Fertilization in organisms - class-X
Description: fertilization in organisms | |
Number of Questions: 47 | |
Created by: Manjit Singh | |
Tags: reproduction in organisms modes of reproduction reproduction - the generating system reproduction in flowering plants biology animal physiology botany |
Fusion of two gametes which are dissimilar in size is termed as
-
Oogamy
-
Isogamy
-
Anisogamy
-
Both A and C
Life begin in all sexually reproducing organisms as a
-
Single-celled zygote
-
Double-celled zygote
-
Haploid zygote
-
Haploid gametes
Following table summarises the differences between self-fertilisation and cross-fertilisation. Pick out the wrong difference.
-
Self-fertilisation - It is uniparental, Cross-fertilisation - It is biparental
-
Self-fertilisation - It involves the fusion of male and female gametes of the same parent, Cross-fertilisation - It involves the fusion of two gametes produced by different parents
-
Self-fertilisation - Examples : Pheretima, Periplaneta, Cross-fertilisation - Examples : Taenia, Rana tigrina
-
None of the above
Self-fertilisation occurs in Taenia, while cross-fertilisation occurs in Pheretima, Periplaneta and Rana tigrina.
Select the correct option:
-
fertilization of eggs occurs inside the body
-
the typhlosole greatly increases the effective absorption area of intestine
-
the S-shaped setae embedded in the integument are the defensive weapons used against the enemies
-
it has a long dorsal tubular heart.
From 27th segment upt 23-25 segments in front of the anus in intestine of earthworm, lies a highly glandular and vascular part called typhosole. It greatly increases the effective absorption area for digested food in the intestine.
Given below are a few statements related to external fertilisation. Choose the correct statements.
(i) The male and female gametes are formed and released simultaneously.
(ii) Only a few gametes are released into the medium.
(iii) Water is the medium in a majority of organisms exhibiting external fertilisation.
(iv) Offspring formed as a result of external fertilisation have better chance of survival than those formed inside an organism.
-
(iii) and (iv)
-
(i) and (iii)
-
(ii) and (iv)
-
(i) and (iv)
Mark the correct one.
-
Labeo- Internal fertilization
-
Frog - Internal fertilization
-
Birds - External fertilization
-
Balaenoptera - internal fertilization
- Balaenoptera which designates genus is a combination of two Latin words, Balaena (meaning whale) and "pteron" (meaning fin). It thus means a whale having a dorsal fin so as to distinguish from Balaena (meaning whale without dorsal fin). "Musculus" designating species is a Latin word originally meaning a "mouse.
- In mammals, reptiles, birds, and some types of fish the gametes meet inside of the female's body. This is called internal fertilization.
- As Balaenoptera is a mammal the fertilization in Balaenoptera is internaL.
- so, the correct answer is 'Balaenoptera - internal fertilization'.
Fertilization is
-
Union of diploid spermatozoon with diploid ovum to form diploid zygote.
-
Union of haploid sperm with haploid ovum to form haploid zygote.
-
Union of haploid sperm with haploid ovum to form diploid zygote.
-
Union of diploid sperm with haploid ovum to form triploid zygote.
Sexual reproduction in animals involves the production and fusion of two types of gametes (haploid cells) sperm and eggs. Typically, two different individuals are required. A male parent contributes sperm, and a female parent contributes an egg, or ovum. The sperm provides genes coding for some of the male parents traits, and the egg contributes genes coding for some of the female parents traits. The egg is typically large and nonmotile, with a store of nutrients that supports the development of the embryo. The sperm is usually small and motile and adapted to propel itself by beating its long, whip like flagellum. When sperm and egg unite, a (diploid) zygote, or fertilized egg, is produced. The zygote develops into a new animal, similar to both parents but not identical to either. Sexual reproduction typically involves remarkably complex structural, functional, and behavioural processes. In vertebrates, hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads regulate these processes.
When gamete fusion is involved in the formation of new organism the phenomenon is known as
-
Syngamy
-
External fertilization
-
Parthenogenesis
-
Parthenocarpy
Syngamy is a process in sexual reproduction that is defined as the fusion of the male gamete i.e., sperm with the female gamete i.e., egg resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. Thus the correct answer is option A.
Isogamy is found in
-
Hydra
-
Monocystis
-
Plasmodium
-
Planaria
The fusion of similar motile gametes is known as isogamous. Monocystis is an endoparasite in the seminal vesicle and coelom of earthworms. Fusing gametes do not differ morphologically but may be different physiologically. The isogamous gametes fuses to form zygote which develops into sporoblast, sporocyst, trophozoite and finally, to young trophozoite.
In sexual reproducing animals, the union of male and female gamete forms a cell, which is called as
-
Ovarian cell
-
Oocyte
-
Zygote
-
Graafian follicle
Ovarian cell is the cells of ovary.
Oocyte is the female gametocyte or germ cell. It is involved in reproduction.
Zygote is the diplod cell, formed by the fusion of two gametes i.e., by the fusion of male gamete (sperm) or female gamete (ovum).
Graafian follicle is the mature follicle in the ovary of mammals. It contains cavity, which is filled by liquid and it ruptures during ovulation to release ovum.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
In oogamy fertilisation involves,
-
A small non-motile female, gamete and large motile male gamete
-
A large non-motile female gamete, and a small motile male gamete
-
A large non-motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete
-
A large motile female gemete and a small non-mbtile male gamete.
In oogamy, fertilization involves the fusion of a large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete. The large motile female gamete is the ovum which is produced in the ovary. The ovum after maturation is released from the ovary under the influence of LH hormone. The small motile male gametes are known as sperm which is produced in the testis. The two dissimilar gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote by the process of syngamy.
Fusion of dissimilar gametes is
-
Allogamy
-
Dichogamy
-
Autogamy
-
Fertilization
Regarding fertilization which among the following statements is incorrect
-
It restores diploid condition in the zygote
-
It activates egg both physiologically and metabolically
-
Paternal and maternal sets contribute to the diploid number without causing any variation
-
It determines the sex of the offspring
The process of fusion between haploid male nucleus and egg nucleus is known as amphimixis. It is also known as syngamy. The process is known as fertilization which leads to formation of a diploid zygote and restores diploid condition in zygote. The statement is true.
Syngamy can occur outside the body of organisms in
-
Algae
-
Ferns
-
Fungi
-
Mosses
Syngamy is sexual reproduction by fusion of male gamete( sperm) with female gamete ( egg ) to form a zygote which eventually develops in the new organism.
In sexual reproduction of algae fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete is termed as
-
Isogamous
-
Anisogamous
-
Oogamous
-
None of these
The fusion of similar motile gametes is known as isogamous.
Process of sexual reproduction which involves meiosis and syngamy is
-
Apomixis
-
Amphimixis
-
Agamospermy
-
Diplospory
Fertilization is fusion of
-
Diploid spermatozoan with diploid ovum to form a diploid zygote
-
Haploid spermatozoan with diploid ovum to form a diploid zygote
-
Diploid spermatozoan with haploid ovum to form a diploid zygote
-
Haploid spermatozoan with haploid ovum to form a diploid zygote
Fertilization is the process of union of a haploid sperm cell with haploid ovum to form a diploid zygote.
Fertilization was discovered by
-
Strasburger
-
Robert Brown
-
Lamarck
-
Darwin
Fertilization is the process of formation of the zygote by the fusion of male and female gamete. It was discovered by Strasburger. Lamarck and Darwin worked on the theories of evolution and Robert Brown discovered the nucleus.
Fusion of male and female gametes is termed as-
-
Reproduction
-
Vegetative propagation
-
Cell-division
-
Respiration.
When will sex determination in human take place?
-
During fertilization
-
When fertilised ovum takes place
-
During sexual intercourse
-
During fission of unfertilised egg
Chromosomal sex determination is carried out at fertilisation. This is done based on the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. Either the X or Y chromosome from the sperm fuses with the X chromosome of the egg and so females have XX and males have XY. So, the correct option is 'During fertilization'.
Fertilization can be correctly defined as fusion of
-
Male and female pronuclei.
-
Cytoplasm of male and female gametes.
-
Two gametes.
-
Male and female gametes of the same species.
Sexual reproduction is a characteristic of animals, although many animals reproduce sexually as well asexually. Reproduction is essential to the survival of any species. Most animals are involved in some variety of sexual reproduction. The methods vary greatly from the simultaneous release of sperm and eggs into the water for many marine organisms, to fertilization inside the body for most terrestrial organisms and high degrees of parental care in birds and mammals.
Type of fertilization (external or internal) depends on
-
Structure of egg
-
Site of embryo development
-
Type of sperm
-
Both A and B
Aquatic animals like fishes and amphibia usually show external fertilisation, whereas terrestrial animals like reptiles, birds and mammals show internal fertilisation. Egg of animal showing external fertilization is not covered by a hard, protective shell and after fertilisation the embryo develops into larva in water.
If cowper's gland is removed, which of the following will be affected?
-
Sexual attraction
-
Fertilization
-
Hardness of penis
-
Copulation
In human males the urethra, a tube that exits through the penis, carries urine to the exterior and, alternatively, serves as a conduit for seminal fluid. Sperm is carried in a fluid formed along the male reproductive tract by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper's glands, accessory glands of the male reproductive tract. Thus, if cowper's glands are removed process of fertilization will be affected.
Purpose of tubectomy is to prevent
-
Fertilization
-
Coitus
-
Egg formation
-
Embryonic development
Tubectomy is a surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and blocked, or severed and sealed, which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation, thereby no fertilization can takes place. It is considered the permanent method of birth control.
Define fertilization
-
Fusion of the egg and the sperm
-
Transformation of the larva into adult
-
Fusion of sperm and zygote
-
None of above
Fission of the egg and the sperm is known as ______
-
Fertilization
-
Metamorphosis
-
Doning
-
None of above
Arrange the following steps in proper order
a) Formation of zygote
b) Formation of embryo
c) Fusion of male and female gamete
d) Implantation of embryo into uterus
-
a $\rightarrow$ c $\rightarrow$ d $\rightarrow$ a
-
a $\rightarrow$ b $\rightarrow$ c $\rightarrow$ d
-
c $\rightarrow$ a $\rightarrow$ b $\rightarrow$ d
-
d $\rightarrow$ c $\rightarrow$ b $\rightarrow$ a
1)fertilization starts with fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (zygote).
2) this fusion results in the formation of zygote.
3) Zygote divided repeatedly to give rise ball of cells that forms embryo.
4) after the formation of embryo is gets embedded in the wall of uterus where it further forms the foetus so the correct order is in above steps.
In chlorophyceae, sexual reproduction occurs by
-
Isogamy and anisogamy
-
Isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy
-
Oogamy only
-
Anisogamy and oogamy
Chlorophyceae is a class of algae that is also known as green algae commonly. Different members of this class reproduce differently.
The phenomenon of fertilization was first perceived by
-
Weismann
-
Leeuwenhoek
-
Robert Hooke
-
Hertwig
The phenomenon of fertilization was first perceived by the German biologist Oscar Hertwig in sea urchin eggs in 1876. Hertwig observed that the sperm nuclei and egg fused during fertilization resulting in the generation of new organism. Thus the correct answer is option D.
The common mode of sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas is
-
Isogamous
-
Anisogamous
-
Oogamous
-
Hologamous
Chlamydomonas reproduces both asexually and sexually.
Fertilization is depicted by which of the following condition?
-
n $\rightarrow$ 2n
-
2n $\rightarrow$ 3n
-
2n $\rightarrow$ 4n
-
4n $\rightarrow$ 8n
Fertilization is the process of fusion of male and female gametes. Gametes are haploid (n) in nature and the fusion of the two results in the diploid (2n) product called as zygote. Zygote is the universal diploid cell.
Oogamous sexual reproduction involves fusion of
-
Motile and non-motile gametes
-
Similar gametes
-
Dissimilar motile gametes
-
Dissimilar non-motile gametes
Oogamous reproduction involves fusion of one motile male gamete and another non-motile large sized female gametes.
In oogamy, fertilization occurs between
-
Small non-motile female gamete and large motile male gamete.
-
Large non-motile female gamete and small motile male gamete.
-
A large non-motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete.
-
A large motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete.
Oogamy is a form of sexual reproduction. It is a form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete is significantly larger than the male gamete and is non-motile.The male gametes are smaller in size and motile
So, the correct option is 'Large non-motile female gamete and small motile male gamete'.
Fusion of a male gamete with egg in embryo sac is
-
Autogamy
-
Syngamy
-
Double fertilization
-
Triple fusion
Syngamy and triple fusion are two events of sexual reproduction in plants. Syngamy is the fusion of one of the male gamete with the egg cell to produce a zygote while In triple fusion, second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to produce primary endosperm nucleus.
The phenomenon of endogamy is reported in
-
Fasciola
-
Earthworm
-
Marchantia
-
Rabbit
Fasciola is a genus of trematodes. It is commonly known as liver fluke. It shows the phenomena of endogamy where the two fusing gametes are derived from the same parent which means the gametes are uniparental. These are hermaphrodite and has both male and female reproductive organs. The male and female reproductive organs open up into the same chamber within the body, which is called the genital atrium where the two gametes fuses.
The type of syngamy in Trichonympha is
-
Hologamy
-
Anisogamy
-
Isogamy
-
Conjugation
The process of fusion between the haploid male nucleus and egg nucleus is known as amphimixis. It is also known as syngamy. It leads to the formation of a diploid zygote. The form of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are of the same size and structure as the somatic cells. Trichonympha lives in the intestine termite species and helps them to break the cellulose which they take from the wood. They produce similar haploid gametes known as zooflagellates so it is classified as hologamy.
Fertilisation was first discovered by
-
Aristotle
-
Leeuwenhoek
-
Harvey
-
Pander
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes. In animals, it was first discovered by Aristotle. In plants, it was discovered by Nawaschin.
Which of the following is incorrect about fertilization?
-
It restores diploid condition.
-
It activates egg.
-
There is no variation.
-
It determines sex of offspring.
As the sperm reaches ovum to fertilize it, the ovum gets activated and completes its second meiotic division. After fertilization, a diploid zygote is formed. Fertilization also helps in determining the sex of the offspring. On the one hand, it leads to inherent qualities of a parent and on the other hand, it is the means for variations among the populations.
Union between a large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete is called ____________.
-
Anisogamy
-
Isogamy
-
Oogamy
-
Zoogamy
Male and female, both gametes arise from the same parent in
-
Rabbit
-
Humans
-
Taenia
-
None of the above
Select the wrong statement
-
Isogametes are similar in structure, function and behavior
-
Anisogametes differ either in structure, function and behavior
-
In oomycetes female gamete is smaller and motile, while male gamete is larger and non-motile
-
Chlamydomonas exhibits both isogamy and 1, anisogamy and Fucus shows oogamy
- An isogamete is a gamete that is indistinguishable in size and form from the other gametes. The sex i.e, the male and female have also exhibited no difference. It is found in algae and fungi.
A sexual reproduction by fragmentation takes place in-
-
Amoeba
-
Yeast
-
Spirogyra
-
Moss
Which of the following is correct about internal fertilization and external fertilization?
-
Internal fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body.
-
Internal fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body.
-
Internal fertilizatlon- Chances of the survival of the offspring are more, External fertilization- Chances of survival of the offspring are less.
-
Both A and C
Internal fertilization occurs inside the body whereas external fertilization happens outside the body.
External fertilization requires the presence of water for the sperm to be able to unite with the egg. Large number of offspring are produced but the chances of survival is very less.
With internal fertilization, the presence of water is not needed. Fewer young ones are produced because the mother's body will protect any fertilized eggs from being devoured by predators, so chances of survival is high.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Both A and C.'
Fusion between a larger non-motile (static) female gamete and smaller motile male gamete is
-
Isogamous
-
Oogamous
-
Anisogamous
-
Homogamous
Isogamy is the fusion of gametes that are similar in similar sizes. Anisogamy involves fusion of gametes that are dissimilar in sizes where both gametes are either motile or immobile.
In oogamous reproduction,
-
Both male and female gametes are motile
-
Both gametes are product of division of protoplast
-
Both male and female gametes are non-motile
-
For male gametes protoplast divides but for female gamete it does not
- Oogamy is a system of sexual reproduction in which one gamete (called the egg) is large and nonmotile, while the other (called the sperm) is small and motile. Oogamy is a type of Anisogamy.
- During Spermatogenesis, the protoplast of spermatogonium is equally divided into 4 spermatids while during oogenesis, ovum retains the bulk of protoplast and is minimally shared by Polar bodies.
Select the wrong statement :
-
Chlamydomonas exhibits both isogamy and anisogamy and Fucus shows oogamy.
-
Isogametes are similar in structure, function and behaviour.
-
Anisogametes differ either in structure, function or behaciour.
-
In oomycetes, female gamete is smaller and motile while male gamete is larger and non-motile.
Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The principal embryonic membranes are
-
Chorion and umbilicus
-
Amnion and placenta
-
Amnion and chorion
-
Placenta and umbilicus