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Morphology of the fruit - class-VII

Description: morphology of the fruit
Number of Questions: 44
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Tags: biology plants: structure and function morphology of flowering plants fruit and seed
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An example of false fruit is

  1. Apple

  2. Banana

  3. Grapes

  4. Mango


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary, e.g., peduncle in cashew-nut, thalamus in apple, pear, gourd and cucumber; fused perianth in mulberry and calyx in Dillenia.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

A fruit without seed is not useful in case of

  1. Grape

  2. Pomegranate

  3. Orange

  4. Lemon.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pomegranate is a fruit with outer hard layer formed of exocarp and partially mesocarp, which also forms septa in the fruit. The endocarp covers the seeds as a papery structure and the seeds have modified fleshy testa which can be eaten. So, if seed is removed, the rest is not useful.

In grape, the pericarp is eaten and seed is not eaten.
In orange and lemon, the endocarp is edible/usefull and  seed is not eaten.
So, the correct answer is 'Pomegranate'.

The fruit developed from single ovary is

  1. Composite

  2. Simple fruit

  3. Aggregate fruit

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A simple fruit is one which develops from a single ovary of a single flower.

Composite fruit develops from an inflorescence.
Aggregate fruits develop from multicarpellary apocarpous ovary.
So, the correct answer is 'Simple fruit'.

Fruit of ground nut is _______.

  1. Legume

  2. Caryopsis

  3. Berry

  4. Nut


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Answer : 
i) Groundnut is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. 
ii) As a legume, it belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae also known as Leguminosae, and commonly known as the bean or pea family.
iii) Like most other legumes, groundnuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules.
So correct answer is option A.Legume.

Find the set of composite fruits among those listed.
(i) Raspberry
(ii) Mulberry
(iii) Jackfruit
(iv) Blackberry
(v) Pineapple
(vi) Fig.

  1. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  2. (i), (ii), (iii), (v), (vi)

  3. (ii), (iii), (v), (vi)

  4. (iii), (v), (vi)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
True Fruits formed from entire inflorescence are called composite fruits.
i) Raspberry and (iv) Blackberry are aggregate fruits.
So, the correct option is '(ii), (iii), (v), (vi)'.

The fruit of Sorghum is known as?

  1. Cypsela

  2. Caryopsis

  3. Achene

  4. Legume


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Fruit of Sorghum is known as caryopsis. It is single seeded,pericarp is fused with seed coat completely and formed a joint structure termed as a grain. 

Climacteric fruit is the one which shows

  1. Autochory

  2. High respiratory activity at ripening

  3. Sudden change in colour and taste at ripening

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Climacteric fruits are those fruits which are associated with increased ethylene production and high cellular respiration during ripening such as apple, banana, mango, melon, and apricot. Such fruits ripen after harvesting and it is not essential for them to remain on the tree for ripening. Increase in ethylene production triggers up their ripening process. Certain fruits such as citrus, grapes, and strawberries are non-climacteric as they ripen without ethylene and respiratory bursts. 

Autochory is the process of dispersal of seeds and fruits because of some kind of natural physical explosion. It is a kind of self-dispersal of seeds.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Fruit of sunflower is

  1. Drupe

  2. Cypsela

  3. Berry

  4. Carcerulus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fruit of sunflower is cypsela. The fruit of the family Asteraceae is derived from a compound inferior ovary (with one locule). A special term for the Asteraceae fruit is cypsela (plural cypselae or cypselas). For example, the white-gray husks of a sunflower seed are the walls of the cypsela fruit. Many cypselas have calyx tissue attached that functions in biological dispersal of the seed.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as

  1. Lomentum

  2. Samaroid

  3. Capsule

  4. Samara


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as samaroids. 
The family bear erect creamy coloured inflorescenses and colourful samaroid fruit typical of their genus and have pairs of thorns below the rachis.
They are pollinated by different species of honey bee. In late summer, they bear colourful samaroid fruit, containing one seed each. The young shoots are useful as cattle.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The fruit of mustard family is

  1. Silique

  2. Caryopsis

  3. Regma

  4. Legume


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A silicle, is a short and broad silique, as in shepherds purse (Capsella). Both types are characteristic of plants in the mustard family. Silique or siliqua is a fruit of 2 fused carpels with the length being more than three times the width. When the length is less than three times the width of the dried fruit it is referred to as a silicle. The outer walls of the ovary usually separate when ripe, leaving a persistent partition called as replum.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

What is the edible part of orange? 

  1. Unicelled placental hairs

  2. Unicelled endocarpic hairs

  3. Multicelled endocarpic hairs

  4. Multicelled placental hairs


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A hesperidium is a modified berry with a tough, leathery rind. The peel contains volatile oil glands in pits. The fleshy interior is composed of separate sections, called as carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are actually specialized hair cells. The outer ovary wall becomes the thick spongy layer of the rind, while the inner ovary wall becomes very juicy with several seeds. Thus, orange is a hesperidium, in this fruit the endocarp projects inwards forming distinct chambers and epicarp and mesocarp fuse to form the separable part. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A fruit has fleshly mesocarp and stony endocarp is

  1. Pome

  2. Berry

  3. Pepo

  4. Drupe


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Drupe has a fleshy mesocarp and a stony endocarp. Due to this hard endocarp it is also called a stony fruit. 

Which is correct match for edible part

  1. Tomato- Thalamus

  2. Maize-Cotyledons

  3. Guava-Mesocarp

  4. Date-Mesocarp


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The edible part in date is mesocarp. This mesocarp is surrounded by the skin which is epicarp. The mesocarp is the fruit pulp consisting of enlarged parenchymatous cells. 

A small, dry, one-seeded fruit with its pericarp fused with the seed-coat, developing from a monocarpellary gynoecium is called ____________.

  1. Cypsela

  2. Siliqua

  3. Caryopsis

  4. Samara


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A small dry one-seeded fruit with pericarp fused with seed coat which develops from monocarpellary gynoecium i.e from a superior monocarpellary ovary is called caryopsis. 

Examples- Maize, wheat. 

Arial is

  1. Outgrowth of integument

  2. Persistent nucellus

  3. Outgrowth of funicle which grows around the ovule

  4. Outgrowth from micropyle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Arial is fleshy bright outgrowth from the funicle of the seed. It assist in seed dispersal.

Fruit of Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica) is

  1. Balausta

  2. Pepo

  3. Amphisarca

  4. Berry


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fruit in Elephant apple is Amphisarca. The fruit is  succulent, greenish yellow, large and have many seeds which are edible. 

Fruit of custard apple is

  1. Etaerio of berries

  2. Etaerio of follicles

  3. Etaerios of achenes

  4. Ethaerio of drops


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aggregate of small berries, e.g., Custard apple. Apical parts of berries fuse with each other to form a common rind.

Feathery (hairy) style is persistent in

  1. Solanum

  2. Clematis

  3. Helianthus

  4. Hibiscus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Hairy styles .. The fruits of Clematis possess persistent airy styles which help in floating in air.

What is the botanical name of mulberry?

  1. Morus

  2. Anthera

  3. Fragaria

  4. Solanum


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Morus (mulberry) is classified as follows,
Kingdom: Plantae, Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids, 
Order: Rosales,
Family: Moraceae
So, the correct answer is 'Morus'

The type of fruit seen in Jack is.

  1. Citrus fruit

  2. Syconus

  3. Sorosis and multiple fruit

  4. Aggregate


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Multiple fruits are developed from the complete inflorescence which in jack fruits case is spadix. And it is thus called a sorosis type of fruit. 
  • Flowers with many free carpels are apocarpous as seen in the aggregate fruits. 
  • Syconus is the other type of multiple fruits which develops on the ripening of the hypanthium or the coenanthium inflorescence
  • The correct answers are multiple fruit and sorosis 

The correct option is C.

A substance which is used to stimulate the increase in size of the apple fruit is 

  1. Morphactin

  2. Promalin

  3. Ethylene

  4. Ethapone


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Promalin is a mixture of cytokinin-6-benzaldenine, GA$ _{4}$ and GA$ _{7}$. It is very active in stimulating increase in apple size particularly in red delicious apples.

The ripening of fruits can be accelerated by 

  1. Reducing the supply of water to plant when fruits are maturing

  2. Increasing the supply of nitrogen to the atmosphere surrounding them

  3. Warming up the surroundings artificially

  4. Artificially adding ethylene gas to the atmosphere surrounding them


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ethylene is unique in that it found only in gaseous form, and accelerates ripening of fruits, leaves abscission and promotes senescence.

Berries, drupes and pomes are

  1. Aggregate fruits

  2. Composite fruits

  3. Simple succulent fruits

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Berries, drupes and pomes develop from a single ovary of a single flower and thus are simple fruits. They also have bulk of their fruit which is fleshy and hence are called succulent.

Agrregate fruits develop from polycarpellary apocarpous ovary.
Composite fruits develops from a inflorescence of several flowers.
The correct answer is 'Simple succulent fruits'.

It will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruits in

  1. Mangoes

  2. Watermelons

  3. Pomegranate

  4. Oranges


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pomegranate is fruit which has leathery-skinned berry within which it contains many seeds. Each seed is surrounded by a juicy and fleshy aril. It contains hundred of edible seeds. So, it will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruit in pomegranate.

So, the correct answer C 'Pomegranate'

An aggregate fruit is the one which develops from

  1. Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium

  2. Complete inflorescence

  3. Multicarpellary superior ovary

  4. Multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The aggregate fruits are formed from polycarpellary, apocarpous ovary and each ripened is called fruitlet or etaerio. The example is raspberry.

So the correct option is 'Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium'.

A number of fruitlets(seeds) of Strawberry are removed randomly during development of fruit.

  1. Normal fruit with fewer seeds is formed

  2. Distorted fruit with under-developed portions is formed

  3. A seedless fruit is formed

  4. Fruit stops development


Correct Option: B

Which of the following represents the edible part of the fruit of Litchi -

  1. Endocarp

  2. Pericarp

  3. Juicy aril

  4. Mesocarp


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In Litchi, Aril is the edible part of the fruit. It is a collar like an outgrowth from the ovule base. 

So the correct option is C.

An aggregate fruit develops from an inflorescence.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. An aggregate fruit results from the joining together of several ovaries of the same flower. This process starts with a flower that contains several carpels with an equal number of ovaries. As the ovaries develop and increase in size they become attached together. Aggregate fruits are also either true, without accessory parts, or accessory, with additional floral parts. 

So the given statement is false.

Pineapple $\left (ananas  \right )$ fruit develops from-

  1. a unilocular polycarpellary flower

  2. a multipistillate syncarpous flower

  3. a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis

  4. a multilocular monocarpellary flower


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The fruit of Ananas comosus (pineapple or ananas) is sorosis, (a type of multiple fruits), developing from spike, spadix or catkin. In this type, the flowers associate by their succulent tepals, the axis bearing them grows and becomes fleshy or woody, thus, the whole inflorescence turns into a compact fruit.

So, the correct answer is 'a cluster of compactly borne flowers on a common axis'.

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer.

List-I(Fruits) List-II(Edible parts)
a. Casheut $1$. Thalamus
b. Coconut $2$. Cotyledons
c. Apple $3$. Endosperm Aril
d. Litchi
  1. A-$2$, B-$3$, C-$1$ D-$4$

  2. A-$1$, B-$3$, C-$4$, D-$2$

  3. A-$2$, B-$1$, C-$3$, D-$4$

  4. A-$3$, B-$4$, C-$1$, D-$2$


Correct Option: A

Juicy hair-like structures observed in the lemon fruit develop from : -

  1. Exocarp

  2. Mesocarp

  3. Endocarp

  4. Mesocarp and endocarp


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Endocarp in citrus is divided into segments, containing juicy hair like vesicles filled with the juice of the fruit.The epicarp or Flavedo is the outer most covering also called the rind, it contains oil glands. The mesocarp is fused with the epicarp, and is fibrous in nature it also forms the central column of the fruit and is also the called the pith/albedo.   

So, the correct answer is 'Endocarp.'

Fruit shape in shephered's purse(Capsella bursa) is of two types-triangular and top-shaped. Triangular fruit shape(T) is dominant over top-shape (t). Following table summarises the results of several crosses.

Cross Result
Strain 1 x tt All triangular
Strain 2 x tt 1 triangular : 1 top-shaped
Strain 3 x tt All top-shaped
Strain 4 x tt 3 triangular: 1 top-shaped

Which pair of strains possess the genotype Tt?

  1. Strains 2 and 3

  2. Strains 2 and 4

  3. Strains 1 and 3

  4. Strains 1 and 4


Correct Option: A

Nut fruit has

  1. Hard pericarp

  2. Soft pericarp

  3. No pericarp

  4. Pericarp fused with thalamus


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The pericarp is a tissue that develops around the seeds. These are made up of three layers the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. In nuts, the pericarp is a hard indehiscent layer surrounding the seed. Nuts usually have stony pericarp which is hard in nature.

The branch of horticulture that deals with the study of fruits and their cultivation is known as

  1. Pomology

  2. Fruitology

  3. Pornography

  4. Economic botany


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with growing plants used by people for food and medicine, as well as gardens and other forms of ornamental plants. This includes everything from fruits and vegetables to ornamental plants to spices. Anyone who works in any kind of garden is contributing to horticulture. One branch of horticulture is pomology, which is the branch that deals with fruit. The cultivation of any fruit crop falls under this branch, regardless of whether it is a single apple tree in someone's garden, or an entire orchard. Pomology includes everything from bananas to blueberries to strawberries and beyond.  Pomology deals with fruit plants throughout their life cycle, not just the fruit the plants produce. Horticulturalists in this branch cultivate fruit plants from seed all the way through fruit production.

So the correct option is 'pomology'.

Most advanced fruit is?

  1. Cypsela

  2. Caryopsis

  3. Pome

  4. Etaerio of drupe


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A.Cypsela - it is a dry indehiscent fruit, found in the family Asteraceae. It is the most advanced family in Dicotyledons.
B.Caryopsis - it is dry indehiscent fruit found in the family Poaceae.
C.Pome - It is fleshy fruit, in which false fruit is surrounded by true fruit, found in apple.
D.Etaerio of Drupes - A bunch of drupes formed from multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium 
So, the correct option is 'Cypsela'.

Select the mismatched pair out of the following.

  1. Syconus - Ficus carica

  2. Sorosis - Ananas camosus

  3. Pome - Mangifera indica

  4. Cremocarp - Coriandrum sativum


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The mismatched pair is:

Pome - Mangifera indica,
 pome is a false fruit formed from the thalamus, as in apples, pears etc
The fruit of Mangifera indica (mango) is a drupe.
So, the correct answer is 'Pome - Mangifera indica'

Banana is 

  1. Cremocarp

  2. Parthenocarpic berry

  3. Drupe

  4. Capsule


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Banana is formed due to parthenogenesis. Banana is a seedless fruit which is formed without fertilization and pollination. Fruit formation without fertilization is called parthenogenesis . Hence banana is a parthenocarpic berry. 

Juicy hair like structures observed in lemon fruit develop- from

  1. Exocarp

  2. Mesocarp

  3. Endocarp

  4. Mesocarp and endocarp


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Juicy hair-like structure of the lemon fruit develop from endocarp, which is the layer inside of the pericarp. It surrounds the seed.

Edible 'part of Mulberry is 

  1. Thalamus

  2. Perianth

  3. Rachis

  4. Ripened ovary


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In mulberry, the perianth is fleshy and sweet and hence is edible. Apart from this, calyx which is thick and sweet is also edible.

Drupes are called stony fruits as they have

  1. Hard endocarp

  2. Hard mesocarp

  3. Hard epicarp

  4. Hard epicarp and Hard mesocarp


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Drupe or a stone fruit is an indehiscent fruit. In this the exocarp (outer fleshy part) surrounds a pit of hard endocarp with a seed inside it. Due to this hard endocarp, drupes are called stony fruits. 

The fruit commonly occurring in the members of family Solanaceae is

  1. Lomentum

  2. Berry

  3. Cypsela

  4. Drupe


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

It is a large family, commonly called the ‘potato family’. It is widely

distributed in tropics, subtropics and even temperate zones.
The fruit of Solanaceae is berry or capsule.
So, the correct answer is 'Berry'.

Pepo is a false fruit

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate seeds. Pepo is a fleshy, several-seeded fruit that has developed from one flower having a single ovary divided into several carpels, which develops a firm or tough rind as it matures. This type of fruit is found in plants of the family Cucurbitaceae.

So the given statement is false.

Fruit colour in squash is an example of 

  1. Recessive epistasis

  2. Dominant epistasis

  3. Complimentary genes

  4. Inhibitory genes


Correct Option: A

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

  1. pistil

  2. receptacle

  3. petal

  4. stamen


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
An Apple is called a false fruit as it is developed from the thalamus, not from the ovary. Thus apple flesh is not derived from the ovary instead it is derived from the receptacle.
So, the correct answer is receptacle.


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