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Introduction to debentures - class-XII

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Auction Rated Debentures (ARDs) are a hybrid of _________________.

  1. Shares and Debentures

  2. Shares and Commercial Papers

  3. Commercial Papers and Debentures

  4. Zero Interest Bonds and Deep Discount Bonds


Correct Option: C

The person who deals in shares, debentures as independent operators are called as ____________.

  1. brokers

  2. jobbers

  3. tarawaniwalas

  4. manidiwalls


Correct Option: B

State, with reasons, whether the following statements are True or False.
Debentures are never redeemed by the company.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Debentures are never redeemed by the company. This statement is False. 
Reasons :
(i) Debenture is a document issued by a company under its company seal and signed by the Director, acknowledging the loan accepted by the company from a party under certain terms and conditions stated there in.
(ii) Debenture capital represents borrowed funds, which means, it has to be repaid after the expiry of certain period of time, with a fixed rate of return.
(iii) On the basis of redeemability there are two types of debentures : (a) Redeemable Debentures - Which are repaid by the company on the expiry of specified time. (b) Irredeemable Debentures - These debentures are repaid by the company according to its convenance. Therefore, it can't be said that debentures are never redeemed by the company. 

State, with reasons,whether the following statements are true or False.
Debenture holder are the owners of the company.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This statement is False.
 Reasons: According to Webster's Dictionary, a Debenture is an interest-bearing certificate issued by a government or business, promising to pay to the holder specified sum at a specified date. In fact, there is no difference between Debentures and bonds. 
(1) Debenture is a loan taken by company for medium to long period. Debenture holder therefore is the creditor of the company. 
(2) Debenture capital is returnable and therefore has no permanency. Debenture holder earns interest as return. 
(3) Debenture holder cannot participate in management of company. They cannot take any decision on matters of the company. 
(4) Debenture holder has no voting rights on matters related to company like he cannot appoint Directors / Auditors of the company. 
(5) The real owner of the company is the equity shareholder. Equity shareholders are risk bearers of the company and they are having the voting rights and taking participation in management of the company. Hence Debenture holders are not the owners of the company. 

If own debenture of Rs. 1, 000 is purchased for Rs. 975 from the market by the company, the difference of Rs. 25 will be assumed?

  1. Profit on redemption of debenture

  2. Loss on redemption of debenture

  3. Goodwill

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Balance of Debenture Redemption Fund Account is transferred to _____________.

  1. Capital Reserve A/c

  2. Profit and Loss A/c

  3. General Reserve A/c

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

When the required rate of return is equal to the coupon rate, value of the redeemable bond is equal to its _____________.

  1. Market value

  2. Face value

  3. Present value of the stream of interest inflows

  4. Average of par values and maturity value

  5. None of the above


Correct Option: B

The essential features of a debenture includes __________.

  1. It is certificate of acknowledgement of debt

  2. It is issued under a common seal

  3. It is a part of long term borrowing

  4. all the the above


Correct Option: D

Which of the following statements is false?

  1. A company can issue convertible debentures.

  2. Debentures cannot be secured.

  3. A company can issue redeemable debentures.

  4. Debentures have no right to participate in profits over and above their fixed interest.


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is true with regard to 10% Debentures issued at a discount of 20%?

  1. The carrying amount of debentures gets reduced each year at a rate of 20%.

  2. Issue price and the carrying amount of debentures are equal.

  3. At the time of redemption, the debenture holder will be paid the issue price.

  4. The face value and the carrying amount of debentures are equal.


Correct Option: D

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. A debenture holder is an owner of the company.

  2. A debenture holder can get his money back only on the liquidation of the company.

  3. A debenture issued at a discount can be redeemed at a premium.

  4. A debenture holder receives interest only in the event of profits.


Correct Option: C

If debentures are issued as consideration for purchase of any fixed asset, the entry is _________________.

  1. Debit asset A/c; Credit vendor A/c

  2. Debit asset A/c; Credit bank A/c

  3. Debit asset A/c; Credit debenture A/c

  4. Debit debenture A/c; Credit asset A/c


Correct Option: C

Discount on issue of debentures is a:

  1. revenue loss to be charged in the year of issue

  2. capital loss to be written off from capital reserve

  3. capital loss to be written off over the tenure of the debenture

  4. capital loss to be shown as goodwill


Correct Option: C

Which of the following statements is false?

  1. Debentures can be issued for cash or consideration other than cash or as collateral security

  2. Debentures can not be forfeited for non-payment of call money.

  3. A company can buy its own debentures.

  4. A debentures issued at a discount can be redeemed at a premium.


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is false?

  1. A company can issue redeemable debentures

  2. A company can issue debentures with voting rights

  3. A company can buy its own shares

  4. A company can buy its own debentures


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is false?

  1. A company can issue bearer debentures.

  2. A company can issue convertible debentures.

  3. A company can issue redeemable debentures.

  4. A company can issue debentures with voting rights.


Correct Option: D

The underwriting commission in the case of issue of debentures cannot exceed _______________.

  1. 2%

  2. 2.5%

  3. 3%

  4. 5%


Correct Option: B

The following entry appears in the bools of Vikas Ltd 

BankA/c 1,90,000
Loss on issue of Debenture A/c 26,000
To 9% Debentures A/c 2,00,000
To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c 16,000
Debentures have been issued at a discount of 
  1. 10%

  2. 7%

  3. 6%

  4. 5%


Correct Option: D

Debentures Account is a -

  1. Personal Account

  2. Real Account

  3. Nominal Account

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Debenture A/c is a Personal A/c as it reflects the liability of the company towards debentureholders'.

An unsecured bond that provides no lien against property as security for bond obligation is classified as _____________.

  1. secured bond

  2. debenture

  3. obligation bond

  4. specific bond


Correct Option: B

Shares and debentures of blue chip companies are ___________ .

  1. Money market investment

  2. Capital market investment

  3. Gilt-edged securities

  4. Any of these depending on certain factors


Correct Option: B

On 1st April, 2013, Y Ltd. Issued 1000, 12% debentures of Rs. 100 each at a discount of 6%. These debentures are redeemable in five equal annual instalments at the end of each year. What is the amount of discount to be written off in the first year i.e.

  1. Rs. 2000

  2. Rs. 1800

  3. Rs. 1200

  4. Rs. 600


Correct Option: C

____________ Debentures are to be redeemed on the expiry of a certain period.

  1. Redeemable

  2. Irredeemable

  3. Convertible

  4. Non-convertible


Correct Option: A

Debentures can be redeemed by :

  1. Purchase of own debentures in the open market

  2. Converting them into new class of debentures

  3. Converting them into shares

  4. Any of the methods mentioned in (A), (B) and (C)


Correct Option: D

The premium on issue of shares (whether received in cash or in kind) is a:

  1. Revenue receipt

  2. Capital receipt

  3. Neither revenue nor capital receipt

  4. Both revenue and capital receipts


Correct Option: B

The formula of earning per share is ___________.

  1. $\dfrac {\text {Market price per equity share}}{\text {Number of shares}}$

  2. $\dfrac {\text {Gross profit}}{\text {Net sales}}\times 100$

  3. $\dfrac {\text {Operating costs}}{\text {Net sales}}\times 100$

  4. $\dfrac {\text {Net profit after tax and preference dividend}}{\text {Number of Equity shares}}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Earning per share is the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of the common stock. It serves as an indicator of the company's profitability. It is calculated by dividing the market price per equity share by no. of shares.

When business is sold to company, shares and debentures received are distributed in:

  1. The profit sharing ratio

  2. Equal ratio

  3. The ratio of their capitals standing before profit or loss on realization has been transferred

  4. The ratio of their capitals standing after profit or loss on realization has been transferred


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Whatever the company pays as consideration will be credited to the Realisation Account. If expenses are incurred by the firm, the amount will be debited to the Realisation Account. If the creditors are taken over by the company, no further treatment is necessary beyond transferring them to the credit of Realisation Account; but if creditors are to be paid by the firm, the actual amount paid to them will be debited to liability account concerned; the difference between the book figure and the amount actually paid will be transferred to Realisation Account. The profit or’ loss on realisation will be transferred to the capital accounts in the profit-sharing ratio.

'Premium on Redemption of Debentures Account' is a:

  1. Personal Account

  2. Real Account

  3. Nominal Account

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Premium on redemption of debentures is a personal account and it is a liability of the company which is payable on redemption.

Given following data calculate cost of capital under Net Income (NI) Approach 
(1) EBIT is Rs. 20 Lakhs.
(2) 4,00,000 shares of Rs. 10 each & market capitalisation is $16\%$ 
(3) 25,000, $14\%$ debentures of Rs. 150 each.

  1. $16\%$

  2. $14\%$

  3. $15\%$

  4. $15.42\%$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

First calculate net earnings available to equity shareholders deducting interest on debt i.e. NI then calculate market value of equity i.e. $\frac{NI}{K _e}$ where $k _e$ = market capitalization rate then value of firm V = S + B lastly $K _e$ = $\frac{EBIT}{V}$.

Non-convertible debentures are ________________.

  1. debt instruments which acquire equity status at the issuers option

  2. debt instruments which retain their debt character and cannot acquire equity status

  3. debt instruments which acquire equity status with the permission of Registrar of Companies

  4. debt instruments which acquire equity status on maturity


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is the odd one?

  1. Net worth

  2. Owners equity

  3. Fixed interest liability

  4. Non-redeemable shares


Correct Option: C

A debenture holder is not entitled to _________.

  1. voting right

  2. claim dividend

  3. claim bonus shares

  4. all the above


Correct Option: D

Debenture holders are ________.

  1. owners of the company

  2. lenders of the company

  3. debtors of the company

  4. trustee of the company


Correct Option: B

Which of the following is incorrect with respect of debentures?

  1. They can be issued for cash

  2. They can be issued for consideration other than cash

  3. They can be issued as collateral security

  4. They can be issued in lieu of dividends


Correct Option: D

In the event of liquidation of the company the debenture holders have prior right for __________.

  1. interest

  2. principal amount

  3. both (a) & (b)

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: D

When a company is not earning profits, then which of the following securities proves a burden on the finances of the company?

  1. Equity Shares

  2. Preference Shares

  3. Redeemable Preference Shares

  4. Debentures


Correct Option: D

Which of the following is false?

  1. Equity is owners' stake and the debentures is a debt

  2. Rate of interest on debentures is fixed

  3. Debenture holders get preferential treatment over the equity holders at the time of liquidation

  4. Interest on debentures is an appropriation of profits


Correct Option: D

Which of the following securities put a burden on the finance of a company, when there are no profits?

  1. Equity shares

  2. Preference shares

  3. Debentures 

  4. All of these


Correct Option: C

Which of the following statement correctly describes debentures?

  1. Income bonds that require interest payments only when earnings permit.

  2. Income bonds that are not require interest payments  when earnings permit.

  3. Subordinated debt and rank behind convertible bonds.

  4. A form of lease financing similar to equipment trust certificates.


Correct Option: C

Which of the following statement correctly describes debentures?

  1. Income bonds that require interest payments only when earnings permit

  2. Income bonds that are not require interest payments only when earnings permit

  3. Subordinated debt and rank behind convertible bonds

  4. A form of lease financing similar to equipment trust certificates


Correct Option: C

In debenture account ________ is to be mentioned.

  1. Name of the debenture

  2. Rate of interest

  3. Date of issue debenture

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following items is not an appropriation of profit for a limited company_______.

  1. Preference shares dividend payable

  2. Ordinary dividend payable by the company

  3. Income tax payable by the company

  4. Debenture interest payable


Correct Option: D

Debenture is -

  1. a written instrument acknowledging a debt written by its holder

  2. an oral acknowledgement of debt by a company

  3. a written instrument acknowledging a debt written by its company

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Debenture is a written instrument acknowledging a debt under the common seal of the company. It contains a contract for repayment of principal after a specified period or at intervals or at the option of the company and for payment of interest at a fixed rate payable usually either half-yearly or yearly on fixed dates.

Debentures can be ________.
I. Mortgage Debentures or Simple Debentures.
II. Registered Debentures or Bearer Debentures.
III. Redeemable Debentures or Non- Convertible Debentures.
IV. Convertible Debentures or Non- Convertible Debentures.

  1. Both (I) and (II) above

  2. Both (I) and (III) above

  3. Both (II) and (III) above

  4. All of (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.


Correct Option: D

From the point of view of security, the debentures are classified as -

  1. Secured and unsecured Debentures

  2. Redeemable Debentures and Irredeemable Debentures

  3. Convertible Debentures and Non-convertible Debentures

  4. Registered Debentures and Bearer Debentures


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Debentures can be secured in nature, it may be unsecured in nature. A secured debenture is secured by the charge on some asset or set of assets which is known as secured or mortgage debenture and another when it is issued solely on the credibility of the issuer is known as the naked or unsecured debenture. 

Debenture Trust Deed is created by -

  1. The company

  2. The Trustees

  3. The SEBI

  4. The company Law Tribunal


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The document created by the company, whereby trustees are appointed to protect the interest of debenture-holders before they are offered for public subscription is known as Debenture Trust Deed.

Debenture Trust Deed must be executed within-

  1. $1$ month of the closure of issue

  2. $3$ months of the closure of issue

  3. $6$ months of the closure of issue

  4. $1$ month before the opening of issue


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 A trust deed shall be executed by the issuer company in favour of the debenture trustees within six months of the closure of the issue.

Debenture contains provisions as regards -

  1. the repayment of principal only

  2. the payment of interest at a fixed rate only

  3. the payment of interest at a fluctuating rate only

  4. the repayment of principal and the payment of interest at a fixed rate.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Debenture is a written instrument acknowledging a debt to the Company. It contains a contract for repayment of principal after a specified period or at intervals or at the option of the company and for payment of interest at a fixed rate payable usually either half-yearly or yearly on fixed dates.

In Balance Sheet of a Company, Interest accrued and due on debentures appears under the head -

  1. Share Capital

  2. Reserves & Surplus

  3. Current Liabilities

  4. Non-Current Liabilities


Correct Option: C

Who is not eligible to be appointed as Debenture Trustee:

  1. A Scheduled Bank

  2. A Public Financial Institution

  3. An Insurance Company

  4. A partnership firm carrying on banking Business


Correct Option: D

Debenture Trustess are to be appointed in case of issue of:

  1. All Debentures

  2. Debentures with maturity of more than $18$ months

  3. Debentures with maturity of lessthan $18$ months

  4. Convertible Debentures


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

No Public Issue/Rights Issue of Debentures shall be made by a company unless it has appointed one or more Debenture Trustees for such debentures whereas under SEBI guidelines, appointment of Debenture Trustees is compulsory only in case of debentures with maturity of 18 months or more.

Consider the following items.
1. Debentures  2. Prepaid rent
3. Accrued interest   4. Bank overdraft
Liabilities would include

  1. 2, 3 and 4

  2. 1, 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4


Correct Option: C

Debentures issued as collateral security for Rs 10,000 will be debited to ________________.

  1. Debentures suspense A/c

  2. Bank A/c

  3. Debentures A/c

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A

First debentures and second debentures would denote a classification of debentures on the basis of ______________.

  1. Security

  2. Redemption

  3. Record

  4. Priority


Correct Option: D

Advantage of debt financing is:

  1. Interest is tax-deductible

  2. It reduces WACC

  3. Does not dilute owners control

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Advantages of Debt Financing over equity are:

1) Tax advantage: The amount you pay in interest is tax deductible.
2) Retains Ownership- With debt financing you don't have togive out a stake in your company.
3) Reduces WACC- The cost of debt is the interest rate applied on loans borrowed from bank and Non-banking financial institutions. A company can reduce its WACC by cutting debt financing costs.

Tax-rate is relevant and important for calculation of specific cost of capital of ____________.

  1. Equity Share Capital

  2. Preference Share Capital

  3. Debentures

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In case of debenture, interest payable is the cost of capital. Interest on debenture is tax deducible and charged to profit & loss account as an expense. It reduces the tax liability of the business. 

Tax rate is relevant and important for calculation of cost of capital for debenture. 

___________ are those debentures where the debenture holder have option to convert into equity.

  1. Optional debentures

  2. Flexible debentures

  3. Convertible debentures

  4. Non-convertible debentures


Correct Option: C
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