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Classification and management of wastes - class-IX

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In ...................... strategy for saving the environment, things are used again and again.

  1. Reuse

  2. Invent

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In reuse strategy for saving the environment, things are used again and again. Many items found around the home can be used for different purposes. So before you throw those items away, think about how they can be reused.

Non-biodegradable pollutants are created by 

  1. Nature

  2. Excessive use of resources

  3. Humans

  4. Natural disasters


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Non-biodegradable pollutants refer to toxic pollutants that are not degraded or decomposed naturally into less harmful compounds. Humans are the primary source of producing non-biodegradable pollutants. These pollutants include heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury and lead, polythene, synthetic fibres and DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane).

So, the correct answer is 'Humans'.

Plastic is one of the most harmful .......... waste.

  1. Biodegradable 

  2. Non biodegradable

  3. Biotic

  4. Abiotic


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The substance which can be easily decomposed by natural decomposers is called as biodegradable wastes such as humans and animal excreta, plant wastes. Whereas the substance that cannot be decomposed by the natural decomposers and harm the environment is called as non biodegradable such as plastics, nuclear wastes or radioactive wastes, chemical wastes like DDT. Abiotic is the nonliving component of the ecosystem which consists air, water sunlight etc. Biotic is the component of an ecosystem which consists all living things like animals and plants. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Which one is non-biodegradable?

  1. DDT

  2. Sewage

  3. Livestock waste

  4. Market garbage


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT is a crystalline, colourless and odourless compound which is used as an insecticide.
B. Sewage is the wastewater which is generated from the homes and factories.
C. Livestock waste is generated from livestock industries of meat, egg and milk.
D. Market garbage is the rubbish stuff produced from various factories and industries.
Out of all these options, DDT is non-biodegradable which means that it cannot be degraded by the action of microbes.
So, the correct answer is 'DDT'.

All materials are not recycled in the environment.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Either

  4. Neither


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Many elements are recycled in nature through biogeochemical cycles. For example, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur etc. Biogeochemical cycles are also known as nutrient cycles. Through these cycles, there is exchange or circulation of nutrients between biotic and abiotic components of biosphere. The elements are provided to organisms by the earth and after their death and decay, the elements are returned to earth again.However, plastics, glass, synthetic fibres etc are not recycled in the environment
Hence, the statement given in the question is correct.
So, the correct answer is 'True'

Biodegradable wastes should be separated and kept in blue colour bins for garbage collectors.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Either

  4. Neither


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Biodegradable wastes can be decomposed by the action of microbes. They are kept in green coloured bins for garbage collectors. Green bins are meant for collecting wet waste such as kitchen waste, fruit peels, food items etc. Blue coloured bins are meant for collecting dry waste which include plastic items, glass jars, metal cans, paper bags, polybags etc. which can be recycled or reused. 
Hence, the statement given in the question is incorrect.
So, the correct answer is 'False'. 

In the following groups of materials, which group(s) contains only non-biodegradable items?

  1. wood, paper, leather

  2. polythene, detergent, PVC

  3. plastic, detergent, grass

  4. plastic, bakelite, DDT


Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:
Non-biodegradable substances are the substances that can't be decomposed or degraded into simpler molecules by the action of microbes. Therefore these substances remain in nature for a long period of time. These include polythene, detergent, PVC (Polyvinyl chloride, a synthetic polymer of plastic) plastic, bakelite, DDT (a pesticide) etc.
Biodegradable substances can be decomposed into simpler molecules by the action of microbes. These include wood, paper, leather, grass etc.
So, the correct answer is option B and D.

Multiple Choice Questions
Which one is non biodegradable

  1. sewage

  2. market garbage

  3. liverstock waste

  4. DDT


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a colorless and crystalline organochlorine known for its insecticidal properties.  It is nonbiodegradable and tends to accumulate and magnify in amount due to subsequent uses posing grave environmental impacts.
So, the correct answer is option D, DDT.

Non - biodegradable substances are the one which_________________

  1. Do not degrade

  2. Degrades efficiently

  3. Degrades very slowly

  4. Remains unharmed


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Non-Biodegradable wastes are those that cannot break down or degrade for many years. These are waste that cannot change into manure and they pile up causing pollution. Burning these fuels causes more pollution in the environment. The non-biodegradable wastes become useful when they can be recycled.

So the correct option is 'Do not degrade'.

Which of the following materials are non-biodegradable?

  1. Plastic mugs

  2. Egg shell

  3. Leather belt

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Egg shell and leather belt are obtained naturally from living organisms and are made of biodegradable components.

Plastic mugs are synthesized by humans in factors by making artificial polymers using chemicals which ultimately becomes non biodegradable. It remains as it is for thousands of years in the same condition.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Plastic mugs.'

Identify the inorganic impurity

  1. Urine

  2. Human faeces

  3. Phospahates

  4. Pesticides


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Urine, Human feces and pesticides consist or compounds made up of carbon and other organic constituents and accumulate as organic waste. While phosphates are the compounds considered as inorganic and they are the inorganic impurity in nature. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphates'.

Find incorrect statement for Non-biodegradable pollutants:

  1. The non-biodegradable pollutants are decomposed by microbes

  2. They are degraded slowly

  3. They are often harmful

  4. DDT, BHC, plastics, broken glass are examples of non-biodegradable pollutants


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Non-biodegradable wastes are those that cannot be decomposed or dissolved by microbes or any natural agents. They remain on earth for thousands of years without any degradation.

So, the correct answer is 'the non-biodegradable pollutants are  decomposed by microbes

Acid deposited in rain and snow is known as

  1. Wet Deposition

  2. Dry Deposition

  3. Acid Rain

  4. Rain Depolarization


Correct Option: A

'volatile solids' represents

  1. Dissolved solids

  2. Organic Solids

  3. Colloidal Solids

  4. Suspended Solids


Correct Option: B

DDT is a _____________ pollutant

  1. Bio degradable

  2. Non bio degradable

  3. Un-biodegradable

  4. Naturally degradable


Correct Option: B

Most harmful environmental pollutants are 

  1. Biodegradable

  2. Corrosive agents

  3. Non-biodegradable chemicals

  4. Toxic chemicals


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Waste that cannot be broken down by other living organisms is called as non-biodegradable. Non-biodegradable substances affect the environment. They may enter the food chain and harm the organisms in the higher trophic levels (by biomagnification), e.g., pesticides, like DDT, non-biodegradable substances like radioactive wastes, lead, mercury etc., affect the health of all living organisms. 

Waste are of two types, biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Wastes are of two types biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Biodegradable waste is an organic matter which can be broken down into simple organic molecules by micro-organisms using composting or digestion. Biodegradable products include paper, clothes, fruit, cardboard, vegetables.

Non-biodegradable waste is a type of waste that cannot be broken down into its base compounds by micro-organisms in a reasonable amount of time. Non-biodegradable products include plastic, metal, construction waste and electronics. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Which of the following is non-biodegradable?

  1. Tea leaves

  2. Nylon

  3. Remains of animals

  4. Fleece of sheep


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct answer is 'nylon'

Nylon is a synthetic polymer that is known for its resistance to biological degradation and is thus non-biodegradable. Tea leaves remain of animals and fleece of sheep are all natural things on which the enzymes of the microbes can be functional and thus can be degraded by them.

 Which of the following is a biodegradable organic substance?

  1. Plastics

  2. Oils

  3. Pesticide

  4. Garbage


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The term biodegradable is used to describe materials that decompose through the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms. Organic substances are carbon containing substances. Thus, garbage can be biodegradable organic substance.

DDT (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) is an example of 

  1. Biodegradable waste

  2. Non-biodegradable waste

  3. Vermicompost

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The substance which cannot be broken down easily like pesticides, insecticides (DDT), mercury, glass particles etc. These remains as such in environment for a very very long time. 

What does E-waste stand for?

  1. Environment waste

  2. Electronic waste

  3. Equipment waste

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling or disposal are also considered e-waste.

Non-biodegradable wastes are 

  1. Biological in origin

  2. Commonly man made

  3. Degraded by microbes

  4. Do not accumulate in nature


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Non-biodegradable wastes can not be broken down by decomposes because they do not have enzymes for the same. They are commonly man made. They are not degraded by micro organism. They pile up and accumulate in nature. 

Biodegradable waste can be _______

  1. Naturally degraded

  2. Artificially degraded

  3. Lead enter food chain and lead to biomagnification

  4. All


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biodegradable wastes are naturally degraded by microbes they can also be disposed of thoughts waste treatment plants or converted into an agriculture resources of nature and compost. 

Which of the following groups contain only bio-degradable items?

  1. Grass, flowers and leaves

  2. Grass, wood and plastic

  3. Fruit peels, cake and plastic

  4. Cake, wood and glass


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
 Biodegradable materials are the substances made of organic matter, such as plant and animal matter, that can be easily broken down by detritus organisms
 For example, vegetable peels and other kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, tea leaves, paper, wood, etc.
Whereas non-biodegradable materials are those materials, which cannot be broken down easily, and retain their form for a long period of time. For example, metals, tin, glass, plastics etc. 
So, the correct answer is 'Grass, flowers and leaves'

An analysis of soil sample revealed $0.1 mg$ of a pesticide and $1 mg$ of the same of pesticide was found in grains. However in the adipose tissue of birds the concentration was $2 mg$. The reason for this is the phenomenon known as

  1. Bioabsorption

  2. Biotranslocation

  3. Biomagnification

  4. Biomulitiplication


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Biomagnification is the accumulation or increasing bioconcentration of lipophilic pesticides in the top members of the food chain. During biomagnification, the concentration of pesticides goes on increasing according to the food chain and highest values occur in the consumers of the top trophic level. So, the value of pesticide will go on increasing from the soil, to the plant and to the bird. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Biodegradable pollutant is

  1. Plastic

  2. Asbestors

  3. Sewage

  4. Mercury


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Sewage is basically wastewater that contains faeces, urine, household and laundry waste, sewage needs to be treated in water treatment plant before letting it in sea body. Being organic in nature, sewage is biodegradable pollutant which can be broken down into simple substance in nature in due course of time by the action of certain microorganisms like bacteria. This process is called biodegradation/decomposition. Plastic, asbestos and mercury are non-biodegradable pollutants.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Sewage'.

Drawback of DDT as pesticide is

  1. It becomes ineffective after some time

  2. It is less effective than others

  3. It is not easily/ rapidly degraded in nature

  4. Its high cost


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine compound used as an insecticide in agricultural fields. The major disadvantage of DDT is bioaccumulation or not easily degrading nature, due to fat solubility it is accumulated in living tissues. The human body is not able to break it which cause its build up in the food chain and causing poisoning in the animals. Its effects can be seen in birds as the production of thin eggshells vulnerable to damage.

Hence, the correct answer is 'It is not easily/rapidly degraded in nature'.

DDT has been a major pollutant because it

  1. Kills aquatic animals

  2. Kills pests

  3. Destroys many valuable species

  4. Is non-degradable


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorinated chemical used as an insecticide. This compound is highly stable in the environment. It readily stays in the adipose tissues of the living organisms and accumulates at the successive trophic level to cause the biomagnification. In soil, it is not acted upon by the decomposing bacteria so it remains persistent for years. Due to its nonbiodegradable nature, it became a major pollutant of the agricultural soil. Its use was banned by the Stockholm Convention of 2001.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Is non-degradable'.

A non-biodegradable pollutant is

  1. Newsprint

  2. Green leaves

  3. DDT

  4. Cowdung


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A non-biodegradable pollutant is the one that could not be broken down or decomposed by the decomposing fungi and bacteria present in the water and soil. DDT is an organochlorinated compound used as an insecticide that is chemically stable. It does not dissolve in water rather it mixes with the adipose tissue in the living organisms and persists in the food chain, causing biomagnification. In the soil, it destroys the microbial fauna. 

Newsprint paper, green leaves and cow dung are all organic biomass that can be degraded easily.
Hence, the correct answer is 'DDT'.

This is a nonbiodegradable pollutant  :

  1. Sewage

  2. Sulphur dioxide

  3. Oxides of nitrogen

  4. Lead vapour


Correct Option: D

What is the correct match about biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances? 

  1. Biodegradable- broken down into simpler substances by biological processes.

    Non-biodegradable- cannot be broken down into simpler ones by biological processes.

  2. Biodegradable- cannot be broken down into simpler ones by biological processes. 

    Non-biodegradable- broken down into simpler substances by biological processes.

  3. Both A and B.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Substances that are broken down into simpler substances by biological processes are said to be biodegradable. For examples, wood, paper. Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler ones by biological processes are said to be non-biodegradable. For example, plastic, DDT.

Animal dung is ______ waste.

  1. biodegradable

  2. non-biodegradable

  3. hazardous

  4. toxic


Correct Option: A

The most harmful environmental pollutants are

  1. human organic wastes

  2. wastes from feedlots

  3. non-biodegradable chemicals

  4. natural nutrients present in excess


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

biodegradable wastes are those wastes which easily gets degraded into simpler molecules over a period of time by microorganisms. Biodegradable wastes include human organic wastes, nutrients wastes etc.whereas nonbiodegradable substances accumulate in the environment and causes pollution. These wastes also sometimes accumulate in an organism when the feed upon them and through biomagnification reaches the higher concentration in higher groups.

so. the correct answer is 'non-biodegradable chemicals'.

Non-biodegradable articles are the ones which cannot be decomposed.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Non-biodegradable substances are the substances that can't be decomposed or degraded into simpler molecules by the action of microbes. Therefore these substances remain in nature for a long period of time. Such substances include plastic, polythene, metals, paints, polystyrene etc. These substances are also harmful for nature. They can be decomposed only by chemical agents.
Hence, the statement given in question is incorrect as non biodegradable articles cannot be decomposed or degraded.
So, the correct answer is 'True'.

The phenomenon of accumulation of non-biodegradable pesticides in human beings

  1. Biomagnification

  2. Bioaccumulation

  3. Biodegradation

  4. Bioremediation


Correct Option: B

What causes rise in nutrient level of water?

  1. Deforestation

  2. Biodegradation

  3. Eutrophication

  4. Composition


Correct Option: B

Biomedical waste (management and handling) rules, was established in the year _____

  1. 1995

  2. 1998

  3. 1992

  4. 1996


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biomedical waste, if not handled properly is a potent source of diseases like AIDS, TB, Hepatitis and other bacterial disease causing serious threat to human health. Therefore this waste needs prime attention for its safe and proper disposal. So the Government of India published Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules on July 27, 1998.

Non-biodegradable wastes are ____ in nature. 

  1. Decomposable

  2. Non-decomposable

  3. Both

  4. None


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Non biodegradable wastes are non-decomposable in nature. They are not degraded by microbes. They pile up and accumulate in nature. 

Find the odd one out:

  1. Thermocols

  2. Plastic bags

  3. Resins

  4. Ash


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Wastes can be distinguished as decomposable and non decomposable waste. Ash is decomposable while rest are non decomposable.

Most harmful type of environmental pollutants are

  1. Human organic wastes

  2. Natural nutrients in excess

  3. Waste animal feed

  4. Non-biodegradable chemicals


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

One of the side effects of developing civilisation can be observed in the form of presence of non-biodegradable material which cannot be broken down into simple, harmless substance by the action of bacteria. They are lethal to land where they are dumped and last for centuries, burning of them release poisonous gases injurious to human and animals health in various possible ways. Entry of such substances pollute water bodies because of their non-depleting nature they occupy space in water bodies and consumed by animals causing severe health condition and death. Polythene, plastic is some deadly non-biodegradable waste.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Non-biodegradable chemicals'.

This is non biodegradable pollutant

  1. Sulphur dioxide

  2. Oxides of nitrogen

  3. Lead vapour

  4. Sewage


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The pollutants which cannot be broken down into simpler, harmless substances in nature, are called non-biodegradable pollutants. DDT, plastics, polythene, bags, insecticides, pesticides, mercury, lead, arsenic, metal articles like aluminium cans, synthetic fibres, glass objects, iron products, and silver foils are non-biodegradable pollutants.

So the correct answer is 'Lead vapour'.

Which one of the following statements pertaining to pollutant is correct?

  1. DDT is non-biodegradable pollutant.

  2. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes osteoporosis.

  3. Excess cadmium in drinking water may cause black foot disease.

  4. Methyl mercury in water may cause 'itai itai' disease.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DDT is an organochlorine pollutant used as insecticides and has several environmental impacts. Chemicals in DDT do not degrade easily and remain in the soil for a long time after its application because it cannot be broken down by the action of microorganism and thus persists and is lethal to human and animal life.

A. DDT is a non-biodegradable pollutant.
B. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes teeth mottling.
C. Excess cadmium in drinking water may cause Itai-Itai disease.
D. Methyl mercury in water may cause Minamata disease.
Hence, the correct answer is 'DDT is non-biodegradable pollutant'.

Which is matched for composite waste?

  1. Waste clothing, waste plastics such as toys

  2. Waste clothing, rocks

  3. Toys, green waste

  4. Toys, bottles, paper


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Composite waste is a heterogeneous mix of trash composed of different types of materials. Composite waste includes waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys.

So the correct option is 'Waste clothing, waste plastics such as toys.'

Rules of effective environmental waste management or three R's are:

  1. Reduce, Return, Recycle

  2. Reduce, Recover, Recycle

  3. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

  4. Reduce, Remove, Recycle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The three R's - reduce, reuse and recycle - saves our environment and they all help to cut down on the amount of waste generated in the environment.


So, the correct answer is 'Reduce, Reuse, Recycle'

The 'three Rs' that will help us to conserve natural resources for long term use are

  1. Recycle, regenerate, reuse

  2. Reduce, regenerate, reuse

  3. Reduce, reuse, redistribute

  4. Reduce, recycle, reuse


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Reduce the consumption of various resources wherever possible. For example- we can reduce the consumption of electricity by switching off lights and other appliances when they are not required. 
Recycle- There are many items which can be recycled again and again. Recycling is another way of reducing the demand for natural resources. For example- by recycling paper, we reduce the demand for wood and thus, help in saving the forest.
Reuse- Many items can be reused, many times. For example, the old newspaper can be used for packing many items. We can use one side printed sheets for our rough work at home/work.

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