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Biogeochemical cycles - sedimentary - class-XI

Description: biogeochemical cycles - sedimentary
Number of Questions: 45
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Tags: ecology and environment option c: ecology and conservation ecosystem ecosystems biology ecosystem : structure and function zoology botany
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In phosphorus, cycle phosphorus enters an ecosystem, during which of the following processes?

  1. Weathering

  2. Respiration

  3. Photosynthesis

  4. Nitrification

  5. Condensation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles by the action of various environmental factors like wind, water, sunlight etc.
B. Respiration is the process by which living organisms derive energy by the oxidation of various complex organic substances.
C. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants capture solar energy and convert it into light energy.
D. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia into nitrates and is performed in two steps, nitrite formation and nitrate formation.
E. Condensation is the process by which gas changes into liquid drops.
Since rocks are made up of phosphorus and contain phosphates, their weathering will cause dissolution of phosphates in the soil and thus, phosphorus enters the ecosystem.
So, the correct answer is 'Weathering'.

Reservior of sulphur is

  1. Rocks

  2. Oceans

  3. Atmosphere

  4. Lakes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rocks are the reservior of sulphur as the sulphur is present in the form of iron pyrites (FeS2)  and gypsum (CaSO4) in rocks.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Crystalline rocks are natural source of biogenetic element

  1. Calcium

  2. Phosphorus

  3. Magnesium

  4. Sodium

  5. Sulpher


Correct Option: B

Phosphorus cycle is

  1. Gaseous cycle

  2. Perfect cycle

  3. Imperfect cycle

  4. Partly gaseous and partly sedimentary


Correct Option: C

Volcano eruption disturbs

  1. phosphorus cycle

  2. Nitrogen cycle

  3. Carbon cycle

  4. Sulphur cycle


Correct Option: A

In which of the following cycles does the reservoir of the
nutrient exist in material from

  1. Carbon cycle

  2. Phosphorous cycle

  3. Nitrogen cycle

  4. Water cycle


Correct Option: B

Which one is a sedimentary cycle?

  1. Oxygen cycle

  2. Nitrogen cycle

  3. Hydrogen cycle

  4. Phosphorus cycle

  5. Carbon cycle


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sediments or sedimentary rocks. Hence, phosphorous cycle represents sedimentary type of nutrient cycle or simply sedimentary cycle.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous cycle.' 

Natural reservoir of phosphorus is :

  1. Sea water

  2. Animal bones

  3. Rock

  4. Fossils


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The natural reservoir of phosphate is the rock which contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates when rocks are weathered, minute amounts of these phosphate dissolve in soil solution and are absorbed by the roots of the plants. Herbivores and other animals obtain this element from plants.

So, the correct answer is 'Rock'.

Which one is the Sedimentary Cycle?

  1. Oxygen Cycle

  2. Nitrogen Cycle

  3. Hydrogen Cycle

  4. Phosphorus Cycle


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sedimentary cycles are those cycles that involve earthbound elements like, calcium, sulfur, phosphorous etc. The phosphorus cycle does not involve the atmosphere, it mainly cycles through water, soil and sediments. 


So, the correct option is 'Phosphorous cycle'.

Which one of the following is sedimentary cycle? 

  1. Carbon

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Nitrogen

  4. Phosphorus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sedimentary cycles are those cycles which include the weathering of rocks and erosion of minerals along with its circulation in the environment and back to earth crust. It includes those of iron, calcium, phosphorus and other more earthbound elements. It is the other name of phosphorus cycle. It is because of the sedimentary rocks, as well as the other type of rocks on weathering, gives rise to the cycling of phosphorus.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Natural reservoir of phosphorus is 

  1. Animal bones

  2. Rock

  3. Fossils

  4. Sea water


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sedimentary rocks are the largest reservoir of the phosphorous .Phosphates are removed from the rocks (via weathering) and are distributed throughout both soils and water. Plants take up the phosphate ions from the soil. The phosphates then move from plants to animals when herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat plants or herbivores. The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually returns to the soil through the excretion of urine and feces, as well as from the final decomposition of plants and animals after death. Hence option B is correct.

Which of the following elements have only the sedimentary type of nutrient cycle?

  1. Carbon

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Nitrogen

  4. Phosphorus


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sedimentary cycles involve the transportation of matter through the ground to water; that is from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere. Most phosphates originate as salts in ocean sediments or in rocks. Over time, geological uplift brings these sediments to the surface, and weathering releases the phosphate ions. Plants can then absorb these phosphates from the soil and use it in cellular processes. Phosphate taken up by plants may then be passed on to animals when the plant is consumed by herbivore that, in turn, may be consumed by carnivores. After death, the animal or plant decays, and the phosphates are returned to the soil by way of bacterial decomposition. Runoff from the land may carry leached phosphate back to the ocean, where it eventually enters sediments and is reincorporated into rock.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Some of the nutrient cycles are labelled as below.
Sulphur cycle (A), phosphorus cycle (B), carbon cycle (C) and nitrogen cycle (D). Of these, the sedimentary cycle is represented by

  1. (A) only

  2. (B) only

  3. (C) only

  4. (A) and (B) only

  5. (C) and (D) only


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The sedimentary cycle is one of the  biogeochemical cycles that forms an important factor for the growth and development of a living organism. For the sedimentary cycle, the major reservoir is the lithosphere which releases the  elements through weathering. The mineral elements required by living organisms are obtained  from inorganic sources either from salts dissolved in water or from rocks. The sedimentary cycle is represented  by phosphorous, sulphur and iodine cycles.
Sulphur cycle is the cycle which allows the circulation of sulphur from the source to the various living organism and back to the natural resources in form of salts of sulphur.

Phosphorous cycle is the cycle which allows the circulation of phosphorous from the source to the various living organism and back to the natural resources in form of salts of phosphorous.

In which of the following cycles, does the reservoir of the nutrient exist in material from?

  1. Carbon cycle

  2. Phosphorous cycle

  3. Nitrogen cycle

  4. Water cycle


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The term biogeochemical cycle is used for the exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of the biosphere.
  • The nutrient cycle can be a gaseous cycle in which the materials involved in circulation between living and nonliving components are gases or vapors, e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
  • In sedimentary cycles of matter; the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere are non-gaseous e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium.
  • The reservoir of phosphorous is phosphates present in rocks.

    Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Which of the following is the major source of phosphorus?

  1. Plants

  2. Animals

  3. Crystalline rocks

  4. Deserts


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phosphorus is a critical element. In living systems, it occurs in nucleic acids, nucleotides including ATP, bones, teeth, phospholipids etc. It is obtained from the soil as orthophosphates. Organic phosphorous circulates in nature from plants to animals. Phosphate is released by decomposers back to the soil. The reservoir pool for phosphorus is phosphates in rocks from which the phosphorus is slowly transferred to cycling pool.

Phosphorus cycles in the form of ____________.

  1. $HPO^{3-}$

  2. $P^{2}$ (gas)

  3. $PO _{4}^{3-}$

  4. $Al _{2}(PO _{4}) _{3}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phosphorus is obtained from soil as orthophosphate $(PO _{4}^{3-})$. Organic phosphorus circulates in nature from plants to animals. Phosphate is released by decomposers (Phosphatising bacteria) back to soil.

Which one of the following element is the critical limiting factor in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss into the ocean ______________.

  1. Phosphorus

  2. Calcium

  3. Magnesium

  4. Iron


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A large amount of phosphate is lost in the sea by sedimentation. This is irretrievable loss.

So, the correct answer is 'Phosphorus'

A long term global cycle which is linked by water and in
which sea floor rising play an important role is

  1. Water cycle

  2. Carbon cycle

  3. Phosphorus cycle

  4. Carbon and nitrogen cycle


Correct Option: C

In the phosphorus cycle, phosphate becomes available by weathering of rocks first to _____________.

  1. Consumers

  2. Producers

  3. Decomposers

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available to the soil from where plants or producers get them first.
So, the correct answer is 'Producers'

Which of the following represents sedimentary type of nutrient cycle?

  1. Nitrogen

  2. Carbon

  3. Phosphorus

  4. Oxygen


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth includes the crust and the uppermost mantle. It makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sediments or sedimentary rocks. Hence, phosphorous represents sedimentary type of nutrient cycle. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous.' 

Lithosphere is reservoir of

  1. Carbon

  2. Oxygen

  3. Phosphorus

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth includes the crust and the uppermost mantle. It makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sedimentary rocks. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous.' 

Crystalline rocks are natural source of

  1. Calcium

  2. Phosphorus

  3. Magnesium

  4. Sulphur


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sediments or sedimentary rocks. Crystalline rocks are sedimentary rocks. They are the natural source of phosphorous.  

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous.' 

Out of nutrient cycles of sulphur (a) phosphorus (b) carbon (c) and nitrogen (d), which one is sedimentary?

  1. a only

  2. b only

  3. c only

  4. a and b only

  5. c and d only


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biochemical cycle is also called as biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle. Biochemical cycle with gaseous phase includes various cycles like carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle. The nitrogen, carbon and oxygen are found in the gaseous form in the atmosphere. Calcium cycle, sodium cycle, phosphorous cycle, iron cycle, magnesium cycle, sulfur cycle are sedimentary cycles.

Thus, the correct answer is 'a and b only.'

Which is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle?

  1. Sulphur

  2. Phosphorus

  3. Nitrogen

  4. Carbon


Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

Biochemical cycle is also called as biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle. Biochemical cycle with gaseous phase includes various cycles like carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle. The nitrogen, carbon and oxygen are found in the gaseous form in the atmosphere. Calcium cycle, sodium cycle, phosphorous cycle, iron cycle, magnesium cycle, sulphur cycle are sedimentary cycles.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sulphur and Phosphorus.'

In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phophate available first to 

  1. Decomposers

  2. Consumers

  3. Producers

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The natural reservoir of phosphorus is rock, which contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates. When rocks are weathered, minute amounts of these phosphates is mixed in soil and are absorbed by the roots of the plants. Herbivores and other animals obtain this element from plants. 

So, the correct answer is 'Producers'

The excreta rich in phosphorus would be called as _________.

  1. Organic excreta

  2. Inorganic excreta

  3. Guano deposits

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Marine birds plays a unique role in phosphorus cycle. These birds eat marine fish, which is rich in phosphorus . Their excreta are called a guano deposits.

Weathering of rocks makes phosphorus available to first

  1. Producers

  2. Decomposers

  3. Consumers

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth includes the crust, sedimentary rocks and the uppermost mantle. It is reservoir of phosphorus. Hence, weathering of rocks makes phosphorus available to first producers.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Producers.'

In water receiving regions, what does forest regulate

  1. Hydrological cycle

  2. Carbon cycle

  3. Nitrogen cycle

  4. Calcium cycle


Correct Option: A

Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component also
is found in

  1. 'P' cycle

  2. 'S' cycle

  3. 'N' cycle

  4. 'C' cycle


Correct Option: B

Which nutrient does not have a gaseous phase on earth?

  1. Carbon

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Phosphorous

  4. Calcium


Correct Option: C

In a volume of air near the earth's surface, _____________ occupies 78 percent and _____________ nearly 21 percent.

  1. Nitrogen, oxygen

  2. Hydrogen, oxygen

  3. Oxygen, hydrogen

  4. Nitrogen, water vapor


Correct Option: A

Impurities in paper absorb $SO _{2}$, converting it into

  1. $H _{2}S$

  2. $H _{2}SO _{4}$

  3. Lead

  4. PAN


Correct Option: B

$SO _{2}$  is converted to sulphuric acid in presences of

  1. Oxygen and Moisture

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Water and Oxygen

  4. Air and sunlight


Correct Option: A

What does sulphur and nitrogen form with water in atmosphere?

  1. Snow

  2. Rain

  3. Wet Deposition

  4. Air pollution


Correct Option: C

Water from springs contain dissolved _____________ compounds which are used to cure some skin diseases.

  1. Nitric

  2. Carbon

  3. Oxide

  4. Sulphur


Correct Option: D

What makes a Leather weak and disintegrates?

  1. Nox

  2. $SO _{2}$

  3. $CO$

  4. $CO _{2}$


Correct Option: B

70% of sulphur dioxide comes from:

  1. Industries

  2. Coal power plants

  3. Vehicles

  4. Domestic cooking


Correct Option: B

What does smoke and water form?

  1. Sulfur dioxide

  2. Sulphuric acid mist

  3. Nitrogen oxide

  4. Carbon dioxide


Correct Option: B

What is chemosynthetic microbes?

  1. Sulphur oxidizing bacteria

  2. Blue green bacteria

  3. Rod-shaped bacteria

  4. Spiral-shaped bacteria


Correct Option: A

Deterioration of leather and paper is caused by

  1. Sulphur dioxide

  2. APN

  3. PAN

  4. Lead


Correct Option: A

Natural sources of sulfur dioxide involves:

  1. Respiration

  2. Cement production

  3. PAN

  4. Volcanic eruptions


Correct Option: D

Which statement is not correct?

  1. Humification is followed by mineralization

  2. Low temperature and anaeobiosis accelerate decomposition

  3. The decomposition is slow if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin

  4. Humus is highly resistance to microbial action


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

  1. Production of sulphur dioxide - Burning of coal

  2. Depletion of ozone layer - Release of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere

  3. Eutrophication - Increase in nitrogen and phosphorus contents in aquatic bodies

  4. Dec:ease in B.O.D. of pond water - Increase in global temperature


Correct Option: A

Which gas is known as rotten egg smell?

  1. $H _{2}S$

  2. $CO _{2}$

  3. $O _{2}$

  4. Argon


Correct Option: A

Which gas is produced by reduction of sulphur?

  1. $CO$

  2. $CO _{2}$

  3. $H _{2}S$

  4. $Nox$


Correct Option: C
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