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Meaning and measurement of poverty - class-XII

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In the second phase, the emphasis was on _______.

  1. growth

  2. poverty alleviation

  3. infrastructure

  4. all the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following cause(s) responsible for poverty in India?

  1. Low rate of economic development

  2. Political factors

  3. Unemployment

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D

Agricultural productivity improved in case of __________.

  1. Wheat and potatoes

  2. Green chillies and tomatoes

  3. Bajra and oilseeds

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: A

Agricultural productivity refers to _______________.

  1. Capacity of labour to produce

  2. Productivity of labour

  3. Capacity of land to produce

  4. Capacity of capital to produce


Correct Option: C

Agricultural sector contribution in export earning is ________.

  1. 30%

  2. 20%

  3. 40%

  4. 50%


Correct Option: B

Recognisation of agriculture means _______________.

  1. Redistribution of land

  2. Consolidation of holdings

  3. Cooperative farming

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

"Inequalities of income" refers to ____________.

  1. gap between rich and poor

  2. all workers do not equal wages

  3. all companies do not earn same profit

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: A

___________ has led to fall in the real income of fixed and low-income earners in India.

  1. Backward techniques of agriculture

  2. Inflation

  3. Inadequate poverty alleviation measures

  4. Political factors


Correct Option: B

_____________ of India is characterised with outdated institutions of caste systems.

  1. Urban structure

  2. Political structure

  3. Social structure

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Which of the following groups is/are vulnerable to poverty in India?

  1. Scheduled castes

  2. Scheduled tribes

  3. Casual labourers

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The social groups most vulnerable to poverty have been identified to be the scheduled caste households and the scheduled tribe households with both these groups having above average levels of poverty indicators in the rural and the urban population.

Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the agricultural labour households (rural) and the casual labour households (urban) each having the highest levels.

In which state has the high agricultural growth helped to reduce poverty?

  1. Jammu & Kashmir

  2. West Bengal

  3. Punjab

  4. Gujarat


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Punjab adopted several modern techniques in agriculture and was the centre of Green Revolution.

The irrigation facilities have also helped to increase the production resulted in increase in agricultural incomes and thus reduced poverty.

Which of the following is responsible for high poverty rate?

  1. Huge income inequalities

  2. Unequal distribution of land

  3. Lack of effective implementation of land reforms

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Income differences has been found to be very high which creates poverty.
  • Unequal distribution of land among people also increases poverty.
  • Poverty also increased as effective land reform implementation have not taken place.

What is the main cause of poverty in India? 

  1. High income inequalities

  2. Less job opportunities

  3. High growth in population

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The estimated population of India is 300 million people. More than 70 percent of the population lives in the rural areas where access to resources and quality education is hard. Therefore, the majority of the population fail to acquire the necessary skills for development. Overpopulation in India has led to high unemployment rates and has inhibited the provision of quality public services. The caste system in India has also contributed to the increase in poverty due to separation of people into thousands of groups.

Which one of the following is not a cause of poverty in India?

  1. Low level of economic development

  2. Income inequalities

  3. Lack of positive political inclination

  4. Migration of people from rural to urban India


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Lack of positive political inclination is not a cause of poverty. The government has been running targeted anti-poverty campaigns and has taken measures to uplift economic growth. Others are causes such as economic development suffered during the British administration. They discouraged traditional industries, handicrafts and promoted their products in the market.  Further, when people migrated from rural to cities, they were unable to find jobs and started working at small irregular incomes as vendors, rickshaw pullers. This created urban poverty. Also uneven distribution of land and resources has resulted in poverty.

Which of the following is/are land reforms?

  1. Liberty regarding the total land a person can hold

  2. Distribution of excessive land to large farm holders to increase production

  3. Abolition of zamindari system

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

In India, the techniques in agricultural production and productivity in agriculture, as compared to advanced countries are _________.

  1. backward and high respectively

  2. backward and low respectively

  3. advanced and high respectively

  4. advanced and low respectively


Correct Option: B

Lack of entrepreneurship is a cause of poverty.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Partially true

  4. Partially false


Correct Option: A

Which of the following cause(s) responsible for poverty in India?

  1. Rapidly rising population

  2. Under-utilized resources

  3. Low productivity in agriculture

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D

IRDP means ___________.

  1. International Rural Developing Policy

  2. Integrated Routine Development Programme

  3. Integrated Rural Development Programme

  4. International Rural Development Programme


Correct Option: C

Causes for poverty include___.

  1. dependence on agriculture

  2. poor levels of education and skills

  3. economic backwardness

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D

Which one of the following is a cause of Poverty in India?

  1. Abundant Population.

  2. Abundant Natural Resources.

  3. Abundant Inequalities in Distribution of Income.

  4. Abundant Surplus Manpower in Agriculture.


Correct Option: C

Which of these is not a cause for Poverty?

  1. Feudalistic system of bonded labour.

  2. Subsistence level of earning in agriculture.

  3. Improved medical facilities.

  4. Stagnation of rural areas.


Correct Option: C

Which one of the following is NOT the economic factor for the causes of poverty?

  1. Fast rise in population

  2. Low productivity in agriculture

  3. Mass illiteracy

  4. Inequalities of income.


Correct Option: C

The inequalities of income in urban areas are __________.

  1. increasing

  2. decreasing

  3. stable

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: A

In the following country, growth in population is considered desirable _______.

  1. India

  2. Australia

  3. China

  4. All of above


Correct Option: B

Poverty line means a person must have how many calories per day in rural areas?

  1. 2400

  2. 2100

  3. 2000

  4. 2200


Correct Option: A

Absolute poverty means?

  1. Minimum calorie intake required for a person

  2. Basic recommended nutritional requirement for a person

  3. Difference between the living standard of people

  4. Both a & b


Correct Option: D

Relative poverty means.

  1. Minimum calorie intake required for a person

  2. Basic requirement of a person

  3. Difference between the living standard of people

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

The concept of absolute poverty is relevant for _______________.

  1. developed countries

  2. developing countries

  3. socialist countries

  4. mixed economies


Correct Option: B

Causes of Urban Poverty _______________.

  1. Illiteracy

  2. Low growth of industrialisation

  3. High level of migration from rural areas

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

______________ refers to a phenomenon where a section of the population lacks basic necessities of life, and thus is unable to have a minimum standard of living.

  1. Relative poverty

  2. Absolute poverty

  3. Human poverty

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

__________  is a situation when the income needed for consumption expenditure of a section of the society is distinctively below the average income level of the society.

  1. Absolute poverty

  2. Human poverty

  3. Relative poverty

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Which two states of India continue to be the poorest states?

  1. Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir

  2. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

  3. Odisha, Bihar

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:


The sixth position in the list of the poorest states in India is grabbed by Odisha.

32.59% people are living below the poverty line.

Bihar is the fifth poorest state in India. 

The poverty level in this state is around 33.74%.

Which state of India has the largest percentage of poverty?

  1. Jharkhand

  2. Odisha

  3. Chhattisgarh

  4. Bihar


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Nearly 39.1 % of people in Jharkhand are below poverty line (BPL) as against national rates of 29.8 %.

Relative poverty means parity of income.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Relative poverty means disparity of income. It implies international economic inequalities and regional economic disparities. The National Sample Survey Organisation measures the population living below poverty line in India from time to time (generally every five years).

How can relative poverty be measured?

  1. Through maximum income.

  2. Through minimum income.

  3. Through definite income.

  4. Through average income


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Relative poverty can be measured through average income. It is the condition in which people lack the minimum amount of income needed in order to maintain the average standard of living in the society in which they live. The concept of relative poverty is used to measure the degree of poverty.

Indian Population has over the years, shown a growth rate of _________.

  1. more than 2% pa.

  2. less then 2% p.a.

  3. exactly 2% p.a.

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

A person living in rural area is considered to be below poverty line if his monthly income is below_____.

  1. Rs.2000

  2. Rs.1500

  3. Rs.225

  4. Rs.2650


Correct Option: C

When Poverty is not related to the distribution of Income or Consumption Expenditure, it is called____.

  1. absolute poverty

  2. relative poverty

  3. either (a) or (b)

  4. neither (a) nor (b)


Correct Option: A

Concept of relative poverty is more relevant for _______ country.

  1. less developed country

  2. developed

  3. developing

  4. backward


Correct Option: B

Identify the incorrect statement.

  1. The problems of poverty and unemployment are inter-related.

  2. The problem of poverty has been solved in India.

  3. Growing population has also contributed to the problem of poverty in India.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The incorrect statement is that "the problem of poverty has been solved in India", since the problem still exists in India.

Concept of absolute poverty is relevant for __________ country.

  1. less developed country

  2. developed

  3. developing

  4. backward


Correct Option: A

According to  the planning Commission, a person is said to be Below Poverty Line, If he is earning less than ______ per capita per month for urban areas and less than ______ per capita per month for rural areas.

  1. 2,000 Rs., 3,000 Rs.

  2. 500 Rs., 1,000 Rs.

  3. 240 Rs., 200 Rs.

  4. 860 Rs., 673 Rs.


Correct Option: D

The poverty line is defined on the basis of an average daily intake of calories, it is at ___________ calories in rural areas.

  1. 2100

  2. 2300

  3. 3400

  4. 2400


Correct Option: D

According to the Planning Commission, how many average daily calories per person define the poverty line in urban areas?

  1. 2100

  2. 2400

  3. 2700

  4. 3000


Correct Option: A
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