possess gills and fins. Which one of the following is not a true fish?
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Carassius
-
Hythalamincthyes
-
Hippocampus
-
Lepisma
Carassius is a genus in the ray-finned fish family Cyprinidae.
Hippocampus is the name of marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus.
While Lepisma is a genus of primitive insects.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Which of the following is a jawless fish?
-
Hippocampus
-
Torpedo
-
Petromyzon
-
Mystus
The hippocampus is the name of marine fishes.
Torpedo is the group of flattened cartilaginous fishes, also called an electric ray.
Mystus is a genus of small to medium-sized bagrid catfishes.
Petromyzon is the 'sea lamprey', which is parasitic lamprey. It is a 'jawless' fish.
Which strucutres is seen cyclostomes?
-
Pineal eye
-
Jaws
-
Pectoral fin
-
All of the above
In cyclostomes, the pineal gland is a photoreceptor. The endocrine nature of the gland's function has not been definitely established. As it's activity diminishes with age, the gland turns into rudimentary organ containing mineral deposits.
The single median nostril is characteristic of
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Birds
-
Cyclostomes
-
Bony fishes
-
Protochordates
Cyclostomes are animals with a circular mouth, eel-shaped body with jaw less mouth, single median nostril and no paired fins. So, the correct answer is option B.
Petromyzon and Myxine are not regarded as true fishes, because
-
They lack unpaired fins
-
They have circular mouth
-
In them operculum is absent
-
There is absence of paired fins and jaws
Myxine is a genus of hagfish, which are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish.
Petromyzon is a parasitic lamprey found in the northern Atlantic ocean along shores of Antartica and North America, in the western Mediterranean sea and in the shores of the Great lakes. It is brown, gray, or black on its back and white or gray on the underside and can grow up to 90 cm long.
Ammocoete larva belongs to
-
Petromyzon
-
Myxine
-
Amphioxus
-
Balanoglossus
Ammocoete larva is the larval stage of the primitive jawless fish, called as the lamprey or Petromyzon. Adult lampreys spawn in rivers and then die. The young larvae, ammocoetes, spend several years in the rivers, where they live burrowed in fine sediment, filter feeding on detritus and microorganisms. Then, ammocoetes undergo a metamorphosis lasting several months.
Match the name of the animal (Column I), with one characteristics (Column II), and the phylum/class (column III) to which it belongs :
-
Column I : Petromyzon, Column II : ectoparasite, Column III : Cyclostomata
-
Column I : Ichthyophis, Column II : terrestrial, Column III : Reptilia
-
Column I : Limulus, Column II : body covered by chitinous exoskeleton, Column III : Pisces
-
Column I : Adamsia, Column II : radially symmetrical, Column III : Porifera
Which of the following classes doesn't belong to the superclass Agnatha?
-
Ostracoderm
-
Cyclostomata
-
Placodermi
-
Chondrictheyes
- Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish i.e these animals have no jaws.
- They come under the phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata and includes the Cyclostomes and extinct Ostracoderm species.
- Placodermi is a class of armoured prehistoric fish having plated skin belonging to the superclass Gnathostomata (having jaws).
- Chondrichthyes is a class which contains cartilaginous fishes and belong to the superclass Gnathostomata.
- So the correct answer is 'Placodermi and Chondrichthyes'.
In which of the following animal only one single median nostril is present?
-
Salamander
-
Petromyzon
-
Labeo
-
Rana
Which of the following is a circular mouthed fish?
-
Myxine
-
Torpedo
-
Trygon
-
Scoliodon
- Cyclostomata is a group of jawless living fishes which belong to the superclass Agnatha.
- Eg- the lampreys and hagfishes.
- The name Cyclostomata means circular mouths.
- All the cartilaginous fishes belong to Gnathostomata i.e they have jaws.
- So, the correct answer is 'Myxine'.
The notochord is present throughout the life in organisms belonging to which of the following group?
-
Agnatha
-
Cephalochordata
-
Urochordata
-
Both A and B
Cephalochordates are a group of organisms in which the notochord extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life. Agnatha is a group of vertebrates that lacks jaw and notochord is present in both larvae and adult forms. While in Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults.
What is the fate of notochord in an adult organism which belongs to Gnathostomata?
-
Notochord extincts
-
Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column
-
Notochord becomes vestigial
-
Notochord continues same as in larval stage
- Phylum Chordata can be divided into two categories:-
- Gnathostomata is a superclass which includes jawed vertebrate fishes.
- They come under the subphylum vertebrata i.e the notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults.
- So, the correct answer is 'Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column'.
In which of the following haemocyanin pigment is found?
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Armada
-
Echinodermata
-
Insecta
-
Lower invertebrates
Which among the following is the lowest grade vertebrate?
-
Agnatha
-
Cyclostomata
-
Echinodermates
-
Both A and B
Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fishes in the phylum Chordata. These are ectothermic, meaning they do not regulate their own body temperature. They show slow metabolism in cold water. They do not have a proper stomach rather they have a long homogenous gut. They are lowest grade vertebrates. The notochord is persistent in them.
Petromyzon is included under
-
Cephalochordata
-
Agnatha
-
Tetrapoda
-
Pisces
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic lamprey found in the northern Atlantic Ocean along shores of Europe and North America, in the western Mediterranean sea and in the shores of the Great Lakes. It belongs to superclass Agnatha (It is a superclass of jawless fishes). It is brown, gray, or black on its back and white or gray on the underside. The lamprey uses its suction cup-like mouth to attach itself to the skin of a fish and rasps away tissue with its sharp, probing tongue and keratinized teeth.
........... is a living fossil.
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Drepanaspis
-
Lamprey
-
Cephalaspis
-
All of the above
Petromyzen or Lamprey is a living fossil. The sea lamprey lacks bony teeth and jaws. It has an oral armament of conical teeth made of keratin. The lamprey even has teeth on its tongue. The oral apparatus of the adult lamprey is a sucking disk lined with whorls of over 100 of these teeth.
Which among the following are known as false fishes?
-
Pisces
-
Cyclostomata
-
Ostracodermi
-
All of the above
Cyclostomata is a group of chordates that comprises the living jawless fishes - the lampreys and hagfishes. These fishes are a parasite as well as scavengers. The body is long, then tubular and tail is flat. They are also known as false fish.
Toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth seen in
-
Lamprey
-
Myxine
-
Ostracodermi
-
Hilsa
Adult lamprey may be characterised by toothed, funnel like sucking mouth. The common name 'lamprey' is probably derived from latin, 'lampetro' which may mean stone licker.
Circular and suctorial mouth is present in
-
Labeo
-
Petromyzon
-
Scolidon
-
All of the above
Petromyzon (lampreys) are all carnivorous and are true predators. The method of attack is very peculiar. It attack fishes, turtles etc and it attach themselves by suctorial mouth which is circular in shape. Mouth acts a sucker, it rasps the flesh of the prey with its tongue. Teeth which are situated around the mouth sink into the flesh of the prey and serve it to hold properly.
Kingdom Animalia is also known as
-
Metazoa
-
Protozoa
-
Both A and B
-
None of the above
Metazoa is the term given to the fully developed complex organism having tissue level organization. Kingdom Animalia is considered as metazoa. All the members of this kingdom are multicellular, eukaryotes. They are heterotrophs, they depend on other organisms directly or indirectly for food. Most of the organisms are motile which means they can move independently and spontaneously.
Vertebrata consist of which classes from the following?
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Bony fish
-
Amphibians
-
Reptiles
-
All of the above
Vertebrata is the most important part of chordate and is distinguished by a backbone (made either of bone or cartilage) having bones known as vertebrae and a skull enclosing a brain. The nervous system is entirely protected by these structures and also maintains the shape of the body.
Which of the following is the most important part of chordate?
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Hermichordate
-
Vertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
All of the above
Vertebrata is the most important part of chordate and is distinguished by a backbone (made either of bone or cartilage) having bones known as vertebrae and a skull enclosing a brain. The nervous system is entirely protected by these structures and also maintains the shape of the body.
In bioluminesence storage, energy changes into _____________.
-
Light energy
-
Radiant energy
-
Chemical energy
-
Mechanical energy
In bioluminescence, stored chemical energy on oxidation emits lights.
Petromyzon belongs to class
-
Osteichthyes
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Cyclostomata
-
Amphibia
Which is true?
-
All living members of class cyclostomata are parasites on some fishes
-
There are about 2000 species in the class osteichthyes
-
Ciona belongs to subphylum cephalo chordata
-
Arthropods are diploblastic animals
-
Ascaris lumbricoides is a flatworm
Which one pair comprises jawless fishes?
-
Mackerels and Rohu
-
Lampreys and Hag Fishes
-
Lampreys and Eels
-
Guppies and Hag Fishes
Agnatha or Cyclostomata are characterised by
-
Absence of jaws and presence of suctorial mouth.
-
Presence of suctorial mouth, the absence of jaws, the presence of single nostril and unpaired fins.
-
Absence of mouth, presence of single nostril.
-
Round mouth with triradiate lips.
- They are jawless.
- They have a single median nostril.
- Their mouth is suctorial and circular.
- Body is elongated but no paired appendages or fins are present i.e. fins are unpaired.
Fish vertebrates are
-
Ostractodermi
-
Placodermi
-
Cyclostomates
-
Choanochthyes
Unpaired external naris occurs in
-
Petromyzon
-
Torpedo
-
Anabas
-
Solea
An example of Agnatha (jawless vertebrate)/cyclostomata is
-
Labeo rohita
-
Scoliodon
-
Rana tigrina
-
Petromyzon
A jawless fish which lays eggs in fresh water and whose ammocoete larvae after metamorphosis return to ocean is _____________.
-
Entatretus
-
Myxine
-
Neomyxine
-
Petromyzon
Jawless vertebrates belong to the group
-
Agnatha
-
Gnathostomata
-
Lagomorpha
-
Prototheria
Choose the correct statement.
-
All pisces have gills covered by an operculum
-
All mammals are viviparous
-
All cyclostomata do not possess jaw and paired fins
-
All reptiles have a three chambered heart
Match the columns and select the correct option.
Column I | Column II | ||
---|---|---|---|
a | Cyclostomates | p | Hemichordata |
b | Aves | q | Urochordata |
c | Tunicates | r | Agnatha |
d | Batanoglossus | s | Pisces |
e | Osteichthyes | t | Tetrapod |
-
a - p, b - q, c - r, d - s, e - t
-
a - q, b - r, c - s, d - p, e - t
-
a - r, b - p, c - t, d - q, e - s
-
a - r, b - t, c - q, d - p, e - s
-
a - t, b - r, c - q, d - p, e - s
Myelin sheath is not found around nerve fibres of.
-
Fishes
-
Egg laying mammals
-
Frog
-
Cyclostomates
Air bladder is present in _________.
-
Petromyzon
-
Scoliodon
-
Labeo
-
Frog
Find out the correct match in the three columns.
-
Adamsia - Radially symmetrical - Porifera
-
Petromyzon - Ectoparasite - Cyclostomata
-
Ichthyophis - Terrestrial - Reptilia
-
Isimutus - Body covered by chitinous exoskeleton - Pisces
This class of animals are all ectoparasites on some fishes ______________.
-
Amphibia
-
Osteichthyes
-
Reptilia
-
Cyclostomata
-
Chondrichthyes
Choose the correct statement
-
All mammals are viviparous
-
All cyclostomes do not possess; jaws and paired fins
-
All reptiles have a three-chambered heart
-
All Pisces have gills covered by an operculum
- All mammals are not Viviparous. Four species of Echidna and the Platypus are oviparous.2. All cyclostomes are jawless and lack paired fins.3. Crocodile is a reptile but has a four chambered heart unlike all other reptiles.4. Only the member of osteichthyes have gills covered by operculum while members of chondrichthyes lack operculum.So, the correct option is 'All cyclostomes do not possess; jaws and paired fins'.
How many animals in the following are Gnathostomates?
Myxine, Laligo, Pristis, Salamander, Calotes, Laxelets.
-
2
-
1
-
5
-
3
- Gnathostomata consists of species of fishes which have jaws (jawed vertebrates).
- Myxine is a genus of hagfishes which are jawless (superclass- Agnatha).
- Loligo is a genus of squids belonging to the phylum Mollusca.
- Pristis is a genus of sawfish which is cartilaginous and belongs to the superclass Gnathostomata.
- Salamanders are animals having a slender body, blunt snout and short limbs which belong to the class- Amphibia.
- Calotes is a genus of lizards belonging to the class- Amphibia.
- Lancelets are fish-like marine chordate animals which are also known as amphioxi.
- So, the correct answer is 1.
Internal nares are absent in
-
Agnatha
-
Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
-
Chindrichthyes
-
None of the above
Agnatha is a class of Chordata phylum. These are the jawless vertebrates. They have two nostrils but nares are absent. Chondrichthyes are the class of cartilaginous fishes. They are jawed vertebrates. In this, external nares are present whereas internal nares are absent. Osteichthyes are the class of bony fishes. They are jawed vertebrates. In this, external nares are present whereas internal nares are absent.
Jawless fishes are included in
-
Chondricthyes
-
Osteichthyes
-
Cyclostomata
-
Lung fishes
Cyclostomata is characterized by round mouths. It is a group of chordates that comprises the living jawless fishes, examples are lampreys and hagfishes. They lack jaws which are replaced by retractable horny teeth. Their mouths cannot close due to the lack of a jaw, so they have to constantly cycle water through the mouth.
Only one semicircular canal is present in
-
Bony fish
-
Cartilaginous fish
-
Hagfish
-
Amphibians
The jawed animals have three semicircular canals which are mainly statoreceptors which help to maintain the balance. Hagfish has a single semicircular canal which contains both stereocilia and the second class of hair cells, whereas other vertebrates have stereocilia only. Because the inner ear of hagfish has two forms of sensory ampullae, their single semicircular canal is assumed to be a result of two semicircular canals, that have merged into just one.
Nasal aperture in Petromyzon is
-
Single
-
Paired
-
Many
-
Absent
Petromyzon, sea lamprey has a simple nasal aperture is present on the top of the head between the eyes. Nasal aperture is single and median. Hence, option A is correct answer.
Scales in Cyclostomata are
-
Cycloid type
-
Ctenoid type
-
Placoid type
-
Absent
The class Cyclostomata is characterized by circular mouth without jaws. They have retractable horny teeth. Also, the scales and fins are absent in these members of the class. They are ectoparasites and don't have mucus glands on their skin.
First vertebrates animals belongs to class
-
Ostracodermi
-
Cyclostomata
-
Placodermi
-
Osteichthyes
Ostracoderms refers to the armored jawless fishes of the Paleozoic era. They lived in what is now North America, Europe, and Russia from the Middle Silurian to Upper Devonian. They were the first fish to use gills just for respiration. This is the first class of vertebrates.
The chordates without jaw are placed in
-
Agnathostomes
-
Gnathosomes
-
Vertebrates
-
Euchordates
Agnatha which means 'no jaws' is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, consisting of both present (cyclostomes) and extinct species like ostracoderms. The body is covered in skin, with neither dermal or epidermal scales. Hagfish and Lampreys are a very common example.
Petromyzon is ectoparasite on
-
Rat and squirrel
-
Fishes and turtles
-
Cattles
-
All of the above
Petromyzon (lampreys) are all carnivorous and are true predators. The method of attack is very peculiar. It attack fishes, turtles etc and it attach themselves by suctorial mouth which is circular in shape. Mouth acts a sucker, it rasps the flesh of the prey with its tongue. Teeth which are situated around the mouth sink into the flesh of the prey and serve it to hold properly.
1) The body is long, eel like. It shows trunk and compressed tail.
2) Paired fins are absent. Median fin is supported by cartilaginous fin-rays.
3) The skin is soft and smooth. It is slimy. It has scale less.
4) Z shaped myomeres are present in the trunk and tail protractor and retractor muscles move the tongue.
5) In this group, a true coelome is seen.
These characteristics are seen in the class
-
Cyclostomata
-
Pisces
-
Reptilia
-
Aves
Fishes which are parasite as well as scavanger are
-
Ostracoderm
-
Cyclostomata
-
Tetrapoda
-
All of the above
Cyclostomata is a group of chordates that comprises the living jawless fishes: lampreys and hagfishes. Both groups have round mouths that lack jaws but have retractable horny teeth. The name Cyclostomata means "round mouths". These fishes are parasites and as well as scavengers. They feed off dead and wounded organisms in the ocean.
Jawless circular and suctorial mouth are characteristic feature of
-
Agnathe animals
-
Gnathostomes
-
Cyclostomes animals
-
Both A and C
The subphylum vertebrae are classified into Agnatha or Agnathostomata- includes vertebrates without jaws. Further, this group has only one class the Cyclostomata. The Cyclostomes are jawless vertebrates with a circular mouth and suctorial funnel.
Petromyzon attaches to the host body with the help of
-
Suckers
-
Hookes
-
Both A and B
-
Suctorial mouth
Petromyzon (lampreys) are all carnivorous and are true predators. The method of attack is very peculiar. It attack fishes, turtles etc and it attach themselves by suctorial mouth which is circular in shape. Mouth acts a sucker, it rasps the flesh of the prey with its tongue. Teeth which are situated around the mouth sink into the flesh of the prey and serve it to hold properly. Hence, option D is correct answer.
Which of the following are jawless animals?
-
Gnathostomata
-
Agnatha
-
Both A and B
-
None of the above
Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fishes in the phylum Chordata. These are ectothermic, meaning they do not regulate their own body temperature. They show slow metabolism in cold water. They do not have a proper stomach rather they have a long homogenous gut.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Hag fish is another name for
-
Petromyzon
-
Lamprey
-
Myxine
-
Cephalaspis
Myxine is scientific name of hagfish. They are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column. Classification of Myxine is
Lamprey (Petromyzon) belongs to
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Osteichythes
-
Agnatha
-
Amphibia
Humans fall into which kingdom Animalia category?
-
Hemichordata
-
Mollusca
-
Chordata
-
None of the above
Humans are categorized as vertebrates in the phylum Chordata. The phylum Chordata contains all animals that possess, at some point during their lives, a hollow nerve cord, and a notochord, a flexible rod between the nerve cord and the digestive track. The phylum Chordata is an extremely diverse phylum and the one most recognizable to us.
Pancreas is absent in
-
Amphibia
-
Osteichthyes
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Cyclostomata