Early diagnosis of disease cannot be done by transgenic animals but through techniques such as PCR and ELISA.

Interbreeding of particular species for a larger amount of time causes the recessive traits to appear in the offspring and those result in infertility. Inbreeding is not recommended and cross-breeding is required. When the transgenic mice are inbred for very large duration infertility is caused.

A human protein which is obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is α−1-antitrypsin. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA which codes for particular product such as human proteins. 

ANDi, is the first transgenic monkey. It has been named ANDi, the acronym of "inserted DNA". In this DNA of a fluorescent jellyfish was introduced into an unfertilised egg of a Rhesus monkey in a test tube.

Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced, althrough 95% of all existing transgenic animals are mice.

Mouse is the most preferred animal for studies on gene transfer due to many favourable features like short oestrous cycle and gestation period, relatively short generation time, production of several offspring per pregnancy, convenient in vitro fertilisation, successful culture of embryo in vitro, etc.

Transgenic mouse is larger because expression of the gene for human growth factor has been introduced into it.

• As a mule is produced by crossing a female horse with a male donkey, it can be said to be an interspecific hybrid.
• Swarming can be defined as the process by which a queen bee forms a new colony. Consequently, the term ‘swarms’ is used to refer to the colonies of honey bees.
• Cross-breeding enables the production of hybrids that are superior in one respect or the other to their respective parents.
• In MOET, the female is made to produce more eggs than normal, usually 6-8. After the fertilization of these eggs with sperms, these fertilized eggs are non-surgically removed and transferred to other females.

Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such, animals are most commonly created by micro-injection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilized egg which is implanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant surrogate mother. This results in the recipient giving birth to genetically modified offspring. 

Genetic engineering has great potential for improving the safety of plant-based foods by eliminating allergenic components. 

Answer is option A i.e. "Conversion of perishable raw material into the nonperishable food product"
Biotechnology in the food processing sector makes use of micro-organisms for the preservation of food. Food processing is a process by which perishable raw materials are converted to edible and  non-perishable foods and beverages, which have a longer shelf life.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a type of bacteria found in your intestines.

Animal insulin is derived from cows and pigs. Until the 1980s, animal insulin was the only treatment for insulin dependent diabetes. These days the use of animal insulin has largely been replaced by human insulin and human analogue insulin, however, animal insulin is still available on prescription.

Chymosin, commonly known as rennin, is the principal milk- coagulating enzyme present in rennet. Rennet, which has a long and extensive history of safe use in making cheese and other dairy products.

Bioremediation is the use of living micro organisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and the environment.

Before animal testing anesthesia should be given to the animals because they are living they can feel pain and also its an ethical issue.

Refinement refers to methods that minimise the pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that may be experienced by research animals, and which improve their welfare. 

Pain and disease are major ethical issues. Infertility is not one of them.

An interspecific hybrid is the product of mating between parents of two different species. A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse (mare). Mules are more patient, sure-footed, hardy and long-lived than horses, and they are considered less obstinate, faster, and more intelligent than donkeys.

In research studies, animals that have been genetically engineered include cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, fish, rats and mice. As scientists have sequenced the genomes of domestic animals, more is known about genes and the traits that they control.

A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In animals, the production of biologically active recombinant proteins use transgenic animals as bioreactor. Bioreactor or fermentation processes are the core manufacturing process in the biotech industry. 

A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology. A transgenic organism carries in all its cells a foreign gene that was inserted by laboratory techniques. Each transgenic organism is produced by introducing cloned genes, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from microbes, animals or plants, into plant and animal cells. 

The ethical issues considered for developing transgenic animals are yielding capacity, long term effect on the environment, quality of the breed. They include bioethicists, environmentalists. the results of genetic alteration would be suffered and hence such experimentation should be banned (Eg, a pig with no legs)

The genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly in recent years, and the use of this technology brings with it ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare — defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as “the state of the animal.

Acrylamide does not form, or forms at lower levels, in dairy, meat, and fish products. so the enzymatic degradation of lactose in dairy produts can reduce the acrylamide.

Alpha-lactalbumin is a major milk whey protein. It is involved in the process of lactose synthesis. The first transgenic cow was produced with human alpha-lactalbumin gene introduced into it. The milk of transgenic cow contained about 2.4 grams/lit of human protein.

When the transgenic mice were a few weeks old, they were given drinking water containing zinc. Mice carrying the transgene grew to twice the size of their litter mates because the metallothionein enhancer sequence stimulated by zinc had increased growth hormone production.