Regulation of agricultural markets or the establishment of regulated markets in India dates back to 1886 when the Karanja Cotton Market was established as a regulated market under the Hyderabad Residency's order. Subsequently, in the year 1897, the 'Berar Cotton and Grain Markets Law' was enacted.

Spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were encouraged to grow these crops.

1951.

There has been great technological reforms in Indian Agriculture in recent past. Earlier farmer was using Persian wheel ,Wooden plough ,Bullock cart.

Under the globalization, particularly after 1990 farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges.

National Agricultural technology Project was funded by World Bank.

According to 2011 Agricultural Census of India, an estimated 61.5% of the 1300 million Indian population is rural and dependent on agriculture. The number of farming households is 159.6 million.

Agro econnomics.

Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices. The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). MSP is price fixed by Government of India to protect the producer - farmers - against excessive fall in price during bumper production years. The minimum support prices are a guarantee price for their produce from the Government. The major objectives are to support the farmers from distress sales and to procure food grains for public distribution. In case the market price for the commodity falls below the announced minimum price due to bumper production and glut in the market, government agencies purchase the entire quantity offered by the farmers at the announced minimum price.

Rice and Cotton.

Reduction in import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.

• Jhumming is the local name of shifting cultivation practiced in North-Eastern regions of India.
  
• Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation.
  
• In this type of farming,farmers usually choose a forest area ,then cut it down and burn it. 
  
• The farmers then cultivate the land and grow crops on it.
• It is jhumming in north-eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
  

• Jhumming is the local name of shifting cultivation practiced in North-Eastern regions of India.
  
• It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows Nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes. It is jhumming in north-eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
  

• A plantation is a large piece of land (or water) where one crop is specifically planted for widespread commercial sale and usually tended by resident laborers.
  
•  The crops grown include - 

 fast-growing trees, cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugarcane, sisal, oil seeds (e.g.oil palms), rubber trees and various fruits.

India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. Different oilseeds are grown covering approximately 12 per cent of the total cropped area of the country. Main oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. Most of these are edible and used as cooking mediums.

Sugarcane is a member of the grass family and is a tall tropical variety with a hard, thick stem which grows to a height of 3.5 m or more. Sugar is stored in the stem. India has the world's largest area under sugarcane. India stands next only to Brazil in the production of sugarcane and accounts for nearly one-fifth of the world cane production.

Wheat.

     Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. Uttar Pradesh has a humid subtropical climate. Due to the fertile regions of the Indo-Gangetic plain and partly owing to irrigation measures such as the canals and tube-wells Uttar Pradesh has been the most common producer of food grains in India .

In cashew nut production, India is second largest producer after Vietnam. Maharashtra is India’s largest cashew nut producing state. Maharashtra is followed by Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.

The India's rice production reached to a record high of 104.32 million tonnes in 2011-2012 crop year (July–June). Rice is one of the chief grains of India. Moreover, this country has the largest area under rice cultivation, as it is one of the principal food crops.

Jute is extrated from tree and used for work purposes, while jowar, maize and paddy are used for eating purpose.

In India around 5707 hectares of land comes under saffron cultivation while majority of produce is procured from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Cotton crop requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation and bright sunshine for its growth.

The Oraon tribe belongs to Jharkhand. Gond tribe belongs to Chhattisgarh.

• 0Slash and burn farming is a form of shifting agriculture where the natural vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation, and then, when the plot becomes infertile, the farmer moves to a new fresh plot and does the same again.
  
• This process is repeated over and over.
  

Intensive farming is the system of farming under which small farms are cultivated intensively using large inputs of manual labour, manures and fertilisers. Since it is a labour intensive system, it is practised in those areas where the density of population is high. This type of agriculture is practised in the irrigated areas of the plains of northern India and the coastal areas of south India.

The Minimum Support Price  (MSP) was announced by the Government of India for the first time in 1966-67 for wheat. The MSP is the price at which government purchases crops from the farmers.

The British government gave many large European trading firms the sole right to trade in the forest products of particular areas. Grazing and hunting by local people were restricted. In the process, many pastoralists and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha, and Yerukula of the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods. Some of them began to be called criminal tribes and were forced to work instead in factories, mines, and plantations, under government supervision. Whereas, Jhum was a term used for shifting cultivation in India.

Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in India which has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state. There are legal provisions to punish the defaulters.

Tea.

The Indian agriculture and the livelihood of the Indian farmer largely depends on the Monsoon rains . Southwest Monsoon or summer monsoon in India is a four month long episode from June till September with more than 75 per cent of India’s annual rainfall occurs during time. The fate of the Kharif crops, a major contributing factor to India's economy and survival,  depend on the southwest Monsoon.

By conferring the ownership of land to the tiller, the Government provided an incentive to improve cultivation. This paved the way for increase in efficiency and yield. This was an important step towards the establishment of socialism and the Government revenue increased. It also ushered in cooperative farming.

The Urban Land Ceiling Act was a law in India, that was passed in 1976. The stated purpose of the law is bringing about an equitable distribution of land in urban agglomerations to subserve the common good.

The primary means by which low-income people increase their incomes and hence their food security is through increased employment. It is agricultural growth that reduces poverty, and agriculture's impact is dependent on growth rates that are considerably higher than population growth rates.

Agriculture is the most important sector of Indian Economy. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18 per cent of India's gross domestic product (GDP) and provides employment to 50% of the countries workforce.

Dantiwada.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture. The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as its president. 

NPK stands for "nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium," the three nutrients that compose complete fertilizers. ... Also implied is a percentage symbol after each number because each of the three numbers represents the percentage of that nutrient in the makeup of the fertilizer.

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 India is known as the land of the endless growing Season because being a sub-tropical land it enjoys a growing Season throughout the year. Growing Season is that part of the year when the growth of vegetation is made possible by the favourable combination of temperature and rainfall.

The production and productivity of cashew is highest in the state of Maharashtra. The highest average productivity of Maharashtra is 1262 Kg/ha. Andhra Pradesh and Orissa are the other two States in the 2nd and 3rd position followed by Maharahstra in the production of cashew in India.

Gujarat is the main producer of tobacco, cotton, and groundnuts in India. Other major crops produced are rice, wheat, jawar, bajra, maize, tur, and gram. Gujarat has an agricultural economy. The total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.

The incorrect statement is that India has been a big importer of food grains especially since $1990s$, India is self-sufficient in food grains. It is only in case of crop failures India becomes a net importer of food grains.

Kerala.

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%. Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper.