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Heat - measurement - class-IX

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The range of a clinical thermometer is

  1. 0-100$^0$C

  2. 32-214$^0$F

  3. 0-1273$^0$C

  4. 35-42$^0$C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A clinical thermometer is used to measure the body temperature which normally remains between $35^{\circ}$C and $42^{\circ}$C.


People boil water as safe measure to drink because:

  1. Boiled water is tasty

  2. Boiled water is more powerful

  3. Heating water is fashionable

  4. Excessive heat kills the microorganisms present in the water


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

People boil water as safe measure to drink because excessive heating kills the microorganisms present in the water and becomes safe to drink it.

At low temperatures ________  type of thermometer is used.

  1. mercury thermometer

  2. water thermometer

  3. alcohol thermometer

  4. thermometers cannot be used


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Alcohol has a low freezing point.

The most commonly used thermometric substance is

  1. water

  2. alcohol

  3. mercury

  4. steam


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mercury is the only one in liquid state at room temperature. It's used in thermometers because it has high coefficient of expansion. Hence, the slightest change in temperature is notable when it's used in a thermometer. It also has a high boiling point which makes it very suitable to measure higher temperatures, and it doesn't stick to glass.

State whether given statement is True or False
The upper standard point of a thermometer is 273 K

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The lower fixed point, or ice point, is the temperature of pure melting ice at normal atmospheric pressure. The upper fixed point, or steam point, is the temperature of pure boiling water at normal atmospheric pressure.

A barometer with a brass scale correct at $0^oC$ reads $70\ cm$ of mercury on a day when the air temperature is $40^oC$. the correct reading at $0^oC$ is (Coefficient of real expansion of mercury, is $0.00018/^oC$ and the coefficient of linear expansion of brass is $0.000018/^oC$.

  1. $60.5\ cm$

  2. $69.5\ cm$

  3. $20.5\ cm$

  4. $50.00\ cm$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

If the correct heading of barometer at $0^oC$ is $70\ cm$ then the at $40^oC,$ the reading will show,

$L=70(1+\alpha _1\Delta T)$    $[\alpha$ ,of Brass , $\Delta T=40\ k]$
similarly , mercury expands to $70\ cm$ from initial length $Lo$
$\Rightarrow L=Lo(1+\alpha _2\Delta T)$   ($\alpha _2:$ mercury)
It gives :-
$Lo=\dfrac{70(1+\alpha _2\Delta T)}{(L+\alpha _2\Delta T)}=\dfrac{70(1+1.8\times Lo^{-5}\times 40)}{(1+1.8\times 10^{-4}\times40)}$
$Lo=69.55\ cm$

A Fahrenheit thermometer registers $107^{o}F$ while a faulty Celsius thermometer registers $42^{o}C$. Find the error in the later

  1. $0.37^{o}$

  2. $0.87^{o}$

  3. $0.67^{o}$

  4. $48$


Correct Option: C

The pressure of a gass filled in the bulb of a constant volume gas thermometer at temperatures $0^{o}C$ and $100^{o}C$ are $27.50\ cm$ and $37.50\ cm$ of $Hg$ respectively. At an unknown temperature the pressure is $32.45\ cm$ of $Hg$. Unknown temperature is

  1. $30^{o}C$

  2. $39^{o}C$

  3. $49.5^{o}C$

  4. $29.6^{o}C$


Correct Option: C

The height of the mercures column in a barometer provided with a bross scale corrected at $ 0^0C $ is obserevd to be 74.9 cm at $ 15^0 C $ . find the true height of the coulmn at $ 0^0 C/ \alpha _b=20 \times 10^{-6} /c^0 \gamma _Hg=175 \times 10^{-6}/c^0 . $

  1. 74.72 cm

  2. 79.92 cm

  3. 74.12 cm

  4. 72.64 cm


Correct Option: A

Mercury thermometers can be used to measure temperatures upto:

  1. $100^{o}C$

  2. $212^{o}C$

  3. $360^{o}C$

  4. $500^{o}C$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mercury thermometer is based on the principle of change of volume with rise of temperature and can measure temperatures ranging from $-{30}^{\circ}$C to ${357}^{\circ}$C.

We cannot use mercury thermometer at low temperatures because:

  1. Glass might break down at low temperature.

  2. Heat does not flow from the body whose measurement we are taking with the thermometer.

  3. At low temperatures mercury becomes transparent and it becomes difficult to take the readings.

  4. Mercury freezes at low temperatures.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mercury, which is used as a thermometric liquid, has the following characteristic properties:

1. Mercury has a high boiling point of about $357^{\circ}$C and therefore can be used to measure temperatures as high as $357^{\circ}$C.

2. Mercury has a freezing point of about $-39^{\circ}$C and hence it is suitable in thermometers to record low temperatures (although not very low temperatures).

3. Mercury is opaque and has a shining silvery colour of its own, making it clearly visible in the capillary tube of a thermometer. 


4. Mercury needs very little heat to expand and so it can easily measure the temperature of a body without causing a decrease in the body's temperature.

5. Mercury does not stick to the side of the glass capillary tube of a thermometer. Therefore, it allows accurate temperature measurement.

6. Mercury is a good conductor of heat.

7. Mercury is relatively expensive.

Mercury is commonly used as a thermometric fluid rather than water because

  1. specific heat of mercury is less than water

  2. specific heat of mercury is more than water

  3. mercury has greater visibility than water

  4. density of mercury is more than the water


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Mercury is commonly used as a thermometric fluid rather than water because mercury has greater visibility than water
Mercury has high melting and boiling points making it a liquid over a broad range of temperature.
Since it is a metal, it has a stable coefficient of expansion hence it expands uniformly and noticeably for a slight change of temperature.
Mercury is a non sticky viscous metal and hence it makes a clear meniscus, helpful in readings.
Mercury will not expand when it solidifies hence it doesn’t break the glass tube of the thermometer.

Compared to other liquids, why is mercury preferred as a barometric fluid?

  1. Height of mercury barometer is smaller so it is more convenient to handle

  2. Mercury does not stick to the glass surface of barometric tube

  3. Mercury shines so it is easier to take the observations

  4. Coefficient of expansion of mercury is less than other liquids


Correct Option: A,B

A thermometer is gradated in millimeters . It registers -3 mm when the bulb of themometer is a pure melting ice  and 22 mm when the thermometer is in stem at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. The temperature in $^{ \circ  }C$  when the thermometer registers 13 mm is 

  1. $\frac { 13 }{ 25 } \times 100$

  2. $\dfrac { 16 }{ 25 } \times 100$

  3. $\dfrac { 13 }{ 22 } \times 100$

  4. $\dfrac { 16 }{ 22 } \times 100$


Correct Option: A

A________is used to measure temperature

  1. Thermometer

  2. Barometer

  3. Manometer

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature, and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in industry to monitor processes, in meteorology, in medicine, and in scientific research

Water is better thermometric liquid

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The above statement is false.

Water can't be used as thermometric liquid as:
(i) It sticks to the glass
(ii) It is transparent, and hence difficult to read its level through 
(iii) It is volatile and hence vapors apply pressure on the surface thereby affecting reading
(iv) It is a poor conductor of heat.
(v) its expansion is not uniform.
(vi) It freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C and hence range is not very wide.

State whether given statement is True or False
Thermometer measures the heat energy in a body

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature — how hot or cold something is.Made up of thermo (heat) and meter (measuring device), the meaning of the word thermometer is pretty straightforward. Thermometers measure temperatures in degrees, according to either the Celsius or Fahrenheit system.

Thermometer measures the temperature of body

State whether true or false.
Thermometer is an instrument used for measuring the temperature of a body

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A Thermometer is a device. which measures the temperature of the body it is brought in contact with.
Hence, OPTION : A (true).

Name the device for detecting and measuring small amount of thermal energy.

  1. Pyranometer

  2. Pyrometer

  3. Barrater

  4. Bolometer


Correct Option: D

State whether true or false :
A gas thermometer measures temperature with the variation in pressure or volume of a gas.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A gas thermometer measures temperature by the variation in volume or pressure of a gas.This thermometer functions by Charles's Law. Charles's Law states that when the temperature of a gas increases, so does the volume.

Using Charles's Law, the temperature can be measured by knowing the volume of gas at a certain temperature by using the formula, written below. Translating it to the correct levels of the device that is holding the gas. This works on the same principle as mercury thermometers.

${\displaystyle V\propto T\,},$
or

${\displaystyle {\dfrac {V}{T}}=k} $
T is the temperature.

V is the volume.

The resistance of a platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at the ice point is $5 \Omega$ and at steam point is $5.4 \Omega$. When the thermometer is inserted in a hot bath, the resistance of the platinum wire is $6.2 \Omega$. Find the temperature of the hot bath.

  1. $300^\circ C$

  2. $30^\circ C$

  3. $3000^\circ C$

  4. $300 \ K$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Given,

Resistance of platinum wire at ice point, $R _0=5\,\Omega$

Resistance of platinum wire at hot bath $R _H=6.2\,\Omega$

Temperature at hot bath $T _H=?$

We have,

$R _T=R _0[1+\alpha(T-T _0)]$

$\implies R _{100}=R _0[1+\alpha(T _{100}-T _0)]$

$\implies 5.4=5[1+\alpha(100-0)]$

$\implies \dfrac{5.4}{5}-1=100\alpha$

$\implies \alpha=\dfrac{1}{1250}  \, ^0 C^{-1}$

Also,

$R _H=R _0[1+\alpha (T _H-T _0)]$

That is,

$6.2=5[1+\dfrac{1}{1250}(T _H-0)]$

$\dfrac{6.2}{5}-1=\dfrac{1}{1250}\times T _H$

$\implies T _H=300^0 C$


45 gm of alcohol are needed to completely fill up a weight thermometer at $15^{\circ}C$. Find the weight of alcohol which will overflow when the weight thermometer is heated to $33^{circ}C$.
(Given ${ \gamma  } _{ a }=121\times { 10 }^{ -5 }{ { \circ  } _{ C } }^{ -1 }$

  1. 0.96 gm

  2. 0.9 gm

  3. 1 gm

  4. 2 gm


Correct Option: C

Consider two thermometers $T _1$ and $T _2$ of equal length which can be used to measure temperature over the range $\theta _1$ and $\theta _2$. $T _1$ contains mercury as thermometric liquid while $T _2$ contains bromine. The volumes of the two liquids are the same at the temperature $\theta _1$. The volumetric coefficients of expansion of mercury and bromine are $18\times 10^{-5}K^{-1}$ and $108\times 10^{-5}K^{-1}$, respectively. The increase in length of each liquid is the same for the same increase in temperature. If the diameters of the capillary tubes if the two thermometers are $d _1$ and $d _2$ respectively, then the ratio $d _1:d _2$ would be closest to.

  1. $6.0$

  2. $2.5$

  3. $0.5$

  4. $0.4$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Increase in length of each liquid is same 

$\dfrac{\Delta V _{hg}}{\pi d _1^2}=\dfrac{\Delta V _{br}}{\pi d _2^2}$
$\dfrac{\Delta V _{hg}\Delta\theta}{\pi d _1^2}=\dfrac{\Delta V _{br}\Delta\theta}{\pi d _2^2}$
$\dfrac{d _12}{d _2^2}=\dfrac{\gamma _{hg}}{\gamma _{br}}=\dfrac{1}{6}$
$\dfrac{d _1}{d _2}=0.4$

$\begin{array} { l } { \text { Energy required to dissociate } 4 \mathrm { g } \text { of gaseous } } \ { \text { hydrogen into free gaseous atoms is } 208 \mathrm { Kcal {at}  }  } \ {  25 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { . The bond energy of } \mathrm { H } - \mathrm { H } \text { bond will be : } } \end{array}$ .

  1. $1.04Kcal$

  2. $10.4Kcal$

  3. $104Kcal$

  4. $1040Kcal$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Given heat of atmosphere $40=260\ Kcal$
$2H _{2} \rightarrow 4H$
$\triangle H = 208\ Kcal$
$20 \rightarrow 1\ mole$
$40 \rightarrow 2 \ mole$
$Hene \ 2 H-H$ bonds area brown $bg $
$20\ kcal $ energy so in order to break $1\ H-H$ bound we required $\dfrac{208}{2}= 104\ Kcal$
Hence the bond energy of $H-H$ bound will be $=104\ kcal$

Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. Air escaping from a punctured tyre feels cold

  2. When a gas under high pressure is permitted to expand into a region of low pressure, it gains in temperature

  3. The reading on a thermometer immersed in boiling water varies as the heat increases or decreases above the boiling point

  4. None of the above statements is correct


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Option (A) is correct. 

Reason - The air is contained at high pressure in the tube. When it escapes through a small hole, it suddenly expands. A large amount of heat is absorbed in the process of expansion resulting in considerable fall in its temperature. This is why the escaping air feels cold.

150 g of ice is mixed with 100 g of water at temperature $80^oC$. The latent heat of ice is 80 ca/g and the specific heat of water is $1 cal/g-^oC$. Assuming no heat loss to the environment, the amount of ice which does not melt is

  1. 100 g

  2. 0 g

  3. 150 g

  4. 50 g


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Heat given by water $=100\times 1\times 800=8000 cal$
Heat taken by ice $=8000 cal=m\times 80$
$m=100 gm$
So amount of ice which does not melt $=150-100=50 gm$.

The following three objects (1) a metal tray, (2) a block of wood,and (3) a wooden cap are left in a closed room overnight. Next day the temperature of each is recorded as $T _1, T _2$ and $T _3$ respectively. The likely situation is 

  1. $ T _1 = T _2 = T _3 $

  2. $ T _3 > T _2 > T _1 $

  3. $ T _3 = T _2 > T _1 $

  4. $ T _3 > T _2 = T _1 $


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

All three will be inthermal equilibrium with air of room. so temprature of the three will be same

A new temperature scale uses X as a unit of temperature, where the numerical value of the temperature t$ _x$ in this scale is related to the absolute temperature T by t$ _x$ = 3T + 300. If the specific heat of a material using this unit is 1400 J kg$^{-1}$ X${^-1}$ its specificne in the S.I. system of units is

  1. 4200 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$

  2. 1400 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$

  3. 466.7 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$

  4. impossible to determine from the information provided


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$t _x = 3 T + 300                 Q = ms \Delta 0$
$\Delta t _x = 3 \Delta T$
$\displaystyle S = \frac{Q}{m \Delta \theta}                 S = \frac{Q}{m \Delta \theta}$
Since, unit of 8 is joule in both system
            X                                    T
$m = m _0 kg$                   $m _0 kg$
$Q = Q _0 J$                       $Q _0  J$
$\Delta t _x$                               $\Delta T$
$S _x = \displaystyle \frac{Q _0}{m _0 \Delta t _x} = 1400     S _r = \frac{Q _0}{m _0 \Delta T} = \frac{3 Q}{m _0 \Delta t _x}$
$S _r = 3 \times 1400 = 4200 J-kg^{-1} K^{-1}$

Two glass tumblers have been stuck together (one into the other). They can be seperated by

  1. Placing hot water in the inner tumbler

  2. Placing the tumblers in cold water

  3. Placing the outer tumbler in hot water

  4. Hamming them vigorously


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The correct answer is option(C).

They can be separated by placing cold water in inside tumbler and placing the outer tumbler in hot water. This way it creates a temperature difference and the glass tumblers get separated easily.

Iron glows in red colour when it is heated to very high temperature. The reason for this is :

  1. Heat we supply consumes red colour at high temperature

  2. Mechanical energy is being converted into heat energy

  3. All metals glow in red colour when heated

  4. Heat energy is being converted into light energy


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Iron glows in red colour when it is heated to very high temperature cause heat energy is being converted into light energy.

A container having some gas was kept in a moving train. The temperature of the gas in the container will be

  1. Increases slightly

  2. Remain the same

  3. Decrease

  4.  Infinite


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct answer is option(B).

When we say that the temperature of a gas is the measure of the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, we have to find the velocities of the gas molecules in the centre of mass frame of the gas.
If we chose a different inertial frame then the temperature doesn't increase or decrease. 

Heat causes-

  1. change in temperature

  2. chemical change

  3. biological change

  4. all of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

heat is a type of energy transfer in which energy flows from a warmer substance or object to a colder one. It can be defined as the total amount of transferred energy excluding any macroscopic work that was done and any transfer of part of the object itself. Transfer of energy as heat can occur through direct contact, through a barrier that is impermeable to matter (as in conduction), by radiation between separated bodies, by way of an intermediate fluid (as in convective circulation), or by a combination of these. By contrast to work, heat involves the stochastic (random) motion of particles (such as atoms or molecules) that is equally distributed among all degrees of freedom, while work is confined to one or more specific degrees of freedom such as those of the center of mass.

Heat causes change in temperature,chemical change,biological change.

A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. It's another end

  1. Become cold by the process of conduction

  2. Become cold by the process of convection

  3. Become cold by the process of radiation

  4. Does not become cold


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

 wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. It's another end does not become cold as wood is a bad conductor of heat

Heat of conduction flows in the direction of decreasing: 

  1. Temperature

  2. Pressure

  3. Density

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Heat of conduction flows in the direction of decreasing Temperature
The objects will exchange thermal energy, until thermal equilibrium is reached, i.e. until their temperatures are equal.  We say that heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object.  Heat is energy on the move.  
Units of heat are units of energy.  The SI unit of energy is Joule.  Other often encountered units of energy are 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 4186 J, 1 cal = 4.186 J, 1 Btu = 1054 J.

An iron ball at $40^oC$ is dropped in a mug containing water at $40^o$C.

The heat will

  1. flow from iron ball to water

  2. not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.

  3. flow from water to iron ball.

  4. increase the temperature of both.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Thermal Equilibrium - A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium when there is no temperature difference between system and surroundings.

An iron ball at $40^oC$ is dropped in a mug containing water at $40^oC.$

The heat will not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.

Heat flow can occur due to which of the following situation

  1. Pressure difference

  2. Temperature difference

  3. Density difference

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Heat can be transferred from one place to another by three methods: conduction in solids, convection of fluids (liquids or gases), and radiation through anything that will allow radiation to pass. The method used to transfer heat is usually the one that is the most efficient. If there is a temperature difference in a system, heat will always move from higher to lower temperatures.

So, Heat flow occurs due to Temperature Difference

1 Mg of ice at $0^0$C is mixed with 10 Mg of water at $10^0$C. The final temperature is  

  1. $8^0$C

  2. $6^0$C

  3. $4^0$C

  4. $0^0$C


Correct Option: C

 The value of absolute zero temperature in Fahrenheit scale is 

  1. $ - 273^\circ F$

  2. $ - 32^\circ F$

  3. $ - 460^\circ F$

  4. $ - 132^\circ F$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Absolute temperature in Celsius is $-273.15{{\,}^{o}}C$

$ F=\dfrac{9}{5}C+32 $

$ F=\dfrac{9}{5}\times (-273.15)+32=-459.67{{\,}^{o}}F $

$ F\cong -460{{\,}^{o}}F $

Hence, absolute temperature in Fahrenheit

A piece of lead falls from height of $100m$ on a fixed non-conducting slab which brings it to rest. if the specific heat of lead is $30.6 cal/kg ^ \circ C $ the increase in temperature of the slab immediately after collision is  

  1. ${6.72^ \circ }C$

  2. ${7.62^ \circ }C$

  3. ${5.62^ \circ }C$

  4. ${8.72^ \circ }C$


Correct Option: B

A physicist says "a body contains $10\ joule$ heat" but a physics learner says "this statement is correct only when the body is in liquid state". Mark correct option or options :

  1. physicist statement is correct

  2. physics learner's statement is correct

  3. both statements are correct

  4. both statements are wrong


Correct Option: D

Two identical rods of a mental are welded in series then 20 cal of heat flows through them in  4 minute. If the rods are welded in parallel then same amount of heat will flow in 

  1. 1 minute

  2. 2 minute

  3. 4 minute

  4. 15 minute


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$dq/dt = [(AK)/2x][T2-T1] = 20/4 = 5.$

 $Therefore ( AK/x)(T2-T1) = 10$

When they are one above the other,

$dq/dt = 2Ak/x][T2-T1] =20/t$

Therefore$t = 2\times10  = 20/t$

Therefore$ t = 1 min$

A liter of air at $20^oC$ is heated until both the pressure and the volume are tripled, what is the tempertare then.

  1. $2637^oK$

  2. $927^oK$

  3. $200^oK$

  4. $977^oK$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Applying the formula

$PV=nRT$
$\dfrac { { P } _{ 1 } }{ { V } _{ 1 } } =\dfrac { { P } _{ 2 } }{ { V } _{ 2 } } =\dfrac { { T } _{ 1 } }{ { T } _{ 2 } } $    [$R$ is constant]
Let ${ P } _{ 1 }=P$  and ${ V } _{ 1 }=V$
As given ${ P } _{ 2 }=3P$   ${ V } _{ 2 }=3V$
${ T } _{ 1 }={ 20 }^{ 0 }C=20+2+3=293$
${ T } _{ 2 }=?$
$\dfrac { PV }{ 3P\times 3V } =\dfrac { 293 }{ { T } _{ 2 } } $
$\dfrac { 1 }{ 9 } =\dfrac { 293 }{ { T } _{ 2 } } $
${ T } _{ 2 }=293\times 9=2637$
$\therefore$    New temperature $=2637$.

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