Mycorrhiza - class-XI
Description: mycorrhiza | |
Number of Questions: 58 | |
Created by: Karuna Seth | |
Tags: biology kingdom monera, protista and fungi botany living world biological classification |
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding mycorrhiza ?
-
It helps In absorption of phosphorus from the soil.
-
It is a symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of higher plants.
-
It helps the plant in developing resistance to root-borne pathogens.
-
None of these
Mycorrhiza is the
-
Symbiotic association between fungus and roots of seed plants.
-
Parasitic association between fungus and the roots of seed plants.
-
Saprophytic association between fungus and roots of seed plants.
-
All of the above.
Mycorrhiza refers to the symbiotic association of a fungus and roots of vascular plants. During this association, the fungus colonizes on the roots of the host seed plants either intracellularly or extracellulary and is generally mutualistic rather than pathogenic.
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between root and
-
Alga
-
Fungus
-
Bacteria
-
Virus
A mycotrophic humus plant is
-
Neottia
-
Wullschleigelia
-
Monotropa
-
None of the above
Neottia is a mycotrophic humus plant because it feeds on fungi for obtaining food and energy. This is because these plants lack chlorophyll to make their own food material.
Mycorrhiza, a relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants is
-
Parasitic relationship
-
Saprophytic relationship
-
Symbiotic relationship
-
Epiphytic relationship
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between Fungi and roots of higher plants, which grow in mineral deficient soil. It helps to absorb water and minerals like phosphorous from soil for the benefit of plant and in turn gets nutrition from the plant, as fungi cannot synthesize its own food.
A symbiotic association between fungus and underground part of a plant is
-
Hyperparasite
-
Mycorrhiza
-
Endophyte
-
Subterranean parasite
A. Hyperparasite is an organism which lives off another parasite.
Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in:
-
enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity
-
increasing its tolerance to drought
-
enhancing its resistance to root pathogens
-
increasing its resistance to Insects.
Which one of the following plays an important role in phosphate nutrition of plants?
-
VAM
-
1PM
-
Legumes
-
Cyanobacteria
Role of VAM in Nutrient uptake of crop plants:
- Microorganism and their role in soil must be considered as a key component among those conferring soil fertility and productivity.
- One of the most important plants-microbe interactions is the association of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi with higher plants.
VAM represents
-
Saprophytic fungi
-
Symbiotic fungi
-
Saprophytic bacteria
-
Symbiotic bacteria
VAM is
-
Bioinsecticide
-
Bioherbicide
-
Endomycorrhiza
-
Ectomycorrhiza
In what way does a fungus growing around the roots of higher plants benefit them?
-
It products antimicrobial substances
-
It produces growth promoting substances
-
It helps in absorbing water nitrogen and other minerals
-
All of them
Mycorrhiza acts as
-
Mechanical tissue
-
Root hair in adverse conditions
-
Modified root
-
Organ for vegetative propagation
The symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants is referred to as:
-
lichen
-
mycorrhiza
-
biofertiliser
-
biocontrol agent
- The symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants is referred to as mycorrhiza.
- The plant supports the fungus by providing carbohydrates needed for fungal growth, while the fungus helps the plant by increasing its root surface area.
- So, the correct answer is 'Mycorrhiza'.
Select correct statement w.r.t. mycorrhiza
-
Ectomycorrhiza forms hartig net in the intracellular spaces of cortex cells
-
Endotrophic mycorrhiza are mostly basidiaamycetes members
-
VAM is a special type of endomycorrhiza and absorbs phosphate
-
Mycorrhizal or fungal roots have root cap and root hairs
- The ectomycorrhiza's hyphae does not penetrate the cortex cells and they only colonize in the intercellular spaces between them, and this network of hyphae are called as hartig net. So, the first statement is correct.
- The endotrophic mycorrhiza are a type of arbascular mycorrhiza.
- Vesicular arbascular mycorrhiza help the plants to grow well by colonizing their roots and helping them to efficiently absorb the phosphate in the soil.
- So the correct option is 'VAM is a special type of endomycorrhiza and absorbs phosphate'.
Which one of the following is a useful functional association between fungi and the roots of higher plants?
-
Lichen
-
Coralloid root
-
Biofertilizer
-
Mycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza is a useful functional association between fungi and the roots of higher plants in which fungi absorb nutrients from the soil as their roots are not such strong and the tree provides food to the fungi. The best example is Orchid mycorrhiza
Glomus sp., which involve in mycorrhizal association belongs to
-
Ectotrophic mycorrhiza
-
Endotrophic mycorrhiza
-
Parasitic fungus
-
Cyanobacteria
VAM (Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae) represents
-
Saprophytic bacteria
-
Symbiotic fungi
-
Saprophytic fungi
-
Parasitic algae
Mycorrhiza biofertilizer is also known as VAM, adheres to plants rhizoids leading to development of hyphae. Hyphae boost development and spreading of white root in to soil leading to significant increase in rhizosphere. These hyphae further penetrate and form arbuscules within the root cortical. VAM fungi form a special symbiotic relationship with roots of plant that can enhance growth and survivability of colonized plants. Mycorrhiza biofertilizer is very useful in organic farming as well as normal commercial farming. So, VAM is a symbiotic fungi and not a parasitic algae, saprophytic bacteria and saprophytic fungi. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Mycorrhizae are the example of
-
Amensalism
-
Antibiosis
-
Mutualism
-
Fungistasis
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
-
Azospirillum - Maize
-
Mycorrhiza - Pine
-
VAM - Mycoherbicide
-
Rotenone - Natural insecticide
Azospirillum inoculations are recommended mainly for sorghum, millets, maize, sugarcane and wheat.
Mycorrhizal biofertilizers can be used for pine trees.
Rotenone is an odourless, colourless, crystalline ketonic chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant and the roots of several members of Fabaceae.
VAM is a biofertilizer and not a mycoherbicide.
The association between fungus and root system of certain plants is called as
-
Amensalism
-
Competition
-
Mycorrhiza
-
Cauliflory
- Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
- The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system.
- Mycorrhizae play a role in plant nutrition, soil biology and soil chemistry.
- Hence, Mycorrhiza is the association between fungus and root system of some plants
- So, the correct answer is 'Mycorrhiza'.
The ectomycorrhizae form _______ on the root surface.
-
Root tuber
-
Mantle
-
Root hair
-
Vesicles
Ectomycorrhizas are further differentiated from other mycorrhizas by the formation of a dense hyphal sheath, known as the mantle, surrounding the root surface. The sheathing mantle can be up to 40 Hm thick, with hyphae extending soil. These associations are formed predominantly on the fine root tips of the host distributed unevenly throughout the root surface.
Mycorrhiza is an example of
-
Symbiotic relationship
-
Ectoparasitism
-
Endopasitism
-
Decomposers
Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species in which both species benefit. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of vascular plants and fungi.
What is true about mycorrhiza?
-
It is an association of fungus and higher plants.
-
It is association of algae and fungi.
-
It is association of algae with higher plants.
-
None of the above.
Mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations essential for one or both partners, between a fungus (specialised for life in soils and plants) and a root (or other substrate-contacting organ) of a living plant, that is primarily responsible for nutrient transfer. Mycorrhizas occur in a specialised plant organ where intimate contact results from synchronised plant-fungus development. Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of the soil microflora in many ecosystems, but usually have limited saprophytic abilities. They are considered to have many important roles in natural and managed ecosystems.
Mycorrhiza is an example of
-
Symbiotic relationships
-
Ectoparasitism
-
Endoparasitism
-
Decomposers
Mycorrhizae is the symbiotic association between the plant roots and fungi. The fungi colonize the living root tissue during active plant growth. The relationship between plants and fungi is symbiotic because the plant obtains phosphate and other minerals through the fungus, while the fungus obtains sugars from the plant root.
Fungal association of roots of higher plants in mycorrhiza is
-
Parasitism
-
Hyperparasitism
-
Mutualism
-
Commensalism
In mutualism or symbiosis both the organisms in the association are mutually benefitted and further this association is obligatory, i.e., necessary for the existence of both organisms. Mycorrhiza is an example of symbiosis. It is an association between roots of higher plants and fungal hyphae. The fungal hyphae supply water and nutrients to the plant and in turn get food from the plant. So, both the organisms are mutually benefitted.
Mycorrhizae specialized for absorption of nutrients from the soil are
-
Symbiotic association of fungi with algae
-
Symbiotic association of fungi with roots of higher plants
-
Symbiotic association of fungi with insects
-
Fungi living on leaves of plants
Mycorrhiza is the association of fungi and the roots of plants. It is a symbiotic association where fungus helps in increasing the surface area of absorption. The mycorrhiza fungi help in the mineral uptake for the plant. The plant provides shelter and protection to the fungus. The fungus also obtains sugars from the plant.
Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
-
Rhizobium -Parasite in the roots of leguminous plants.
-
Mycorrhizae -Mineral uptake from soil.
-
Yeast -Production of biogas.
-
Myxomycetes -The ringworm diseases
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants. Mycorrhizae present in the soil help in the uptake of minerals from soil. These organisms also help in the binding of roots to the soil. Since it is active transport in the roots, the mycorrhizae help in this active transport of minerals.
Mycorrhiza exhibits the phenomenon of
-
Antagonism
-
Endemism
-
Parasitism
-
Symbiosis
Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species. In symbiotic relationship, the two species benefits. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of plants and fungi. The fungal symbiont gets shelter and food from the plant which, in turn, acquires an array of benefits such as better uptake of phosphorus, salinity and drought tolerance, maintenance of water balance, and overall increase in plant growth and development.
VAM contains
-
Symbiotic bacteria
-
Saprophytic bacteria
-
Symbiotic fungi
-
Saprophytic fungi
Mycorrhiza promotes plant growth by
-
Absorbing inorganic ions from soil
-
Serving as plant growth regulator
-
Protecting plant from infection
-
Helping plant in using atmospheric nitrogen
Mycorrhiza generally occurs in :
-
Alkaline soils
-
Acidic soils
-
Oligotrophic soils
-
Eutrophic soils
They prefer marshy environment and utilize dead and decaying material as food. Oligotrophic soil ( in between layers) have the above mentioned requirements in good quantities.Thus, the fungi prefer the oligotrophic soil for their survival
In endomycorrhiza, the fungus is generally _________.
-
Ascomycetes
-
Zygomycetes
-
Basidiomycetes
-
Deuteromycetes
True symbiotic association between fungus and seed plant is
-
Endomycorrhiza
-
Ectomycorrhiza
-
Helotism
-
Commensalism
In mycorrhiza, the fungal hyphae
-
Remain restricted to the root surface.
-
Remain restricted upto the root cortex.
-
Pass into the root interior.
-
Enter the root apex and reach all parts.
In mycorrhiza, the tips of fungal hyphae occur inside cortical cells in _______
-
Ectomycorrhiza
-
Endomycorrhiza
-
Extomycorrhiza
-
None of these
The cortex is only one cell thick and these cells are packed with fungal hyphae. The nutrient exchange between the fungus and plant takes place at this interface and is extremely efficient
Ectomycorrhiza is found in
-
Several trees and shrubs of tropical areas
-
Many vascular plants of tropical area
-
Several trees and shrubs of temperate areas
-
Small vascular plants
Fungal hyphae remain intercellular in
-
Endomycorrhiza
-
VAM
-
Ectomycorrhiza
-
Both A and B
Plants growing in oligotrophic forest soils usually have
-
Mycorrhiza
-
Slow growth
-
Reduced growth
-
All of the above
VAM is component of _________
-
Ectomycorhiza
-
Endomycorhiza
-
Green manure
-
Mycoherbicides
The ectomycorrhiza is an association that takes place at the surface of the roots whereas the endomycorrizal fungi penetrate into the root cortex and form arbuscules within the root cells.
Mycorrhiza is helpful in
-
Synthesis of food
-
Getting nutrients from soil
-
Providing resistance against different regulators
-
Increase the fertility of soil
A phosphate solubilising symbiotic association is :
-
Rhizobium
-
Mycorrhiiza
-
Azolla
-
Pseudomonas
Roots of most terrestrial plants are colonized by symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi are capable of mobilizing inorganic phosphates or compound phosphates present in the soil to the plant an a source of Phosphorus.
VAM is a
-
Mycorrhiza
-
Succulent
-
Epiphyte
-
Mesophyte
Full form of VAM is Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. It is formed by the symbiotic association between certain phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots. Thus VAM is a mycorrhiza.
Association of roots of higher plants and fungi is?
-
Moss
-
Fern
-
Lichen
-
Mycorrhiza
Symbiotic association between roots of higher plants and fungi is termed as mycorrhiza.
VAM is
-
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza
-
Variable adenine mutation
-
Variable associative mutualism
-
Vitamins and minerals
Fungi forms symbiotic association with roots of higher plants, known as mycorrhizae. When fungal hyphae penetrate through cortex cells of root, these are called as Endomycorrhizae. These are also called vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae or VAM, because cortical cells swell and form vesicles or arbuscles. it has significant role in phosphorus nutrition in plants. hence, Option A is correct.
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between
-
Bacteria and fungi
-
Algae and fungi
-
Fungi and roots of higher plants
-
Blue green algae and roots of higher plants
- Fungi present in the roots of the plants show a symbiotic relationship with each other.
- It helps the roots of the plants to absorb more nutrients and water from the soil.
- It also helps them obtain better resistance to environmental stresses. In return, plants provide shelter and nutrition to mycorrhiza.
Mycorrhiza improve the soil structure by _______________.
-
Secreting carbonic acids
-
Releasing glycosides
-
Absorbing heavy metals
-
Adding amino acids
The fungus which grows around the root surface is called
-
Endomycorrhizae
-
Ectomycorrhizae
-
Rhizomorph
-
Hatistoria
Mycorrhiza is an association between a fungus and the root of the higher plant, for example, pinus, eucalyptus etc.
Roots of higher plants develop mycorrhiza for obtaining
-
Sulphates
-
Nitrogen
-
Phosphates
-
All of the above
Mycorrhiza is a type of symbiotic relationship. It is seen when two organisms have mutually beneficial relationship with each other. In this cas, the roots of plants host fungi, which helps them obtain water, sulphur, phosphates from soil. They also help them fix nitrogen. Inturn, fungi obtain nutrition and shelter
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between
-
Algae and Fungi
-
Algae and Roots of plants
-
Fungi and Roots of plants
-
Viruses and Bacteria
Fungi present in the roots of the plants show a symbiotic relationship with each other. It helps the roots of the plants to absorb more nutrients and water from the soil. It also helps them obtain better resistance to environmental stresses. In return, plants provide shelter and nutrition to mycorrhiza.
Mycorrhiza is an example of
-
Symbiotic relationships
-
Ectoparasitism
-
Endoparasitism
-
Decomposers
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relation seen between certain plants and fungi. The fungi live on the roots of certain plants and help them absorb water and nutrients from the soil in a better way. In return, plants provide shelter and nutrition to fungi. So, both the organisms mutually befit each other.
Consider the following statements.
a. Mycorrhizae decrease the efficiency of plants to absorb phosphorus from the soil.
b. Only certain prokaryotes synthesize the enzyme nitrogen's.
Which of the statements are correct?
-
$1$ only
-
$2$ only
-
Both $1$ and $2$
-
Neither $1$ nor $2$
Which one is an example of mutualism?
(b) Orchid and Bee
(c) Fig tree and wasp
(d) Epiphytes.
-
a and b
-
b and d
-
a and c
-
a, b and c
Orchids and orchid bees are a classic example of mutualism. The flowers depend on the bees to pollinate them so they can reproduce and, in return, the bees get fragrance compounds they use during courtship displays and mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates formed from photosynthesis.
Select the true statements out of the following.
(A) VAM is useful for phosphate absorption.
(B) Most of the lichens are ascolichens.
(C) Trebouxia is most common phycobiont in lichens.
-
Only A and B
-
Only B and C
-
Only C
-
A, B and C
Lichens are classified as per their fungal component and the species are given the same binomial name as per the fungus species in the lichen. The partner in a lichen which enables photosynthesis is called as photobiont and the algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Trebouxia, a genus of green algae is most common phycobiont and occurs in 40% of all lichens.
Since, the fungal component of the lichen may be a ascomycete or a basidiomycete, the associated lichens to ascomycetes are called as ascolichens.
Vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM fungi) forms symbiosis with higher plants. This type of symbiosis helps in the intake of nutrients especially phosphorus.
Give a brief account on VAM.
-
Forms fungal sheath around root
-
Fungal hypha grows intracelluarly
-
Fungal hypha destoys cortical cells to rach phloem of the plant
-
Forms hartig net in the intercellular spaces of cortex
An association between roots of higher plants and fungi is called
-
Lichen
-
Fem
-
Mycorrhiza
-
BGA
A mycorrhiza is a harmonious relationship between an organism and the underlying roots of a vascular host plant.
Fungus which is found in Pinus root is
-
Amanita
-
Corticium
-
Fornes
-
None of the above
Mycorrhiza is the term used to define the association of fungi on roots of vascular plants. In the case of woody plants such as pine, birch and oak, the fungi belonging to the phyllum; Basidomycota and Acomycota form the mycorrhizal assoociations. Ectomycorrhizas, such as Amanita and Boletus form mycorrhizas on Pinus.
Mycorrhiza is an association between roots of higher plant and fungus. It is an example of
-
Symbiosis
-
Parasitism
-
Helotism
-
None of the above
Biologically, mycorrhiza is defined as an association of fungi and roots of vascular plants. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus tends to colonise the host plant roots either intracellular or extracellular. However, this is a symbiotic association, which is generally mutualistic and rarely pathogenic.
Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.
Column I | Column II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A. | Mycorrhizae | (i) | Azadirachtin |
B. | Bacillus thuringiensis | (ii) | Phosphorus nutrition |
C. | Root nodules | (iii) | Leghaemoglobin |
D. | Biopesticide | (iv) | Bioinsecticide |
-
A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)
-
A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)
-
A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)
-
A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)