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Nutrient cycles - class-IX

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Which one of the following is not one of the three aspects studied in biogeochemical cycling?

  1. The nature and size of natural reservoir

  2. The rate of movement between reservoirs

  3. Interaction between different biogeochemical cycles

  4. Creation of their own biogeochemical cycles by new species


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The cyclic movement of the elements from the abiotic system to the biotic system and back again is the biogeochemical cycle. These chemicals form the compounds of food, so these are also known as nutrient cycles.
Some of the important biogeochemical cycles are carbon cycle, Oxygen cycle nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus cycle.
Following aspect are studied in biogeochemical cycling-
The nature and size of the natural reservoir
The rate of movement between reservoirs
The interaction between different biogeochemical cycles
The correct option is the 'creation of their own biogeochemical cycles by new species'

The reservoir for the gaseous type of biogeochemical cycle exists in.

  1. Stratosphere

  2. Atmosphere

  3. Ionosphere

  4. Lithosphere


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The reservoir for gaseous type of nutrient cycles, e.g., nitrogen, carbon cycle exist in the atmosphere.

Which of the following are the examples of biogeochemical cycle?

  1. Nitrogen cycle

  2. Krebs cycle

  3. Electron cycle

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A biogeochemical cycle involves biological, geological and chemical factors. The circulation of chemical nutrients like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and water, etc. between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere is known as a biogeochemical cycle.
So, the correct option is option A.

The reservoir pool for gaseous cycles of matter is

  1. Atmosphere

  2. Hydrosphere

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. Lithosphere


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles involves the exchange of minerals between abiotic and biotic components of the biosphere. It is mainly of three types hydrological, gaseous and sedimentary.
Gaseous cycle involves the transportation of matter through the atmosphere. Some examples of the gaseous cycle are carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Study of biogeochemical cycles is called as biogeochemistry, it involves

  1. Cycling of energy

  2. Cycling of gases

  3. Cycling of nutrients

  4. Cycling of water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of biosphere. Cycling of biogenetic nutrients is an important characteristic of an ecosystem. 

Cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called as

  1. Chemical cycle

  2. Geochemical cycle

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. Geological cycle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and non living components of biospheres. The biogenetic nutrients are essential elements required by organisms for their body-building and metabolism which are provided by earth and returned to earth after the death of organisms and/or through excreta of animals
So, the correct answer is 'Biogeochemical cycle'

Which of the following cycle would be affected if decomposers of an ecosystem vanish?

  1. Producer's cycle

  2. Consumer's cycle

  3. Decomposer's cycle

  4. Biogeochemical cycle


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The term biogeochemical cycles is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of biosphere. Biogenetic nutrients are essential elements required by organisms for their body building and metabolism, which are provided by earth and returned to earth after their death by the decomposition activity of decomposers. If decomposition is not carried out then biogenetic nutrients will slowly become locked up in the bodies of plants and animals and ultimately the biogeochemical cycles will stop.

Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle

  1. Phosphorus and carbon dioxide

  2. Oxygen and nitrogen

  3. Phosphorus and nitrogen

  4. Phosphorus and sulphur


Correct Option: D

If all decomposers are removed from an ecosystem, what will happen?

  1. All consumer will die

  2. Energy cycle will be inverted

  3. Balance of biogeochemical cycle will be disturbed

  4. Only herbivores will die


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Decomposers are saprotrophs, which decompose the organic remains by secreting extracellular digestive enzymes. Due to degradation of organic remains, decomposers are also called as reducers. They are also known as mineralisers as they release minerals trapped in organic remains. Detrivores are decomposers as well as scavengers, e.g., earthworm. Decomposition of organic wastes and dead and decaying plants and animals returns the minerals locked in living systems back to the environment. Thus, decomposition is very important for the biogeochemical cycles, or nutrient cycling.

Living organisms require ............. to produce proteins and nucleic acids in their body.

  1. Oxygen

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Carbon

  4. Water


Correct Option: B

Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical
cycle in ecosystem

  1. Sulphur cycle

  2. Phosphorus cycle

  3. Nitrogen cycle

  4. Carbon cycle


Correct Option: B

Cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called

  1. Chemical cycle

  2. Geochemical cycle

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. Geological cycle


Correct Option: C

The circulation or cycling of elements in an ecosystem is known as

  1. Geological cycling

  2. Geo-chemical cycling

  3. Bio-geochemical cycling

  4. Nutrient cycling


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nutrient cycling is defined as the circulation or cycling of elements in an ecosystem. It is an essential process of an ecosystem. In this, a particular nutrient or element is transferred from environment to one living being to another living being and comes back to the environment. The various elements include carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorous, etc. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Nutrient cycling.'

In ecosystem, cycling of nutrients is called

  1. Geological cycle

  2. Biogeochemical cycle

  3. Geochemical cycle

  4. Chemical cycle


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In ecosystem, cycling of nutrients is called biogeochemical cycle. In this, essential nutrients moves through biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments in an ecosystem. The various biogeochemical cycle includes carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorous cycle, oxygen cycles. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Biogeochemical cycle.'

____________ is a mixture of 50 - 90% of methane

  1. Natural gas

  2. Air

  3. Water

  4. Bio diesel


Correct Option: A

Which chemical is used in air conditions and refrigerators?

  1. CFCs

  2. Chlorine

  3. Fluorine

  4. Carbon


Correct Option: A

Shale Gas is becoming more and more popular in today's Global Gas Exploration Market. Which among the following property of Shale Gas makes it a potential replacement to the conventional Natural gas?

  1. Its distinct Chemical Property which makes it less polluting.

  2. Its distinct physical property which makes it easy to store & handle.

  3. It's cost effective production comparing to the conventional Gas.

  4. It's availability in huge Reserves.


Correct Option: D

Cycling of elements in any ecosystem is called as

  1. Chemical cycle

  2. Geochemical cycle

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. Geological cycle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turn over or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both biotic and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. A cycle is a series of change, which comes back to the starting point and which can be repeated.

The utilization of elements and compounds in nature and their subsequent return to the environment is called

  1. Life cycles

  2. Cyclic pathway

  3. Material cycles

  4. Recycling


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The utilisation of elements and compounds in nature and their subsequent return to the environment is called material cycles. It is also called as a biogeochemical cycle. 
In biology, a life cycle is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.
Recycle is the conversion of waste into useful forms.
Cyclic pathways tend to use the last product they create to re-begin the cycle. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Biogeochemical cycling means cycling of 

  1. Energy in ecosystem

  2. Gases between plants and the atmosphere

  3. Nutrients in an ecosystem

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycle is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both biotic and abiotic compartments of earth. The circulation of chemical nutrients like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and water, etc., through the biological and physical world are known as biogeochemical cycles. In effect, the element is recycled, although in some cycles there may be places where the element is accumulated or held for a long period of time.

Which one of these is a sedimentary cycle?

  1. Phosphorous

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Oxygen

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Phosphorus cycle is an example for sedimentary cycle. 

A cycle which comprises the weathering of an existing rock, followed by the erosion of minerals, their transport and deposition, then burial, is called as sedimentary cycle. 
First cycle sediments are characterized by the presence of less resistant minerals and rock fragments. If this material is reworked through a second cycle, the less resistant minerals will be eliminated or altered to more stable products. 
The more sedimentary cycles, that a sediment has passed through the more mature, it will become and it will be dominated by well rounded resistant minerals.

The flow of materials from non living components to living components and back to the non living components in a more or less cyclic manner is called as

  1. Gaseous cycle

  2. Sedimentary cycle

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. Hydrologic cycle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A biogeochemical cycle or inorganic-organic cycle is a circulating or repeatable pathway by which either a chemical element or a molecule moves through both biotic (bio-) and abiotic (geo-) compartments of an ecosystem. 

Source of maximum sulphur in reservoir of sulphur is

  1. Ocean

  2. Lakes

  3. Rocks

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The ocean represents a major reservoir of sulphur on earth, with large quantities in the form of dissolved sulphate and sedimentary minerals (e.g., gypsum and pyrite). Sulphate is the most stable form of sulphur on earth; weathering and leaching of rocks and sediments are its main sources to the ocean. The majority of sulphur is found in seawater or sedimentary rocks especially pyrite rich shales and evaporite rocks. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Biogeochemical cycles are also known as

  1. Cycles of matter

  2. Sedimentary cycles

  3. Material cycling

  4. Gaseous cycles


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles may also be referred to as cycles of matter because they link together all organisms and abiotic features on earth. Matter is continually recycled among living and abiotic elements on earth. Biogeochemical cycles facilitate the transfer of matter from one form to another and from one location to another on planet earth.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Biogeochemical cycles can be traced in 

  1. Ecosystems

  2. Biomes

  3. Only water

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles are the nutrient cycles. These are the cycles which are responsible for the recycling of the nutrients. The chemical cycles are necessary for the metabolism and maintenance of the organisms in the ecosystem. Biome is a collection of many ecosystems. The nutrient recycling takes place in the ecosystem and biomes. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

The natural cycle that circulates elements between the earth and the environment is called as 

  1. Biological cycle

  2. Chemical cycle

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles are the nutrient cycles. These are the cycles which are responsible for the recycling of the nutrients which are present in the geosphere and atmosphere. The nutrient recycling takes place in the ecosystem and biomes. The recycling of nutrients helps in maintaining the nutrients in the available form for the uptake by the organisms.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.  

Which of the following is a sedimentary cycle?

  1. Carbon

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Nitrogen

  4. Phosphorus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The abiotic components which are recycled without any involvement of the gaseous form are known as the sedimentary cycle. The element is present in the form of salts as rocks in the geosphere which is taken up by the plants and then transferred to the animals. The phosphate is generally transferred and used in the form of ATP by the living cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Plant maintains the balance of ......... in the atmosphere.

  1. Oxygen

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process in which autotrophs such as green plants use carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight to synthesize nutrients such carbohydrates in the form of glucose and release oxygen. Hence oxygen is returned to the atmosphere by photosynthesis. This oxygen from the atmosphere is taken in by animals for carrying out the process of respiration and carbon dioxide is evolved. This carbon dioxide is used by plants and the same cycle continues. Hence plants maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Thus the correct answer is option C.

An ecosystem, such as an aquarium, is self-sustaining if it involves the interaction between organisms, a flow of energy, and the presence of 

  1. Equal numbers of plants and animals

  2. More animals than plants

  3. Materials cycles

  4. Pioneer organisms


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

If a ecosystem such as an ecosystem is to be self-sustaining, materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen must be able to recycle between the organisms. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

The conversion of $\displaystyle $ is known as

  1. Denitrification

  2. Nitrification

  3. Nitrogen fixation

  4. Ammonification


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The process of conversion of free nitrogen from the atmosphere into soluble nitrates by microorganisms is  known as biological nitrogen fixation. 
When plants and animals die, the nitrogenous compounds present in their bodies are broken down into  ammonia. This process is known as ammonification.  Ammonia is converted to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, through a  process called nitrification.
Nitrification is followed by denitrification, wherein nitrates are converted into nitrogen gas (N2), by the  action of denitrifying bacteria such as species of Nitrosomonas, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes and Bacillus.  The nitrogen gas is then released into the atmosphere.

Biogeochemical cycles

  1. Include the processes only conducted by or within living organisms

  2. Pertain only to the abiotic environment

  3. Describe the movement of water and other materials throughout the abiotic and biotic environment

  4. Are used to describe the attempts of humans to recycle various pollutants


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Breaking apart the word biogeochemical into pieces. The first part of the word, bio, involves biological organisms, like bacteria, plants, and animals. The next part of the word, geo, involves geological processes, like the weathering of rocks. The last part of the word indicates chemical processes, such as the formation of molecules. Thus a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through both biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. A cycle is a series of change which comes back to the starting point and which can be repeated.
So, the correct answer is 'Describe the movement of water and other materials throughout the abiotic and biotic environment'.
Which gas is utilised in combustion process ?
  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Oxygen

  4. Water vapour


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

During the combustion process, oxygen is utilized. As Oxygen is required for the combustion to occur.

Biogeochemical cycle involves .......... factors.

  1. Biological

  2. Geological

  3. Chemical

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycle involves biological, geological and chemical factors. The circulation of chemical nutrients like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and water, etc. between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere is known as a biogeochemical cycle.

So, the correct option is option D.

________ is required to maintain the balance in nature.

  1. Biotic factors

  2. Abiotic factors

  3. Biogeochemical cycle

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The path through which a nutrient travels as it moves from the air, water or soil into the bodies of living organisms and back to the air, water or soil is called a biogeochemical cycle. It is one of the requirements to maintain the balance in nature.

Biogeochemical cycles are of

  1. Two types

  2. Three types

  3. Four types

  4. Five types


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of a biosphere. 

The Biogeochemical or nutrient cycle can be- 
(A) gaseous cycle in which the materials involved in circulation between living and nonliving components are gases or vapours. E.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. 
(B) sedimentary cycles of matter in which the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of a biosphere are non-gaseous. E.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium.
(C) Hydrological cycle is the cycle where the surface water which gets evaporated due to the heat is returned back to the earth by precipitation through sequential interconvertible reactions.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Oxygen forms about ............. of the air in the atmosphere.

  1. 20%

  2. 30%

  3. 40%

  4. 45%


Correct Option: A

If wild animals are killed, what difficulty would we face?

  1. Imbalance in nature

  2. Decrease in fog rain

  3. Decrease in population

  4. Increase in rain


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle __________.

  1. Phosphorus and carbon dioxide

  2. Oxygen and nitrogen

  3. phosphorus and nitrogen

  4. phosphorus and sulphur


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In sedimentary cycles of matter, materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of biosphere are non gaseous and the reservoir pool is lithosphere e.g., phosphorus, calcium, magnesium.
Sulphur has both sedimentary and gaseous phases.

So, the correct answer is 'phosphorus and sulphur'

Which of the following cycle would be affected if decomposers of an ecosystem vanish ______________.

  1. Producer's cycle

  2. Consumer's cycle

  3. Decomposer's cycle

  4. Biogeochemical cycle


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Recycling of material is carried out by decomposers. If decomposers of an ecosystem vanish recycling of materials is stopped, thereby affecting the movement materials between the biotic and the abiotic systems that forms the biogeochemical cycle.

So, the correct answer is 'Biogeochemical cycle'

Biogeochemical cycles are of _____________.

  1. Two types

  2. Three types

  3. Four types

  4. Five types


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The biogeochemical cycles are classified into 2 types namely gaseous cycles like Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide and sedimentary cycles like Phosphorus and Sulphur. 
So, the correct answer is 'Two types'

Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component is found in

  1. Phosphorus

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Carbon

  4. Sulphur


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sedimentary cycle consists of weathering of an existing rock followed by the erosion of minerals, transport and deposition. It has earth's crust as the reservoir pool. Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component is found in sulphur. Other sedimentary cycles include iron cycle, calcium cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sulphur.'

Which of the following occurs in abiotic component of an ecosystem?

  1. Flow of energy

  2. Cycling of materials

  3. Consumers

  4. Flow of energy and cycling of materials


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An ecosystem is made up of biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components include plants, animals, microorganism. Abiotic components include nonliving things such as water, air, temperature, materials of the soil. Essential material includes minerals like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Cycling of materials include release of minerals back to the environment. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cycling of materials.'

Which ones are reservoirs of phosphorus and nitrogen cycles respectively?

  1. Consumers

  2. Atmosphere and bedrock

  3. Atmosphere and producers

  4. Bedrock and atmosphere


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are various of abiotic reservoirs in which the nutrients are recycled, released and stored in atmosphere. Atmosphere is the reservoir of carbon and nitrogen. Hence, these cycles are also called atmospheric cycles. Water is the reservoir of hydrogen and oxygen. Hence, these cycles are called as hydrological cycles. Bedrock is the reservoir of phosphorous. Hence, it is also called as sedimentary cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Bedrock and atmosphere.'

For the sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycles, the reservoir is 

  1. Atmosphere

  2. Water

  3. Earth's crust

  4. Living organisms


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles are also called as nutrient cycles. It includes gaseous cycles such as carbon cycle, oxygen cycle and sedimentary cycle. Sedimentary cycle consists of weathering of an existing rock followed by the erosion of minerals, transport and deposition. It has earth's crust as the reservoir pool. Examples of sedimentary cycle include sulphur cycle, phosphorous cycle, iron cycle, calcium cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Earth's crust.'

In which of the following both pairs have correct combination?

  1. Gaseous nutrient cycle - Carbon and nitrogen

    Sedimentatry nutrient cycle - Sulphur and phosphorus

  2. Gaseous nutrient cycle - Carbon and sulphur

    Sedimentary nutrient cycle - Nitrogen and phosphorus

  3. Gaseous nutrient cycle - Nitrogen and sulphur

    Sedimentary nutrient cycle - Carbon and phosphorus

  4. Gaseous nutrient cycle -  Sulphur and phosphorus

    Sedimentary nutrient cycle -  Carbon and nitrogen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are various nutrient cycles in an ecosystem which recycles the essential nutrients. The cycles are also called as biogeochemical cycles. Gaseous nutrient cycles include carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle. In these cycles, the element is released in the air. Sedimentary nutrient cycles include sulphur cycle, phosphorus cycle. In these cycles, the element is released in the sedimentary rocks.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gaseous nutrient cycle - Carbon and nitrogen
Sedimentatry nutrient cycle - Sulphur and phosphorus.'

A biogeochemical cycle without an atmospheric component is

  1. Sulphur

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Phosphorus

  4. Carbon


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A biogeochemical cycle is also called as nutrient cycle. It is of various types such as sedimentary cycle, gaseous cycle. Sedimentary cycle consists of weathering of an existing rock followed by the erosion of minerals, transport and deposition. It has earth's crust as the reservoir pool. The sulphur cycle is a sedimentary cycle without an atmospheric component. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sulphur.'

For sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycles, the reservoir is

  1. atmosphere

  2. water

  3. earth's crust

  4. living organisms


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For the sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycles, the reservoir is earth's crust as the nutrients do not take any gaseous form rather they are either mineralized of immobilized but ultimately return to earth's crust by decomposition, leaching etc.

So, the correct answer is option C, earth's crust.

Biogeochemical cycles can be traced in 

  1. Ecosystems

  2. Biomes

  3. Only water

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The inorganic nutrients cycle though more than the organisms, however, they also enter into the atmosphere, the oceans and even rocks. Since these chemicals cycle through both the biological and the geological world, we call the overall cycles biogeochemical cycles. 

Each chemical has its own unique cycle, but all of the cycles do have some things in common. Reservoirs are those parts of the cycle where the chemical is held in large quantities for long periods of time. In exchange pools, on the other hand, the chemical is held for only a short period of time. The length of time a chemical is held in an exchange pool or a reservoir is termed its residence time. 

Biogeochemical cycling means cycling of 

  1. Energy in an ecosystem

  2. Gases between plants and the atmosphere

  3. Nutrients in an ecosystem

  4. Water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biogeochemical cycles are nutrient cycles. These are the cycles which are responsible for the recycling the nutrients which are present in the geosphere and atmosphere. The nutrient recycling takes place in the ecosystem and biomes. The recycling of nutrients helps in maintaining the nutrients in the available form for the uptake by the organisms.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.  

The path through which nutrients are passed from one acceptor to the other is called _______.

  1. Biogeochemical cycle

  2. Biochemical cycle

  3. Chemical cycle

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The path through which a nutrient travels as it moves from the air, water or soil into the bodies of living organisms and back to the air, water or soil is called a biogeochemical cycle. It is required to maintain the nutrient level in the ecosystem.

Source of maximum sulphur is/reservoir of sulphur is

  1. Ocean

  2. Lakes

  3. Land

  4. Rocks


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Source of maximum sulfur is/reservoir of sulfur is rocks. It is found in the form of iron pyrites, evaporite rocks in the form of anhydrite and baryte and calcium and magnesium carbonates.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Rocks.'

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