Vernalisation - class-XI
Description: vernalisation | |
Number of Questions: 53 | |
Created by: Arav Srivastava | |
Tags: growth and development plant growth biology plant growth and development |
Vernalization can remove Kernel wrinkles in:
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Wheat
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Petkus rye
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Maize
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Rice
- Vernalisation is defined as the qualitative or quantitative dependence of plants on exposure to a low temperature to flower. Temperature affects flowering, metabolic activities, and germination of seeds in plants. Plants that grow in mild weather germinate at low temperatures whereas those that grow in hot regions germinate at high temperatures.
- Some plants need exposure to a low temperature to germinate. Furthermore, a plant can be induced to flower in a growing season by exposing it to low temperature. Therefore, it shortens the vegetative phase and hastens flowering in plants.
Vernalization is subjected to plants growing in
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Tropical areas
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Sub tropical
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Temperate areas
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Hot areas/Arctic region
Which of the following is not true regarding vernalisation
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Its a temperature dependent phenomenon
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Its a light dependent phenomenon
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It prevents precocious reproductive development
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Its an aerobic process
The process of induction of flowering in plants, by exposing seeds at low temperature for prolonged periods is called Vernalisation. It is an aerobic, temperature dependent phenomena, prevents precocious reproductive development. It does not depend on light.
So, the correct answer to the question is ‘vernalisation is not a light dependent phenomena’.
Vernalization is a phenomenon which concerns
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Low temperature requirement for flowering in plants
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Migration of birds from their winter homes to summer habitats
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Immunization of infants against the common infectious diseases
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Entering of cold blooded animals into an inactive state in winter
Vernalization is the acquisition of a plant's ability to flower in the spring by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. Many plants grown in temperate climates require vernalization and must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. This ensures that reproductive development and seed production occurs in spring and summer, rather than in autumn.
Chemical agent that has important role in flowering is
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Fluorocarbon
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GA${ _3}$
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Florigen
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Auxins
What is vernalisation?
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Growth curve in response to light
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Recurrence of day and night
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Effect of day length on plant growth
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Acceleration of the ability to flower by low temperature treatment
Vernalization is the process of induction of flower by prolonged exposure to cold temperature. It is an adaptation shown by plants which are exposed to harsh winter followed by relatively short growing seasons. Vernalization is practiced artificially too.
Vernalization treatment can convert
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A biennial into an annual
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A spring variety into a winter variety
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An annual into a perennial
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All of these
Vernalization is the process of inducing flowering to a plant by exposing the plant to cold of winter or through artificial processes. The process of Vernalization converts a biennial into an annual and spring variety into a winter variety and an annual into a perennial.
Vernalization is
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Growth curve related to light
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Effect of photoperiods on plant growth
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Speeding up ability to flower by low temperature
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Diurnal photoperiodicty
In many plants, the temperature has a profound effect on flowering. Some plants do not flower under the inductive photoperiod conditions but flower when a cold temperature treatment is given to them. This acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment is said to be vernalization. It is the method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatments of their seeds at a very low temperature. Thus option C is the correct answer.
The pathway leading to flowering for plants that requires vernalization is the
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Seasonal pathway
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Light dependent pathway
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Temperature dependent pathway
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None of the above
Which of the following can shorten the vegetative period of plants?
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Vernalization
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Apical meristem
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Germination
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All of the above
Vernalization stimulates flowering in
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Turmeric
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Carrot
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Yam
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Ginger
The application of vernalization is
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Crop improvement
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Resistant to fungal disease
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Reduces cost of production
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All of the above
Vernalization (from Latin vernus, "of the spring") is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower. Through this process the quality of the crops can be improved, it helps to keep away the plants from the fungal disease and also helps to reduce the cost of the production.
So, the correct answer is option D.
The phenomena of vernalization is discovered by the
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Gassner
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Lysenko
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Pristely
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None of the above
Which of the following can converts winter variety crop plants into spring variety?
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Photoperiodism
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Vernalization
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Differentiation
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Sacrification
During spring season the cool-season crops plants have enough time to reach maturity before the weather turns warm. Vernalization if the process of cooling the seed to germinate and induce flowering process.
Flowering time can be changed through
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Vernalization
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Apical meristem
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Germination
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All of the above
Vernalization if the process of artificial induction of plant's flowering process which is discovered by Gassner and flowering time also changed by external factors.
The duration of cold treatment in vernalisation varies from
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Four days to four weeks
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Four days to ten days
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Four days to three months
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One month to three months
The acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment is said to be vernalization. It is the method of inducing early flowering in plants by pretreatments of their seeds at a very low temperature. Low-temperature effects may be obtained at any stage of plant development. The most effective temperature for vernalization is between 0 to 5 degree C. The duration of cold treatment for effective vernalization varies from four days to eight weeks. Thus option C is the correct answer.
Which of the following hormones can replace vernalization?
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Auxin
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Ethylene
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Gibberellins
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Cytokinins
Vernalization is the acquisition of a plant's ability to flower in the spring by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. It can also refer to herbal plants requiring a cold dormancy to produce new shoots and leaves. The stimulus of vernalization is known as vernalin. The stimulus of vernalization that induce flowering could be a particular gibberellin or a mixture of gibberellins.
The physiological process that compensate the effect of thermophase in plant is
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Vernalization
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Apical meristem
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Germination
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All of the above
The term vernalization was first introduced by
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G. Haberlandt
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T D. Lysenko
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Kurosawa
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Dickens
- Vernalization is a method in which the seeds or the plants are exposed to certain treatments in order to initiate the process of flowering.
- Generally, the plants are exposed to cold treatment, which induces the plants to produce flowers.
- This term was introduced by T. D. Lysenko in the year 1920.
- Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Perianth in the spike let of jawar is represented by
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Lodicules
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Sepals and petals
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Glumes
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Lemma and palea
Lodicules are two scale like structures that lie at the base of the ovary of a grass flower including jawar .
Flowering dependent on cold treatment is
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Cryotherapy
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Cryogenics
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Cryoscopy
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Vernalisation
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing cold treatment to young plants or moistened seeds.
Vernalisation is
-
Growth curve related to light
-
Effect of photoperiods on plant growth
-
Speeding up ability to flower by low temperature treatment
-
Diurnal photoperiodicity
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Other terms like jarovization, springification were also coined for the same phenomenon. However, today the most accepted term is vernalization.
Low temperature treatment of some semigerminated seeds for some period often induces subsequently quicker flowering in plants. This process is called
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Vernalization
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Thermolysis
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Wintering
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Devernalization
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged period of low temperature or cold. After this, plants show quicker flowering. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or semigerminated seeds.
The practice of subjecting seeds to low temperatures for a period of time in order to cause growth and flowering during summer season is called as
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Wintering
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Vernalization
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Devernalization
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Thermolysis
Vernalization is the artificial exposure of plants to low temperatures in order to stimulate flowering or to enhance seed production. By satisfying the cold requirement of many temperate zone plants, flowering can be induced to occur earlier than normal or in warm climates lacking the requisite seasonal chilling.
The process of vernalisation is
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Aerobic
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Anaerobic
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Unaffected by aerobic or unaerobic conditions
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Dependent upon starvation conditions
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. It is an aerobic process and requires metabolic energy obtained from oxygen.
Vernalisation promotes flowering in response to
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High light intensity
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Low temperature
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High temperature
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Low light intensity
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Other terms like jarovization, springification were also coined for the same phenomenon.
The term "vernalisation" was coined by
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Garner and Allard
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Darwin
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Geoffery
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Lysenko
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds.
Hormone responsible for vernalization is
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Florigen
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Colchicine
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Abscisin
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Vernalin
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. Plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Vernalin is a plant hormone that is produced on vernalization. It induces flowering in plants.
Low temperature treatment to speed up the process of flowering is referred to as
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Photoperiodism
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Vernalisation
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Thermoperiodism
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Hydroponics
Which one hastens flowering in plants?
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Stratification
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Scarification
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Vernalisation
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Water deficit
Vernalisation is the process of that hastens to flower in plants by cold treatment. With the help of artificial cold treatment, winter wheat seeds can be induced to flower.
Which of the following statements regarding photoperiodism is false?
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The response of plants to periods of light/day is termed as photoperiodism
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The shoot apices cannot perceive photoperiods
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In day neutral plants there is no correlation between exposure to light duration and induction of flowering response
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Shoot apices modify themselves into flowering apices prior to flowering
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The site of perception of light/dark duration is the flower
Which is incorrect statement?
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There are no mesodermal cells in pseudocoelomates
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There is no body cavity in first triploblastic animals
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There is no second opening in diploblastic animal gut
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There is no co-ordination between cells of sponges
Animals have a pseudocoelom that means “false cavity”, which is a fluid-filled body cavity. Tissue derived from mesoderm partly lines the fluid-filled body cavity of these animals. It is mainly found in Nematoda.
Seeds of winter varieties are benefitted by technique
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Senescence
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Photoperiodism
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Vernalisation
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Abscission
Vernalisation is the phenomena in which flowering is induced in the plant by exposing it to low temperatures. Seeds of winter varieties will flower only when they are exposed to cold period early in their development. Artificially, flowering can be induced in spring as well if they are exposed to artificial vernalization.
Vernalisation is seen in
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Sugarbeet
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Carrot
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Cabbage
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All the above
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to prolonged cold or winter. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low-temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Sugarbeet, carrot are biennial plants that require vernalization for flowering.
The stimulus of cold treatment (vernalisation) is perceived by
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Leaves
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Flowers
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Roots
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Shoot apices
Apple requires a low temperature for flowering and fruiting
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10$^o$ C
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7$^o$ C
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Below 7$^o$ C
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10$^o$ - 15$^o$ C
Apple grows in low temperature for germination it needs more time as earlier stages are less tolerant to low temperature but flowering starts at the temperature which is around 7 degree or below it that means it needs extreme cold climate to grow.
The term 'Yarovization' was coined by
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Lysenko
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Klebs
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Yabuta
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Kogl and Haagen-Smit
Yarovization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold of winter. After this, plants show flowering. The term was coined by Lysenko in 1928. He stated that certain plants can be made to flower by providing low temperature treatment to young plants or moistened seeds. Other terms like vernalization, jarovization, springification were also coined for the same phenomenon. However, today the most accepted term is vernalization.
Potato is _________ for flower formation but _________ for tuberisation.
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LDP, SDP
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SDP, LDP
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LDP, day neutral
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SDP, day neutral
In the case of potato, it requires more photoperiod to induce flowering. Whereas for the formation of tuber, it requires very less photoperiod. Thus, it is told that potato is LDP for inducing flowering; but SDP for tuber formation. The flower-inducing florigen and tuber-inducing tuberigen signals are functionally exchangeable. Flowering and tuberization are distinct reproduction strategies, both of which involve the sensing of the photoperiod and generation of a signal in the leaves (process called as induction), the subsequent transport of the signal (known as florigen or tuberigen), and the response in a distant organ, the vegetative meristem, or stolon tips (also called evocation).
Cabbage is a biennial plant which produces flowers in the second year of growth. In an attempt to make it flower in a single year, four potted plants (I, II, III, and IV) of cabbage were subjected to different temperatures for several days given in the table.
Potted plant | Temperature |
---|---|
I | $5^o C$ |
II | $20^o C$ |
III | $30^o C$ |
IV | $25^o C$ |
Which potted plant will show flowering?
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I
-
II
-
III
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IV
Biennials get changed into annuals by
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Hormones
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Photoperiodism
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Grafting
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Vernalisation
It has been observed that after-effects of low temperature treatment are helpful in promoting the flowering in certain plants. Through this the vegetative period of plants becomes short and early flowering takes place. This phenomenon is known as
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Vernalisation
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Florignation
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Photoperiodism
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Heliotropism
Vernalization is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower, but they may require additional seasonal cues or weeks of growth before they will actually flower. Vernalization is sometimes used to refer to herbal (non-woody) plants requiring a cold dormancy to produce new shoots and leaves but this usage is discouraged. Many plants grown in temperate climates require vernalization and must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. This ensures that reproductive development and seed production occurs in spring and winters, rather than in autumn. The needed cold is often expressed in chill hours. Typical vernalization temperatures are between 5 and 10 degrees Celsius (40 and 50 degrees Fahrenheit).
Which of the following hormones can replace vernalisation?
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Auxin
-
Cytokinin
-
Gibberellins
-
Ethylene
Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged period of low temperature or cold. After this, plants show quicker flowering. Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone which helps in growth of stem. It also brings about the rapid flowering in plants.
Low temperature is required in apple for a duration of
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800 hours
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400 hrs
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200 hrs
-
100 hrs
Apple is able to grow in low temperature the earlier stages have less tolerance of lower temperature than the later stages and it requires around 800 hours for growth.
The phenomenon which shortens vegetative period and hastens flowering is
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Etiolation
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Vernalisation
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Photoperiodism
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Parthenocarpy
Etiolation is a condition in which plant is grown in the partial or complete absence of light. The leaves are tiny and yellow in color. Vernalization is the process by which plant can be induced to flower by exposing it to the prolonged cold or winter. It shortens the vegetative period and hastens the flowering. Photoperiodism is the phenomenon in which various physiological reactions like flowering response to the relative length of day and night.
Nitrate reductase enzyme forms?
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$N _2$
-
Amino acids
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$NCT _2$
-
$NO^- _3$
Citrus canker is caused by.
-
Alter aria citric
-
Xanthamonas citric
-
Diaporthe citric
-
Phytophthora citrophthora
The compound pollen grain, massula is characteristic of ____________.
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Papilionaceae
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Caesalpiniaceae
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Mimosaceae
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Proteaceae
Pseudo-embryo sacs present in.
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Cyperaceae
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Poaceae
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Podostemonaceae
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Solanaceae
Fragrant flowers with well developed nectaries are an adaptation for _______.
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Hydrophily
-
Anemophily
-
Entomophily
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None of these
Entomophilous flowers produce an odour which many be pleasant (e.g., jasmine) or foul(e.g., Aristolochia, Arum Rafflesia). Smell and nectar attract flies and other insects.
Clay and humic acid particles hold tightly.
-
Nitrate ions
-
Ammonium ions
-
Nitrite ions
-
Molecular nitrogen