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The lymphatic system - class-X

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Most of our cells are surrounded by- 

  1. Blood

  2. Fluid equivalent to seawater in salt composition

  3. Interstitial fluid

  4. Pure water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
It is the main component of the extracellular fluid and transcellular fluid. The interstitial fluid is found in the spaces between cells or the tissue spaces.It consists of a water solvent containing sugars, salts, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, white blood cells and waste products from the cell.The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. 
So, the correct answer is Interstitial Fluid."

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about lymph?
(i)Lymph is colourful as it has haemoglobin but no RBC.
(ii)It contains specialised lymphocytes which are responsible for immunity of the body.
(iii)Lymph is an important carrier for nutrients and hormones.
(iv)Fats are absorbed through lymph in the lacteals present in the intestinal villi.

  1. i only

  2. iii and iv

  3. ii and iii

  4. iv only


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymph is colourless as it does not contain RBC, in higher animals the respiratory pigment haemoglobin is contained only in the RBC and does not occur dispersed in body fluids. Therefore, statement i is wrong.

So, the correct answer is 'i only'

Compared to blood our lymph has

  1. Plasma without proteins

  2. More WBCs and no RBCs

  3. More RBCs and less WBCs

  4. No plasma.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lymph consists of proteins- albumin, fibrinogen etc, nitrogenous waste, WBCs, lymphocytes, carbohydrates, fats and 94% water. It does not contain RBCs that are found in abundance in blood and platelets.

So, the correct answer is 'More WBCs and no RBCs'

The lymph serves to

  1. Return the interstitial fluid to the blood

  2. Return the WBCs and RBCs to the lymph nodes

  3. Transport $CO _2$ to the lungs

  4. Transport $O _2$ to the brain


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymph is in contact with the cells/tissues of the organs as interstitial fluid, this fluid is drained in the lymphatic vessels, that connects to the venous system. In this manner interstitial fluid is returned to the blood.

So, the correct answer is 'Return the interstitial fluid to the blood'

Which of the following statements is true for lymph?

  1. WBCs + serum

  2. Blood - RBCs and some proteins

  3. RBCs + WBCs + plasma

  4. RBCs + proteins + platelets


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymph has a pale yellow colour due to absence of RBCs and platelets,  it has abundance of WBCs, Lymphocytes, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nitrogenous waste.

So, the correct answer is 'WBCs + serum'

In the human circulation, the lymph

  1. Transports oxygen to brain

  2. Transports $CO _2$ to lungs

  3. Returns interstitial fluid back to heart

  4. Contains RBCs, leucocyte, and more protein as compared to blood


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Lymphatic system is a network present throughout all tissues in the body. It removes wastes, bacteria and excess water from the tissue fluid. The fluid present in the lymphatic vessels is called as lymph. In lymph, escaped blood cells and proteins are collected and returned back to the heart in the form of interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is a fluid that bathes the cells of multicellular animals.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Returns interstitial fluid back to heart.'

All of the following organs in the human body are located both on the right and the left sides, except

  1. Spleen

  2. Kidneys

  3. Lungs

  4. Eyes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The spleen is the largest organ in the lymphatic system. It is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it. The spleen is located under the ribcage and above the stomach in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. So, the correct option is "A" (Spleen).

Which of the following is the function of lymph?

  1. Lymph keeps the body cells moist.

  2. Lymph takes lymphocytes and antibodies from the lymph nodes to the blood.

  3. Lymph maintains the volume of the blood.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Lymph is the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system. It is a clear-to-white fluid made of White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, the cells that attack bacteria in the blood. It performs multiple functions inside our bodies. It takes lymphocyte and antibodies from the lymph nodes to the blood. It also keeps the cells moist by maintaining the blood volume.
The interstitial fluid is absorbed into the lymph vessels and again it is added to blood from the lymph, and in turn, regulates the blood volume.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Lymph is

  1. Blood minus R.B.C

  2. Blood minus W.B.C

  3. Blood minus cells

  4. Plasma minus protein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymph is a liquid made up of plasma, WBCs, clotting factors but does not contain RBCs and form a system in a body known as lymphatic system and flows in lymph capillaries. It transports fatty acid in the form of chyle through the digestive system and WBCs through lymph nodes to bones.

So the correct option is 'Blood minus R.B.C.'

Which of the following cells of connective tissue is/are absent in blood and lymph?

  1. Antibody secreting cells

  2. Phagocytic cells

  3. Histamine secreting cells

  4. Fibre secreting cells


Correct Option: A

Pick the odd one from the following 

  1. Red blood cells

  2. which blood cells

  3. Lymph

  4. Blood platelets


Correct Option: A

Compared to blood our lymph has?

  1. Neutrophils more

  2. Soluble protein in large amount

  3. Clotting time more

  4. More WBC


Correct Option: A

Arzygrophillic fibers are present in

  1. In spleen

  2. In tendons

  3. In ligament

  4. In bloood vessel


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Reticular fibers (type III collagen) are thin collagen fibers not typically detected with routine H & E staining. However, these fibers stain black with silver stain and are often called argyrophilic fibers. The spleen demonstrates the supportive network of reticular fibers present in many organs. In this slide, the delicate reticular fibers are black and the thick collagen fibers are red/brown.

So, the correct option is 'In spleen'.

The tissue which forms the basic structure of lymphoid organs, spleen etc., is

  1. Lymphoid tissue

  2. Cartilage tissue

  3. Elastic tissue

  4. Areolar tissue


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The tissue, which forms the basic structure of lymphoid organs, spleen etc., is lymphoid tissue. Cells and organs that make up the lymphatic system, such as white blood cells (leukocytes), bone marrow, and the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Lymphoid tissue has several different structural organizations related to its particular function in the immune response. The most highly organized lymphoid tissues are in the thymus and lymph nodes, which are well-defined encapsulated organs with easily identifiable architectures. In the spleen, the lymphoid tissue is a cylinder of loosely organized cells surrounding small arteries. 

Red pulp and white pulp are histological structure found in

  1. Tooth

  2. Spleen

  3. Bone

  4. Liver


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Spleen is the largest lymph node of body. A special type of connective tissue is filled in spleen, which is called pulp. Splenic pulp has two parts - white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp is scattered in the form of patches of long and irregular sized lymphatic endothelium. The meshes of this network are studded with numerous splenic cells and lymphocytes. The red pulp forms major part of spleen. It is reddish in colour due to excessive RBCs. It is made up of venous sinuses. Red pulp of spleen contains erythrocytes and blood filled sinuses.

When there is a sudden loss of blood from the body, the organ which supplies blood is?

  1. Spleen

  2. Heart

  3. Liver

  4. Lung


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body and is positioned in the superior abdomen. The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock, blood loss and also recycles iron. It purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize and attack foreign antibodies and disease. The spleen is composed of the red and white pulp. The white pulp produces and grows immune cell as well as blood cells. On the other hand, the red pulp is responsible for purifying the blood and removing dead or old blood cells. 

Lymph drains excess fluid from extracellular space back into

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph node

  3. Lymphatic channel

  4. Lymph gland


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lymph is a colourless fluid and connective tissue. It carries an excess of the extracellular fluid back to the venous system or it absorbs the excess fluid from the tissue and to return it to the blood. Lymphatic capillaries join and form lymphatic vessels further it forms lymphatic ducts. It is of two types: thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. A small bean- shaped lymphoid organ surrounded by fibrous connective tissue carries fluid, nutrients & waste material between the body are lymph nodes or lymph glands.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Highest quantity of energy occurs in the

  1. Primary producers

  2. Herbivores

  3. Carnivores

  4. Decomposers


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Highest quantity of energy occurs in primary producers. Producers trap sunlight in the form of solar energy and use it in the process of photosynthesis to prepare food and store the food in the form of starch.

One of the difference between blood and lymph is that

  1. Blood has RBCs and WBCs while lymph has lymphocytes.

  2. Blood has RBCs while lymph has no WBCs.

  3. Blood has WBCs while lymph has RBCs.

  4. Blood has dissolved organic salts while lymph has no such inorganic salt.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Blood is red in colour due to presence of RBCs. Blood plasma contains RBCs, WBCs and platelets. It can clot due to presence of more amount of fibrinogen. Lymphs are colourless due to absence of RBCs. The lymph plasma contains WBCs and lymphocytes. It contains diffusible proteins. It clots slowly due to presence of less fibrinogen.

Blood is stored in

  1. Lymph

  2. Kidney

  3. Spleen

  4. Heart


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The spleen is a brownish fist-sized organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen, tucked into a space between the stomach, pancreas and left kidney. It’s one of those organs that people know about, but aren’t sure what it does. Essentially, the spleen is a storage container and filter for blood, though it is part of the lymphatic system. In fact, it’s the largest lymph node in the body. One of its tasks is to remove harmful bacteria and viruses in the blood stream. Its other major task is removing or storing certain blood cells. Blood is not stored in heart, kidney and lymph. Thus, option C is correct.

The graveyard of RBC is

  1. Liver

  2. Gall bladder

  3. Bone marrow

  4. Spleen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Spleen is one of the most important organ of the body. Here are few of its functions
1) In fetal and some part of the neonatal period the spleen works not only as the storehouse of red blood cells or RBCs , but also is one of the important organ for hematopoiesis I.e., the formation of new RBCs. 
2) It also acts as a storehouse of various types of white blood cells or WBCs which are used to fight against various infections like pneumococcus, meningococcus etc.
3) It is also known as graveyard of RBC as old and damaged RBC are destroyed in spleen. 

A malfunction of the lymph nodes would most likely interfere with the

  1. Release of carbon dioxide into the lymph.

  2. Filtering of glucose from the lymph.

  3. Release of oxygen into the lymph.

  4. Filtering of bacteria from the lymph.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The lymphatic system not only regulates fluid amounts in the blood but also helps to fight infection. The lymph nodes located throughout our bodies, produce white blood cells and filter harmful bacteria, which is why they tend to enlarge when we have an infection.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Lymph does not contain 

  1. Red blood cells

  2. White blood cells

  3. Platelets

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lymph does not contain RBCs and blood platelets. Leucocyte count is low but the lymphocyte (WBCs) content is quite high due to passage of lymph through lymph nodes. 

Spleen is a _______

  1. Part in heart

  2. Part of central nervous system

  3. Lymphatic organ

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Spleen is a large lymphatic organ, about the size of a clenched fist, reddish brown in colour and situated in the abdomen behind the stomach and above the left kidney.

Spleen is ________

  1. Blue in colour

  2. Reddish brown in colour

  3. Greenish blue in colour

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Spleen is a large lymphatic organ,about the size of a clenched fist, reddish brown in colour and situated in the abdomen, behind the stomach and above the left kidney.

Cellular part of lymph contains

  1. Only Leukocytes

  2. Water

  3. Proteins

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cellular part of lymph contains only leukocytes (mostly lymphocytes) and no blood platelets.

Which of the following is not a function of spleen?

  1. It produces lymphocytes

  2. It destroys worn out RBCs, so also known as graveyard of RBCs

  3. In an embryo, it produces RBCs

  4. None of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Functions:- 
1. It acts like a blood reservoir. In an emergency such as haemorrhage, physical or emotional stress, or in carbon monoxide poisoning, the spleen releases the stored blood into the blood stream.
2. It produces lymphocytes.
3. It destroys worn out RBC, so also known as graveyard of RBC.
4. In an embryo it produces RBC.

Spleen is situated

  1. In the abdomen

  2. In the brain

  3. In leg

  4. In the ears


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Spleen is a large lymphatic organ, about the size of a clenched fist, reddish brown in colour and situated in the abdomen behind the stomach and above the left kidney.

Which of the following is not a function of lymph?

  1. Supplies oxygen and prevents spreading of infections

  2. Returns proteins to the blood

  3. Absorbs vitamins and minerals

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lymph supplies oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc to the cells and removes metabolic wastes from the cells. It destroys microorganisms in the lymph nodes and prevents spreading of infections. It absorbs and transports fat, fat soluble vitamins and minerals from intestine. It maintains the volume of blood. It returns proteins and fluids to the blood. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following are circulating fluids of the body?


a) Blood         b) Hormones       c) Lymph

  1. a, b

  2. b, c

  3. a, c

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

All such functions that need transport are performed by the two circulating fluids the blood and the lymph. Beside transport, These fluids has some other functions also.

Which of the following destroys worn out RBCs ?


a) Liver
b) Kidney
c) Spleen

  1. a, b

  2. a, c

  3. b, c

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Spleen's main function is to act as a filter for blood. It recognizes and removes old, malformed, or damaged red blood cells. It destroys worn out RBC  (sharing this function with liver)

Lymph helps is the absorption of

  1. Carbohydrate

  2. Proteins

  3. Fats

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Lymph is an integral part of the circulatory system which plays an important role in the defensive mechanism. It does not absorb vitamins and minerals but fats from the intestinal villi.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following has the similar composition as lymph?

  1. Red blood cells 

  2. Blood plasma 

  3. White blood cells 

  4. Nutrients 


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lymph is the interstitial fluid present in the tissue space and it has accumulated due to the pressure difference between the arteries and the veins. It has a composition similar to that of the blood plasma, that it contains small solutes, water ions, proteins lymphocytes etc.

A. Red blood cells are the formed elements, containing the respiratory pigment called haemoglobin.
B. Blood plasma is the fluid part of the blood, whose composition is similar to that of the blood.
C. White blood cells are the formed elements involved in the immunity.
D. Nutrients are the food ingredients.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Blood Plasma'

Which of the following has the similarities with the lymph?

  1. Red blood cells

  2. Blood plasma

  3. White blood cells

  4. Nutrients


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Since the lymph is derived from the interstitial fluid, its composition continually changes as the blood and the surrounding cells continually exchange substances with the interstitial fluid. It is generally similar to blood plasma, which is the fluid component of blood. Lymph returns proteins and excess interstitial fluid to the blood stream. Lymph may pick up bacteria and bring them to lymph nodes, where they are destroyed. Metastatic cancer  cells can also be transported via lymph. Lymph also transports fats from the digestive system (beginning in the lacteals) to the blood via chylomicrons.


So, the correct option is 'Blood plasma'.

Which of the following molecule enters into the lymph from intestine?

  1. Fat molecules

  2. Glycerols

  3. Plasma protein

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Chyle is the liquid form of chyme that enters lymph vessels from the small intestine. It is rich in fats, these fats along with lymph often appear as milk. The fat molecules from the intestine will make their way into the lymph.
  • Glycerols also called as glycerine is a colorless, odorless substance. It is found as an intermediate in metabolic pathways.
  • Plasma protein is the proteins that make-up blood plasma. They help in maintaining osmotic pressure, clotting, and transport of certain lipids, enzymes and hormones.
So the correct option is "Fat molecules".

Lymph transports white blood cells from

  1. Spleen 

  2. Pancreas 

  3. Lymph nodes

  4. liver 


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A. Spleen also referred to as the graveyard of RBCs removes worn-out RBCs and fights infections. It is a part of the lymphatic system

B. Pancreas The lymphatic system of pancreas drains excess fluid that contains leaking hormones and some enzymes from interstitial spaces.
C. Lymph nodes filter the lymph as it passes through these nodes. They board lymphocytes which help in removing wastes and antigens. In case of infection, lymph nodes transport WBCs to blood
D. Liver produces a large amount of lymph, the lymphatic system of liver functions as a tissue drainage system and immunological control system. 
So the answer is C

Lymph is more similar to

  1. Blood

  2. Interstitial fluid

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Interstitial fluid is present in the extracellular matrix by the difference in the pressure of the arteries and veins. This interstitial fluid forms lymph that flows in the lymphatic capillaries. These are similar in their composition of proteins, water, and the lymphocytes. Blood flows in the blood vessels and has more proteins than interstitial fluid and lymph. Blood also has the RBCs that are absent in interstitial fluid and lymph. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Interstitial fluid'.

Which of the following removes debris from cells?

  1. Blood 

  2. Lymph 

  3. Interstitial fluid 

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The lymphatic system can be compared with "hazardous waste disposal" because it transports waste products out of the body. These include, for example, proteins, metabolic breakdown products, inflammatory products or fat from the abdominal cavity. The lymphatic system runs alongside the blood vessels and covers our entire body like a net. Lymph fluid normally flows through the network of lymph vessels that connect to a group of lymph nodes. The nodes act as a filter, destroying or trapping anything harmful that the body doesn’t need. The lymph nodes contain white blood cells (lymphocytes), which attack and break down bacteria, viruses, damaged cells or cancer cells. Waste products and the destroyed bacteria are then carried in the lymph fluid back into the bloodstream and are removed from the body with other body waste.

So, the correct answer is 'Lymph '.

Lymph is responsible for removal of

  1. Antigens 

  2. Toxins 

  3. Interstitial fluid 

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Antigens are foreign particles that stimulate immune response activating the immune system and WBCs. Antigens are carried by lymph to lymph nodes where they are taken care by lymphocytes.
  • Toxins are metabolic wastes or substances secreted by bacteria, viruses or fungi which can be harmful and have to be excreted from the system. Toxins in the interstitial fluid are removed by lymph.
  • Interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid in which cells are bathed. They contain metabolic wastes and CO2 which are absorbed into venules. The left out interstitial fluid is removed by lymph vessels.
So, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Lymph is colourless because

  1. WBC are absent

  2. WBC are present

  3. Platelet is absent

  4. RBC are absent


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lymph is watery clear fluid or colorless because it lacks red blood cells (erythrocytes). It consists of plasma and white blood cells (leucocytes) only.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Which organ is considered as "graveyard of RBC", where most of them are destroyed by macrophages?

  1. Red bone marrow

  2. Spleen

  3. Kidney

  4. Intestine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The spleen is often referred to as the graveyard of red blood cells, because the majority of the injured RBC get destroyed there. 

The main difference in the blood and lymph is

  1. Absence of RBC

  2. Absence of WBC

  3. Number of WBC is less in blood

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water-soluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells of tissues leaving the larger proteins and most of the formed elements (RBC, WBC and Platelets) in the blood vessels. This fluid released out is called the interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. An elaborate network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects this fluid and drains it back to the major veins. The fluid present in the lymphatic system is called the lymph. WBC are present in lymph. Hence the main difference in blood and lymph is the absence of RBC.

So, the correct answer is 'Absence of RBC'.

Red pulp of spleen is red in colour. It is due to.

  1. Presence of R.B.Cs.

  2. Net work of blood capillaries

  3. Presence of haemoglobin

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

Spaces surrounding the trabeculae of spleen are composed of.

  1. White pulp

  2. Red pulp

  3. White pulp and red pulp

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

The main function of spleen is?

  1. To produce R.B.C. and W.B.C.

  2. To store R.B.C. and W.B.C.

  3. Both the above

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Functions of spleen were discovered by.

  1. Bantig

  2. Bernard

  3. Barcroft

  4. Ludwig


Correct Option: A

Which vertebrate organ receives only oxygenated blood?

  1. Gill

  2. Liver

  3. Lung

  4. Spleen


Correct Option: D

Cords of Billroth are blood spaces found in

  1. Spleen

  2. Tonsils

  3. Liver

  4. Kidneys.


Correct Option: A

Which organ receives only oxygenated blood?

  1. Gill

  2. Spleen

  3. Lung

  4. Liver.


Correct Option: B

Lymph

  1. Transports $O _2$ to brain

  2. Transports $CO _2$ to lungs

  3. Returns interstitial fluid to blood

  4. Returns RBCs and WBCs to lymph nodes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Lymph is a fluid connective tissue that contains plasma and WBCs (mostly lymphocytes). It lacks RBCs and contains more WBCs and proteins. It is colourless and contains very small amount of nutrients and oxygen. It is known as middle man of the body. Its function is to return the interstitial fluid and proteins back to the blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Return interstitial fluid to the blood'.

Lymph is colourless because

  1. WBC are absent

  2. WBC are present

  3. Haemoglobin is absent

  4. RBC are absent


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Lymph is the part of the lymphatic system, which is a colourless watery fluid which contains lymphocytes and proteins.
  • They are colourless because they lack red blood cells. 
  • The red blood cells contain haemoglobin protein which gives a red colour to the blood. So, the correct answer is 'RBC are absent'.

Middle man of the body is

  1. Plasma

  2. Lymph

  3. WBC

  4. RBC


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Lymph is a mobile connective tissue and composed of white blood cells mostly lymphocytes, and, the lymph plasma. It is similar to blood but it has less proteins, calcium and phosphorus. Glucose level is high in lymph. It is formed in lymph nodes, liver, thymus, tonsils, spleen and peyers patches with liver being the largest producer. It acts as middle man of body. It transports oxygen, food materials, hormones etc. to body cells and brings metabolic wastes like carbon dioxide from the body cells to blood which are finally poured into the venous system. In this way, it mediates the exchange and hence, known as middle man of the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Lymph'.

Important function of lymph is

  1. Transport oxygen to brain

  2. Transport $CO _2$ to lungs

  3. Return RBCs to lymph nodes

  4. Return interstitial fluid to blood.


Correct Option: D

Which one is called graveyard of RBC's?

  1. Liver

  2. Kidney

  3. Heart

  4. Spleen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Spleen is called the graveyard of RBCs because after completion of lifespan, RBCs are destroyed in spleen where they are ingested by free macrophages. About 2.5 million of RBCs are destructed in one second. After ingestion of RBCs by macrophages, the haemoglobin is dissociated into haem and globin. Iron of haem is released which is further used in process of formation of blood. The haem is converted into bilirubin, a yellow or brown pigment.
So, the correct answer is 'Spleen'.

Which is not the function of lymph

  1. Transport of RBCs

  2. Drain excess tissue fluid

  3. Transport of lymphocytes and antibodies

  4. Transport of absorbed fat.


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is blood bank of the body or reservoir, where the blood is stored and can be mobilized?

  1. Heart

  2. Liver

  3. Bone marrow

  4. Spleen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The spleen is an organ in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach. It’s commonly fist-shaped, purple, and about 4 inches long.
It is known as the blood bank because its blood reserve can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shocks. 
It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis. Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Amount of blood which can be stored in spleen is

  1. 200 ml

  2. 100 ml

  3. 50 ml

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ which is located under the ribcage and above the stomach in the abdomen. On an average, an adult human body contains 5.6 liters of blood out of which nearly 200ml blood can be stored in the spleen and released in cases of hypovolemia(low blood volume) and hypoxia (low oxygen levels). 
So, the correct answer is ' 200ml '.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
The cells constituting walls of blood capillaries are known as:

  1. endothelial cells

  2. cords

  3. oxyntic cells

  4. plasma cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The endothelial cells form a one-cell-thick walled layer called endothelium that lines all of our blood vessels such as arteries, arterioles, venules, veins, and capillaries. Smooth muscle cells layer beneath the endothelial cells. 

The primary function of endothelium is the maintenance of vessel wall permeability and regulating blood flow. 
So, the correct option is 'Endothelial cells'.

Cords of billroth are found in

  1. Liver

  2. Kidneys

  3. Spleen

  4. Tonsils


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Cords of Billroth (also known as splenic cords or red pulp cords) are found in the red pulp of the spleen between the sinusoids, consisting of fibrils and connective tissue cells with a large population of monocytes and macrophages. These cords contain half of the human body's monocytes as a reserve so that after tissue injury these monocytes can move in and aid locally sourced monocytes in wound healing.

Which organ receives only oxygenated blood?

  1. Gill

  2. Spleen

  3. Lung

  4. Liver


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The splenic artery branches off from the aorta and the celiac trunk to deliver oxygenated blood to the spleen, while the splenic vein carries deoxygenated blood away from the spleen to the hepatic portal vein. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Splenic artery arises from 

  1. Anterior mesenteric artery

  2. Coeliac artery

  3. Posterior mesenteric artery

  4. Intestinal artery


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The splenic artery supplying the organ spleen is the branch of the coeliac artery which itself is a branch of the abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta is a branch of dorsal aorta/systemic aorta.

Dorsal aorta > Abdominal segmental aorta > Coeliac artery > Splenic artery.
So, the correct answer to the question is 'Coeliac artery'.

Solid substances constitute ____ % of the non-cellular part of lymph.

  1. $34$%

  2. $6$%

  3. $12$%

  4. $82$%


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Non-cellular part; water - 94%
Solids (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes, antibodies etc) - 6%.

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
The lymph consists of:

  1. plasma

  2. leucocytes

  3. plasma and leucocytes

  4. plasma and erythrocytes


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Lymph is a fluid which flows through the lymphatic system of the body and takes part in transportation. Lymph is formed by the seepage of blood plasma, proteins, and few blood cells through the pores of capillaries.
  • Lymph transports protein, fats and other nutrients from the digestive system. Lymph also collects bacteria and other pathogens from the bloodstream and brings to the lymph nodes to destroy them. Lymph mainly contains blood plasma with some white blood cells.
So, the correct option is 'Plasma and leucocytes'.

Which is NOT the function of lymph?

  1. Transport R.B.C.s

  2. Drain excess tissue fluid

  3. Transport lymphocyte and antibodies

  4. Transport absorbed fat


Correct Option: A
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