Structure of male and female reproductive structures - class-X
Description: structure of male and female reproductive structures | |
Number of Questions: 57 | |
Created by: Girish Devgan | |
Tags: botany reproduction biology plants: structure and function asexual and sexual reproduction in plants reproduction - the generating system reproduction in plants and animals |
The nucellus of the ovule is:
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haploid
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diploid
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triploid
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polyploidy
In seed plants, Ovule is the part of the female reproductive organ. It consists of three parts; Integument ( forming its outer layer) Embryo sac ( female gametophyte) and a Nucellus that is the central and largest part of the ovule as a source of nutrients for the embryo and its ploidy is diploid i.e 2n
Nucellus is derived from the apical portion of the ovule primordium of the ovule primordium and function as a megasporangium i.e, the nucellus produces the megasporocyte, which will undergo meiosis to form megaspores that is the reason that nucellus of the ovule is diploid in nature.
So, the nucellus of ovule is diploid.
In Angiosperms, the common type of ovule is __________.
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Anatropous
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Orthotropous
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Hemi anatropous
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Campylotropous
Ovule represents
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Microsporangium
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Megasporangium
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Gametophyte
-
Embryo.
Microsporangium | Pollen grains or male gamete |
---|---|
Megasporangium | Ovules or female gamete |
Gametophyte | Sexual phase in the life cycle of the plant |
Embryo | Part of a seed, which is formed after fertilization |
So, the correct answer is 'Megasporangium'
An angiospermic plant has to produce $88$ viable embryo sacs. How many meiotic divisions will be needed to produce equal number of female gametophytes by this plant?
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$88$
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$22$
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$44$
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$132$
The stalk of ovule is
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Pedicel
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Funiculus
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Petiole
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Rachiolo
The ovule of flowering plants are located inside the gynoecium and are connected to the placenta which is a parenchymatous tissue via a stalk-like structure called the funiculus.
The female reproductive system produces haploid (n) gametes called ............. or egg cell.
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Ovum
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Endosperm
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Pollen grains
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Synergids
A. Female gametes are also called eggs or ovum. They are created during the cellular reproduction process known as meiosis. The resulting gamete cell is a haploid cell.
Androphore is lightly differentiated in the flower of .................
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$Rafflesia$
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$Calycanthus$
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$Salvia$
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$Passiflora$
When in a flower, the internode between the corolla and the androecium is lengthened so as to raise the androecium high up in the air then that internode is called Androphore. It is an extension of the receptacle carrying the androecium and the gynoecium, typical of the caper family. In Passiflora, androphore is lightly differentiated.
When pollen tube enters through the base of a funiculus or the integument the phenomenon is known as
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Porogamy
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Chalazogamy
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Mesogamy
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Isogamy
When pollen tube enters through the micropyle, the phenomenon is known as porogamy. When pollen tube enters to the embryo sac through the tissue of the chalaza, the phenomenon is known as chalazogamy. When pollen tube enters through the base of a funiculus or the integument, the phenomenon is known as mesogamy. Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves fusion of gametes of similar size and structure.
Ovule is comparable to ............
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Megasporangium
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Microsporangium
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Microsporophyll
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Megasporophyll
Ovule means 'small egg'. In seed plants, the ovule is the surface that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integuments form its outer layers, the nucellus and female gametophyte in its center. The female gametophyte specifically termed as megagametophyte is also called the embryo sac in angiosperms.
Nurse tissue of ovule is .............
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Nucellus
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Chalaza
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Hilum
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Micropyle
The mature ovule contains in its central part a region called the nucellus that in turn contains an embryo sac with eight nuclei, each with one set of chromosomes. The two nuclei near the centre are referred to as polar nuclei. In the pines, the female gametophyte develops within the tissues of the nucellus and acquires abundant food reserves. The proembryo forms after a period of free-nuclear division in the zygote, and the tier of cells above the basal four then elongates to form a suspensor which pushes the embryonic group deep into the gametophyte.
Select the correct match.
List I | List II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | Endothecium | 1 | Nutritive layer |
B | Tapetum | 2 | Single flower |
C | Tulip | 3 | Floral organs are borne |
D | Receptacle | 4 | Middle layer of anther |
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A- 4, B- 1, C- 2, D- 3
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A- 1, B- 4, C- 3, D- 2
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A- 3, B- 4, C-2, D- 1
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A- 2, B- 3, C- 4, D- 1
Endothecium is defined as the lining of the inner cavity of the anther. It is present as a middle layer.
The cotyledon in monocot plant is one and
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Lateral
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Terminal
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Basal
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Vertical
What is the number of chromosomes in aleurone layer if 10 number of chromosomes are found in megaspore mother cell?
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10
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20
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15
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None of the above
If chromosomes of megaspore mother cell are 10; it ensures that the diploid number is 10. 2n = 10. Therefore, n = 5. Aleurone layer will be triploid in nature. Thus, the number of chromosomes in aleurone layer = 15.
The root cell of wheat plant has 42 chromosomes. What would be the number of chromosomes in the synergid cells?
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7
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14
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21
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28
The pollen tube ultimately enters an ovule through the micropyle and penetrates one of the sterile cells on either side of the egg ( synergids). These synergids begin to degenerate immediately after pollination.
Synergids are haploid in nature. Thus, if root cell has 2n = 42, synergids will have n = 21.
The point of attachment of funicle with chalazal end is called as
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Placenta
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Integument
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Nucellus
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Hilum
The hilum is the point of attachment of funicle with the chalazal end. It is the point where ovule attaches to the base. It is generally present as an eye of the seed as it is present as a scar.
Assertion : Most common type of ovule is anatropous.
Reason : Anatropous ovule is horse-shoe shaped.
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Both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
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Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
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Assertion is true but Reason is false
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Both Assertion and Reason are false
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Assertion is false but Reason is true
The ovules where micropyle come to lie close to the funiculus due to unilateral growth of the ovule are called anatropous. This is the most common type of ovule in angiosperms where the curvature of the ovule also affects the nucellus so that the later becomes horse shoe-shaped. The ovule is called amphitropous.
Assertion: In hemianatropous ovule, the funicle lies parallel to body of ovule.
Reason: Here, body of ovule has rotated by $90^{o}$.
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Both assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
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Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
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Assertion is true but Reason is false
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Both Assertion and Reason are false
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Assertion is false but Reason is true
When funicle lies at right angle to body of ovule and micropyle, the ovule is called hemianatropous or body of ovule has rotated by $90^{o}$.
The megasporangium of the angiosperms on fertilization gives rise to
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A fruit
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Seed
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An embryo
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Cotyledons
The nucellus is a part of the inner structure of the ovule, forming a layer of diploid (sporophytic) cells inside the integuments. It is structurally and functionally equivalent to the megasporangium. In some plants, the diploid tissue of the nucellus gives rise to a seed through a mechanism of asexual reproduction called nucellar embryony.
Ovule is called
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Megasporangium
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Microsporangium
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Integumented microsporangium
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Integumented megasporagium
What would be the number of chromosomes in the cell of the aleurone layer in a plant species with 8 chromosomes in its synergids?
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32
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8
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16
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24
Synergid is one of two small, short-lived nuclei lying near the egg in the mature embryo sac of a flowering plant. The synergids are part of the egg apparatus and are thought to help the pollen nucleus reach the egg cell for fertilization.
A nutritive inner region of integument is?
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Amphithecium
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Endothecium
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Endothelium
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Endostomium
The point at which funiculus touches the ovule is
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Chalaza
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Hilum
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Raphe
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Endothelium
Out of linear tetrad which one is the functional megaspore
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Micropylar
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Any of the middle ones
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Chalazal
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Any of the four
Orthotropous ovules occur in
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Pisum sativum
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Solanum nigrum
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Polygonum
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Helianthus
A mass of parenchymatous tissue forming the bulk of ovule is
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Obturator
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Female gametophyte
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Nucellus
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Endosperm
Secondary nucleus formed by the fusion of two polar nuclei is also called
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Vegetative nucleus
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Definitive nucleus
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Generative nucleus
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Primary endosperm nucleus
The most common type of ovule is
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Orthotropous
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Hemitropous
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Anatropous
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Campylotropous
Name the type of ovule in which hilum, chalazal and micropyle come to lie nearby.
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Campylotropous
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Amphitropous
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Both A and B
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Hemitropous
• Campylotropous ovule- This type of ovule is similar to Anatropous ovule but the curvature is less than that of an anatropous ovule. Micropyle is near to the funiculus. Chalaza and micropyle lie in the straight line but hilum is at 90° to the micropyle.
Archesporium of ovule is
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Single celled derived from nucellar epidermis
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Single celled derived from nucellar hypodermis
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Multicellular derived from nucellar epidermis
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Multicellular derived from nucellar hypodermis
In the ovule or megasporangium, during the process of megasporogenesis, a hypodermal cell functions as a archesporium cell and becomes more prominent because of large size, denser cytoplasm and large nucleus. In tenuinucellate ovules, archesporial cell directly functions as megaspore mother cell while in crassinucellate ovules, archesporial cell divides periclinally to form an outer parietal cell and inner primary sporogenous cell that functions as megaspore mother cell.
Ovule is inverted with body fused to funicle, micropyle lying close to hilum and facing the placenta. It is?
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Hemitropous
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Orthotropous
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Anatropous
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Campylotropous
•Hemianatropous ovule- The body of ovule is turned through 90° and micropyle and chalaza lie in a straight line but funiculus is at right angle or 90° with both these two.
The body of ovule lies straight in continuation of funicle, with funicle chalazal and micropyle in straight line. The type of ovule is?
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Anatropous
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Orthotropus
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Hemitropous
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Amphitropous
Circinotropous ovule occurs in
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Opuntia
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Ranunculus
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Polygonum
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Cicer
Body of the ovule is straight but at right angles to the funicle. It is
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Orthotropous
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Campylotropous
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Hemitropous
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Amphitropous
•Orthotropous ovule is the simplest and primitive type of ovule. In this type of ovule, micropyle, chalaza and funiculus lie in one vertical plane.
Which is diploid structure?
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Pollen grains
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Egg
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Megaspore
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MMC
The ovule of an angiospherem is technical equivalent to
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Megaspore
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Megasporangium
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Megasporophyll
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Megaspore mother cell
The placentas consists an enlarged basal portion which is called as ovary bearing one or more ovules also called as integumented megasporangium.
Match the columns and select the correct combination.
Column I | Column II | ||
---|---|---|---|
(a) | Ovule | 1. | Endosperm |
(b) | Funiculus | 2. | Aril |
(c) | Nucellus | 3. | Seed |
(d) | Polar nuclei | 4. | Perisperm |
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a- 3, b- 2, c- 1, d- 4
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a- 3, b- 2, c- 4, d- 1
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a- 1, b- 2, c- 3, d- 4
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a- 2, b- 3, c- 1, d- 4
Type of ovule present in Opuntia is
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Amphitropous
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Campylotropous
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Circinotropous
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Orthotropous
In ovule, cuticle is present over
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Outer part of integument
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Outer part of nucellus
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Surface of both nucellus and integuments
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None of the above
Which one produces callose for breaking plasmodesmal connections among microspore mother cell?
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Microspore mother cells
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Sporogenous cells
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Tapetum
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Middle layers
Match the columns and choose the correct combination.
I | II | ||
---|---|---|---|
1. | Funicle | a. | Small opening of ovule |
2. | Integument | b. | Stalk of ovule |
3. | Chalazal | c. | Protective envelopes of ovule |
4. | Hilum | d. | Junction part of ovule and stalk |
5. | Micropyle | e. | Basal part of ovule |
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1- b, 2- c, 3- e, 4- d, 5- a
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1- a, 2- c, 3- a, 4- d, 5- e
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1- b, 2- c, 3- a, 4- d, 5- e
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1- b, 2- d, 3- e, 4- a, 5- c
Ovules of Capsella and Pisum sativum are
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Orthotropous
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Anatropous
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Amphitropous
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Campylotropus
• Orthotropous ovule - The simplest and primitive type of ovule. In this type of ovule, micropyle, chalaza, and funiculus lie in one vertical plane. Examples: all gymnosperms, Polygonum.
Tetrad of megaspores is generally
-
Tetrahedral
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Linear
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Decussate
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Isobilateral
Ovule of Opuntia is
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Campylotropus
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Amphitropous
-
Circinotropous
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Hemitropous
The placenta is attached to the developing seed near the
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Testa
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Hilum
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Micropyle
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Chalaza
The placenta is attached to the developing seed near hilum. It is the scar located nearthe edge where seed breaks from stalk of funiculus, i.e., connecting the seed with fruitwall and placenta.
Which of the following pairs of terms is a correct match?
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Ovule-egg
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Pollen grain-sperm
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Seed-zygote
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Embryo sac-female gametophyte
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All of the above
Ovule- The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. The ovule is located inside the portion of the flower called the gynoecium.
In ovule, functional megaspore develops into ______________.
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Pollen mother cell-PMC
-
Megaspore mother cell-MMC
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Embryosac
-
Both 2 and 3
From which part of the ovary do seeds and fruit develop?
-
Ovaries; Ovules
-
Ovules; Ovaries
-
Ovules; Stamens
-
Stamens; Ovaries
The ovule develops into seed and ovary develops into fruit and seeds are enclosed within the fruit. Both are result of fertilisation in angiosperm plant.
In ovule, endothelium is
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Nucellus
-
Nucellus surrounding embryo sac
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Tissue near chalaza
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Inner part of integument
In 82% of angiosperm families, ovule is
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Anatropous
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Orthotropous
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Amphitropous
-
Circinotropous
Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The ovule is comparable to
-
megasporangium
-
microsporangium
-
megasporophyll
-
microsporophyll
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: The integument(s), forming its outer layer(s), the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its centre.
Ovule in which funicle, chalaza and micropyle occur in one vertical plane is _________.
-
Anatropous
-
Orthotropous
-
Amphitropous
-
Campylotropous
Those ovules in which the funicle, chalaza and micropyle lie in one straight line are called orthotropous ovules. Example, Urticaceae.
Starting from the Innermost part, the correct sequence of parts in an ovule are.
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Egg, nucellus, embryo sac, integument
-
Egg, embryo sac, nucellus, integument
-
Embryo sac, nucellus, integument, egg
-
Egg, integument, embryo sac, nucellus
Egg cell is inside the embryo sac in the ovule. The embryo sac is further enclosed by the parenchymatous tissue, nucellus, which provides nutrition to developing embryo. Nucellus is ultimately surrounded by integuments.
If spores have 10 chromosomes and 20 picogram DNA then what would be the chromosome number and DNA amount in spore mother cell at the end of S-phase in the life cycle of the same plant?
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40 chromosomes and 80 pg DNA
-
20 chromosomes and 80 pg DNA
-
20 chromosomes and 40 pg DNA
-
40 chromosomes and 40 pg DNA
State whether the following statements are true or false.
Ovules are classified on the basis of the position of micropyle with respect to funicle.
-
True
-
False
In seed plants, the ovule ("small egg") is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: The integument(s) form its outer layer(s), the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and female gametophyte (formed from haploid megaspore) in its centre. Mature ovules i.e. megasporangia in angiosperms are mainly of five types. The principle of classification is based on the position of the micropyle, chalaza and hilum with regard to one another and also to the placenta.
Following meiosis in ovules, how many megaspores are formed?
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Two
-
Four
-
Six
-
Eight
The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. The megaspore is produced inside the nucleus of the ovule. During megasporogenesis, the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce initially four haploid cells (the megaspores). After megasporogenesis, the megaspore develops into the female gametophyte (the embryo sac) in a process called megasporogenesis
The part of the flower that contains ovules is
-
Carpel
-
Stamen
-
Petal
-
Sepal
The carpel is one of the leaflike, seed-bearing structures that constitute the innermost whorl of a flower. The seeds of flowering plants are enclosed inside an ovary which contains ovule. The ovary is part of a flower's female reproductive structure called a carpel. A flower can have one or more carpels. If there are many carpels, they can be separate or fused together. Together, all the carpels are called a gynoecium, or a pistil.
What is the function of filiform apparatus in an angiospermic embryo sac?
-
Brings about opening of the pollen tube
-
Guides the pollen tube into a synergid
-
Prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into a synergid
-
None of these
The synergid cell wall forming an extremely thick structure at the micropylar end is called the filiform apparatus. It bears several finger-like projections into the structure of synergid cytoplasm. The function of filiform apparatus is to guide entry of pollen tube and release of sperm cells.