Sources of waste - class-XI
Description: sources of waste | |
Number of Questions: 46 | |
Created by: Tanuja Atwal | |
Tags: ecology and environment evs - i biology environmental pollution pollution environment chemistry pollution - a rising environmental problem the environment and us business organisation and correspondence rules are for everyone environmental pollution and industries soil pollution waste and its management natural resources zoology |
Mine spoil is
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Land degraded by mining
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Wastes from mine processing
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Mining activities are one one of the major reasons for destruction of natural vegetation. Vast tracts of land are cleared and exposes the soil to erosion forces. Thus, degrading the area. This is called as mine spoil.
Overgrazing causes
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Negative pollution
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Positive pollution
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Rill erosion
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Reduction in crop yield
Grasslands provide forage to cattle and support wildlife based on grazing food chain. Grasslands have been put to two types of pressure : overgrazing and conversion. At one time, in the history of human civilization, cattle were reared in large number. The number continues to be high. For example : In arid and semi arid areas of India, the number of grazing animals is 2 to 10 times higher than the grasslands can support. This decreases productivity and quality of grasslands and causes Negative pollution ie reduction in soil productivity due to overuse. Positive soil pollution is reduction in soil productivity due to addition of undesirable substances e.g : Agrochemicals, industrial wastes, air pollutants washed down by rain, faulty sanitation etc.
Dumping can cause _______
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Air pollution
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Noise pollution
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Soil pollution
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All of the above
Dumping of discarded particles of old furniture, utensils, glass pieces, ash, aluminium etc which are similar other products which do not get degraded and spoil the quality and profile of soil.
Nuclear waste is one of the sources of soil pollution.
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True
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False
When the wastes are disposed in the ground, there is leaching of the chemicals from the waste. This results in the soil pollution and contamination of the ground water. The oil and fuel, nuclear wastes and the coal ash are dumped by making pits in the ground. This results in the loss of the fertility and quality of the soil. So, nuclear waste is a source of soil pollution.
Which of the following is not a cause of soil pollution?
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Pesticide
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Dumping of pieces of old furniture and utensils
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Carbon monoxide
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Insecticide
The ............ in microbial flora in the soil is an indicator of soil pollution.
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Decrease
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Increase
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Gradual increase and decrease
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None of the above
When the soil is polluted, there is a decrease in the quality and fertility of the soil. The nutrients which were present in the soil has been lost. This results in a reduction in the number of microbes which were inhabited in the soil. So, when there is a decrease in the level of the microbial flora of the soil, it indicates that the soil has been polluted.
Reduction in soil productivity due to undesirable substances is a type of
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Negative soil pollution
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Positive soil pollution
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Neutral pollution
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None of the above
The removal or addition of substances and factors which decrease its productivity, quality of plants and ground water is called as soil pollution, reduction in soil productivity due to the addition of undesirable substances is a positive soil pollution and negative soil pollution is the reduction in soil productivity due to erosion and overuse. The neutral pollution mainly caused due to change in the pH of the soil. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Soil contamination is a part of
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Soil erosion
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Land degradation
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Deforestation
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None of the above
Soil pollution is caused by the addition of substances and factors which decrease its productivity. When the chemicals from the wastes are released into the soil, there is contamination of the soil. This results in degradation of the soil because there is a loss of fertility of the soil and the nutrient value is reduced.
Materials of biological origin which are commonly used to maintain and improve soil fertility are
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Green manure
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Biofertilizers
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Bioinsecticides
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Both (a) and (b)
Most soils are naturally fertile but to maintain the fertile nature, fertilizers are needed. Green manure and biofertilizers contains range of nutrients in different proportions which are essential for plants.
Match the sets.
Column I | Column II | ||
---|---|---|---|
I | Artemisia tridentata | A | Saline soils |
II | Capparis spinosa | B | Dominate in areas destructed by fires |
III | Pteris aquilina | C | Indicates intense soil erosion |
IV | Amaranthus and chenopodium | D | Grow better in over grazed area |
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I- D, II- B, III- C, IV- A
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I- B, II- C, III- D, IV- A
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I- C, II- A, III- B, IV- D
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I- D, II- C, III- B, IV- A
Artemisia tridentata is an aromatic shrub. It is commonly called as sagebrush. It belongs to the family Asteraceae which grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe and mountain habitats in the intermountain West of North America.
Soil pollutants affecting food chains and food webs by killing microorganisms are?
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Chemical fertilizers
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Agriculture wastes
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Pesticides
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Pathogens
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$NO _2$
What is the main reason why the soil becomes contaminated?
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Organic methods of farming
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Agriculture farming
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The presence of man made waste
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Afforestation
Which of the following causes soil pollution?
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Oil spill
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Fertilizers
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Acid rain
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All of the above
Acid rain cause soil pollution by
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Changing the chemical nature of soil
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Altering the fertility of soil
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Increasing the mineral content of the soil
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Both A and B
What is the effect of soil pollution on growth of plants?
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The ecological balance gets affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil.
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Growth of plants increases
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Growth of plants is retarted
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None of the above
The abiotic factors which cause soil pollution is
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Insect
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Deforestation
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Soil erosion
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Both B and C
Brick kilns is a type of______ pollutants.
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Natural
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Man-made
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Both A and B
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None of these
Vehicular, industries, garbage, brick-kilns are some example of man made pollutants. These pollutants are under human control.
Which of the following has an adverse effect on the soil?
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Increase in microbial content of the soil
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Increase in biodegradable waste
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Increase in agricultural waste
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Both A and B
The harmful change in the colour, texture, and quality of soil due to addition and removal of any material is called soil pollution. Soil pollution reduces the productivity of the soil. There are several pollutants that cause soil pollution. For example, agricultural wastes, radioactive wastes and discarded materials of hospitals etc. The agricultural waste includes pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, weedicides etc. These are the chemicals that are involved in changing the pH of the soil. For example, repeated use of fertilizers makes the soil acidic which in turn decreases the productivity of the soil. So, the correct option is C.
........... contains fine particles released from the thermal power plant.
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Carbon particles
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Fly ash
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Sewage
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None of the above
What is the effect of soil pollution on health of humans?
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Pollution causes threat to water
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It does not cause threat to humans
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Pollution through the plants is transferred to humans and animals
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It only affects animals
The process of laterization results into
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Degradation of soil
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Formation of humus
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Mineralization of humus
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Formation of soil
Which of the following is used to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant?
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Biological augmentation
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Biostimulation
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Biosensor
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None of the above
Biological augmentation or bioaugmentation is the process of addition of bacterial cultures to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant. It is also called as biological augmentation.
Which of the following is the source of soil pollution?
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Oil and fuel dumping
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Nuclear wastes
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Coal ash
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All of the above
When the wastes are disposed of in the ground, there is leaching of the chemicals from the waste. This results in the soil pollution and contamination of the groundwater. The oil and fuel, nuclear wastes and the coal ash are dumped by making pits in the ground. This results in the loss of the fertility and quality of the soil.
Which of the following can be used for microbial digestion of certain organic chemicals which causes soil pollution?
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Biosensor
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Bioaugmentation
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Bioremediation
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None of the above
Bioremediation means cleaning of the environment of organic chemicals with the help of microbes, plant and animal species. The organisms involved in bioremediation are of two types, hyperaccumulators and detoxifying. Hyperaccumulators are used in bioprospecting and removal of minerals from wastes. The detoxifying agents metabolize the harmful chemicals through various biochemical reactions.
Soil salinity affects the plant growth by
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Reducing the roots ability to extract water from the soil
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Reducing the rate of flowering
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Reducing the rate of ripening
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None of the above
Soil salinity may be due to the presence of soluble salts in the soil water. This causes salt stress. Due to the presence of salts, the rate of absorption of water is decreased. The absorption of the water with salts may cause cell injury because the water is evaporated as transpiration. There is an accumulation of the salts which may result in cell injury. Hence, the plant will prevent the uptake of salt water and there will be a reduction in the water absorption.
Which of the following method helps in conservation of soil?
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Plant windbreaks
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Practice contour farming
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Reduce impervious surfaces
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All of the above
Soil pollution can cause
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Soil infertility
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Land degradation
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Change is structure of soil
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All of the above
Why industrial waste contaminates the soil?
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They adversely affect the fertility of soil
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They change the colour of the soil
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They change the pH of the soil
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Both A and C
Soil pollution is caused by the addition of substances and factors which decrease its productivity. It is caused by agrochemicals, industrial wastes, municipal wastes etc. It adversely affects the fertility of the soil. The industrial waste lingers in the soil surface for a long time and makes it unsuitable for use by changing the pH of the soil. Pesticides and herbicides are used in agricultural practices and these chemicals penetrate into the soil and change the pH of the soil, affecting its fertility.
Which of the following can be related to both soil and air pollution?
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Intensive farming
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Acid rain
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Leaching
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All of the above
Acid rain is the secondary effect of air pollution. The gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide when in high concentration in the air, mix with the air moisture in clouds and form sulphuric and nitric acids. These acids come down to the earth in the form of acid rain-causing much damage to the living organism and buildings. Acid rain pollutes water and soil both. When the rain droplets get mixed with nitrogen and sulfur oxide it causes acid rain. this acid rain when fall on earth reacts with soil because of chemicals present in acid rain, the fertility of particular area gets affected.
Which of the following diseases may be caused by soil pollution?
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AIDS
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Tetanus
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Syphilis
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None of the above
Which of the following is the industrial sources of soil pollution?
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Paints
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Cardboard
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Fertilizers
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None of the above
- Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, colour, or provide texture to objects.
- Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.
- Paints consist of heavy metal pollutants which when mixed with soil causes soil pollution.
- Hence Paint is the industrial sources of soil pollution.
- So, the correct answer is 'Paints'.
Which of the following is not a source of Soil Pollution?
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Pesticides
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Biomedical Wastes
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Industrial Wastes
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None of the above
- Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.
- Sources of soil pollution include Pesticides, Biomedical Wastes, Industrial Wastes, improper disposal of waste, etc.
- So, the correct answer is 'None of the above'.
The chief sources of soil pollution is
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Automobiles
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Sewage
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Agriculture wastes
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None of the above
Which of the following type of pollution may cause tetanus?
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Water pollution
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Soil pollution
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Air pollution
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None of the above
Positive pollution of soil is due to:
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Excessive use of fertilizers
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Addition of wastes on soil
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Reduction in soil productivity
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All of the above
Soil pollution is alteration in soil caused by removal or addition of substances and factors, which decrease its productivity and quality of plants and ground water. Negative soil pollution is reduction in soil productivity due to erosion and over use. Positive soil pollution is reduction in soil productivity due to addition of undesirable substances e.g., agrochemicals, industrial wastes, air pollutants washed down by rain, faulty sanitation etc. Pesticides and fertilisers are the two most important types of agrochemicals.
Which of the following get contaminated by solid wastes?
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Soil
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Air
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Noise
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All of the above
Plains with snow, ice, and frozen soil for most of the year are found in ____________.
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Chapparal
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Taiga
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Tundra
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Savannah
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Desert
Tundra receives very little precipitation, around 25 cm year, mostly in the form of snow. The area is covered by snow for most part of the year. The highest summer temperature is $12^0$
The relationship among different types of soil water can be summed up by the following equations. Which one is correct?
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Chresard = echard + hollard
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Chresard = hollard - echard
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Echard = hollard + chresard
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Hollard = chresard - echard
Plants require water for the metabolic actions which is absorbed by the roots of the plants. The total water which is poured in the soil is not available to the plants.bThe total water content present in the soil is called hollard. Chresard is 75% of capillary water, water actually available for plants so that they can absorbed for their growth. Echard is remaining water. Therefore, correct relationship between them is Chresard + Echard = Hollard or Chresard = Hollard - echard. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
___________ is one of the causes of soil pollution:
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Dumping of plastic
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Dumping of harmful chemical wastes
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Industrial effluents
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All of the above
Introduction of an undesired component in the natural ecosystem is called as pollution. Wastes like plastic, chemicals, industrial effluents etc., causes damage to the natural micro flora of soil. Due to this soil pollution is lead.
Which amongst the following is one of the effects of soil pollution?
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Minimata disease
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Lead poisioning
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Bio-accumulation
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Higher growth yield
Presence of unwanted contaminant in soil is called soil contamination. The deposition of pesticides on fruits and vegetables lead to its accumulation in fatty tissues of the host. This phenomenon is called bio accumulation.
The pesticides need to be replaced because these
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are very costly
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cannot be stored for a long time
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are mostly toxic and non-biodegradable
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cause abnormalities in, the target population.
The toxicity of pesticides is affecting the human health due to excessive accumulation of the pesticides in the food. Pesticides mixed with water are non-biodegrable in nature, due to which various water borne diseases are occurring in humans.
Following are the human activities that increase soil erosion except
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The tillage of agricultural lands
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Deforestation
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Roads and urbanization
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Planting on slopes
Explanation: Overgrazing, over cropping and or deforestation can lead to desertification the spread of desert like lands due to these human activities accelerating natural erosion of soil.
Which among the following is a soil pollutant?
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Organo-chlorines
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Mercury
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Lead
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Arsenic
Presence of unwanted contaminant in soil is called soil contamination. Non-biodegradable chemical pesticides are the largest source of soil pollutant. organo-chlorides are group of insecticides based on chlorinated hydrocarbons (organochlorines).
Contamination of soil system by considerable quantities of chemicals and substance is known as
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Water pollution
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Soil Pollution
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Air pollution
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Noise Pollution
Which of the following is the common term used for unwanted particles in the soil?
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Antibiotics
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Eutrophication
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Xenobiotic
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None of the above
Xenobiotics are the unwanted chemicals or particles of compounds which are found in the regions where generally they are not present. These are the foreign particles like the herbicides, pesticides, agrochemicals like fertilizers, etc. These are the chemicals which might interact with the bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil. This might affect the absorption of nutrients by the plants.
Acidification of soil means
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Increase in H$^+$ ions
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Increase in pH
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Decrease in pH
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Both A and C