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Addition polymerisation - class-XI

Description: addition polymerisation
Number of Questions: 41
Created by:
Tags: polymers petrochemicals and polymers chemistry materials derivatives of hydrocarbons polymer
Attempted 0/41 Correct 0 Score 0

Determine the degree of association (polymerization) for the reaction in aqueous solution
$6HCHO\rightleftharpoons C _6H _{12}O _6$
If observed (mean) molar mass of HCHO and $C _6H _{12}O _6$ is $150$.

  1. $0.50$

  2. $0.833$

  3. $0.90$

  4. $0.96$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Let us consider the problem.
$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, 6HCHO \,\,\,\,\,\leftrightarrow {C _6}{H _{12}}{O _6}$
At equation $c\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\dfrac{{C\alpha }}{6}$
$\dfrac{{Observed\,moles\,concentration}}{{Initial\,moles\,concentration}} = \dfrac{{{M _\gamma }}}{{{M _0}}}$
$\dfrac{{C\left( {1 - \alpha } \right) + \dfrac{{C\alpha }}{6}}}{C} = \dfrac{{{M _\gamma }}}{{{M _0}}} = \dfrac{{30}}{{150}}$
Hence the answer is $\alpha  = 0.96$

The monomer that undergo radical polymerisation most easily is ?

  1. $CH _2=CH _2$

  2. $C _6H _5CH=CH _2$

  3. $CH _2=C{(Me)} _2$

  4. $CH _3-CH=CH _2$


Correct Option: A

During the vinyl polymerisation, the chain transfer agent is:

  1. $C{Cl} _{4}$

  2. ${C} _{6}{H} _{5}OH$

  3. t-butyl peroxide

  4. diphenylamine


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In the presence of $C{Cl} _{4}$ or any other chain transfer agents, the monomer polymerizes to give lower average molecular mass polymers.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Which one of the following polymer is step-growth polymer

  1. Polythylene

  2. Nylon-$66$

  3. Buna-$S$ rubber

  4. Orlon


Correct Option: A

Which of the following free radicals is the most stable ?

  1. primary

  2. methyl

  3. secondary

  4. tertiary


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Electron poor species are stabilized by neighboring atoms that can donate electron density. The most common way to interpret rich neighbors here is the observation that increasing the number of alkyl groups on the carbon bearing the free radical increases its stability. 


Radical stability increases in the order methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary

Hence, option $D$ is correct.

Which of the following polymer is not an addition polymer?

  1. Teflon

  2. BUNA-N

  3. PAN

  4. Propylene


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

BUNA-N is formed by removal of water molecule so it is condensation polymer.

Which of the following are used as free radical chain initiators ?

  1. Benzoyl peroxide

  2. di-tert-butyl peroxide

  3. Carbon tetrachloride

  4. Benzoquinone


Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

A radical initiator is a species that acts as the reactant of the initiation step of a radical chain reaction but does not participate in any of the propagation steps.
Radical initiators are substances that can produce radical species under mild conditions and promote radical reaction. These substances generally possess weak bonds that have small bond dissociation energy. Radical initiators are utilized in industrial processes such as polymer synthesis. Typical examples are halogen molecules, azo compounds and organic and inorganic peroxides such as Benzoyl peroxide, di- t-Butyl peroxide.

Which of the following polymers can be made by free radical addition polymerisation mechanism?

  1. PE

  2. HDPE

  3. LDPE

  4. Telfon


Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:

The polymers polyethene (PE), low density polyethene(LDPE), high density polyethene(HDPE) and teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) can be made by free radical addition polymerisation (also known as chain growth polymerisation) mechanism.  To obtain free radicals, initiators such as benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide or acetyl peroxide are used.

Polymerisation of buta - $1,:3$ - diene by free radical mechanism gives___________.

  1. trans - $1,: 4$ - Polybutadiene

  2. cis - $1, :4$ - Polybutadiene

  3. Polyvinyl polyethene

  4. Polyallyl polythene


Correct Option: A,B,C

$\begin{bmatrix}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-\end{bmatrix} _n$

Polyvinyl alcohol (as shown above) is a unique polymer having high affinity for water. Which of the following procedures would be most suitable for its preparation?

  1. radical chain polymerisation of $CH _2=CH-CH _2-OH$

  2. radical chain polymerisation of $CH _2=CH-OH$

  3. radical chain polymerisation of $CH _2=CH-CO _2CH _3$, following by base catalysed hydrolysis

  4. radical chain polymerisation of $CH _2=CH-OCOCH _3$, followed by acid catalysed hydrolysis

  5. radical chain polymerisation of $CH _2=CH-OCOCH _3$, followed by base catalysed hydrolysis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$\begin{bmatrix}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-CH _2-\underset{\underset{\textstyle\;OH}{\displaystyle\mid}}{\;\;\;CH}-\end{bmatrix} _n$ 


Polyvinyl alcohol is prepared by radical chain polymerisation of  $CH _2=CH-OCOCH _3$, followed by base catalysed hydrolysis in which acetate group is replaced by hydroxide group. 

Which of the following is not polyamide?

  1. Nylon-6

  2. Nylon-66

  3. Protein

  4. Glyptal


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Glyptal is not a polyamide. It is an alkyd resin obtained from polyhydric alcohols and polybasic organic acids or their anhydrides; used for surface coatings .

Polystyrene is an example of ___.

  1. elastomer

  2. fibre

  3. cation polymerisation polymer

  4. thermosetting polymer


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

ELASTOMER  -  $Elastomers$ are rubber-like solids with elastic properties.
FIBRE  -  Fibre polymers are the thread forming solids with high tensile strength and high modulus.
THERMOSETTING  POLYMER  - These polymers are cross-linked or heavily branched molecules, which on heating undergo extensive cross-linking in moulds and again become infusible.
POLYSTYRENE - $Polystyrene$ is a thermoplastic polymer. It is formed by cation polymerisation. Hence, it is an example of a $cation$ $polymerisation$ $polymer$.

The polymer used for post operative stitches is:

  1. glycolic acid

  2. poly lactic acid

  3. Nylon -$2$ - Nylon - $6$

  4. PHBV


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Polylactic acid is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources
Polylactic acid is used for post operative stitches as it breaks down inside the body within $6$ months to $2$ years.

Nylon-6, 10 is a polymer of :

  1. hexamethylene and adipic acid

  2. hexamethylene and sebacic acid

  3. caprolactam

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A

Which polymer describes tail - to - tail addition? 

  1. $-CH _2-\underset{X}{\underset{|}{CH}}-CH _2-\underset{CH}{\underset{|}{X}}-$

  2. $-\underset{X}{\underset{|}{CH}}-CH _2-CH _2-\underset{X}{\underset{|}{CH}}-$

  3. $-CH _2-\underset{X}{\underset{|}{CH}}-\underset{X}{\underset{|}{CH}}-CH _2-$

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
In tail to tail polymerization, $-X$ is located such that it is separated by $H$ atoms.

i.e, $-\underset { | }{ CH } -{ CH } _{ 2 }-{ CH } _{ 2 }-\underset { | }{ CH } -$
          $X$                                    $X$

$2$-chloro-$1$,$3$-butadiene is also known as : -

  1. Chloroprene

  2. Neoprene

  3. Isoprene

  4. Buna-N


Correct Option: A

Which statement about poly(chloroethene) is correct?

  1. The polymer can be cracked to produce chlorinated alkenes

  2. The polymer has harmless combustion products

  3. The polymer is readily biodegradable when buried

  4. The repeat unit of the polymer has an $M _r$ of $97$.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Polychloroethene is an addition polymer. Chloroethene can polymerise to form poly(chloroethene). Hence they can be cracked to produce chlorinated alkenes.

Lactic acid, $ HC _{3}H _{5} O _{3},$ produced in 1 g sample of muscle tissue was titrated using phenolphthalein as indicator against $OH^{-}$ ions which were obtained by the electrolysis of water. As soon as $ OH^{-} $ ions are produced, they react with lactic acid and at complete neutralization, immediately a pink colour is noticed. If electrolysis was made for 1158 s using 50.0 mA current to reach the end point, what was the percentage of lactic acid in muscle tissue?

  1. 5.4 %

  2. 2.7%

  3. 10.8%

  4. 0.054%


Correct Option: A

The monomer styrene has structural formula _______.

  1. $C _6H _5-CH =CH _2$

  2. $C _6H _5-CH _2 = CH _2$

  3. $C _5H _6 - CH = CH _2$

  4. $C _5H _2-CH _2 = CH _2$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene is an organic compound with molecular formula $C _6H _5CH=CH _2$

Option (A) is correct.

Which of the following polymers can be made by cationic addition polymerisation mechanism ?

  1. PVC

  2. PP

  3. HDPE

  4. LDPE


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

HDPE (high-density polyethene) and LDPE (low-density polyethene) polymerize by Ziegler-Natta Catalytic Polymerization reaction. 


PVC (polyvinyl chloride) polymerizes by radical polymerization. 

PP (polypropene) polymerizes by the cationic polymerization reaction.

Order the following monomers with respect to their expected reactivity toward cationic polymerization and explain your answer.
$\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCH } _{ 3 }$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CH-{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }$.

  1. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

  2. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <{ H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

  3. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

  4. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 } <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$\text{reactivity is proportional to tendecy of donating electron by braking double bonds.}$

$\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

An example of chain-growth polymer is:

  1. Nylon - $6,6$

  2. Bakelite

  3. Terylene

  4. Teflon


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Chain-growth polymerization or chain polymerization is a polymerization technique where unsaturated monomer molecules add onto the active site of a growing polymer chain one at a time. Growth of the polymer occurs only at one (or possibly more) ends. Addition of each monomer unit regenerates the active site.
Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and teflon  are common types of plastics made by chain-growth polymerization.

Hence, option D is correct.

Polymer used in making floor tiles is:

  1. teflon

  2. polypropylene

  3. polyvinylchloride

  4. buta-1, 3-diene


Correct Option: C

The monomer unit of PVC is:

  1. propene

  2. vinyl chloride

  3. vulcanised rubber

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The monomer unit of PVC is vinyl chloride. The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$

The other names of PVC is/are:

  1. polychloroethylene

  2. polyvinylidene chloride

  3. polychlororthene

  4. none of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride. It is polymer of vinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$

The full form of PVC is:

  1. polyvulcanised chloride

  2. pure vulcanised chlorine

  3. polyvinyl chloride

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride. It is polymer of vinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$

Which of the following is added to improve flexibility of PVC?

  1. Rubber

  2. Plasticizers

  3. Ethane

  4. Flexicizers


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

With some additives in PVC, the physical and mechanical properties are improved.

Different additives such as plasticizers, fillers, stabilizer, pigments were mixed. These are added in order to increase the elongation i.e; its flexibility.

Which is used in making various types of pipes?

  1. PVR

  2. PVC

  3. Bakelite

  4. Melamine


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is used in making various types of pipes.
Note: PVC thermoplastic polymer. Its properties are between elastomers and fibers. On heating, it becomes soft and on cooling, become hard. It can be remoulded and recycled.

PVC is an example of which kind of plastic?

  1. Thermoplastic

  2. Thermosetting

  3. It is not a type of plastic

  4. Both $A$ and $B$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is thermoplastic polymer. Its properties are between elastomers and fibers. On heating, it becomes soft and on cooling, become hard. It can be remoulded and recycled.

Which of the following polymer has the tendency of decomposing before melting ?

  1. Polystyrene

  2. PVC

  3. Nylon

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Thermosetting polymers such as Bakelite have the tendency of decomposing before melting. Thermoplastic polymers (such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene ) on heating, becomes soft and on cooling, become hard. They can be remolded and recycled. Their properties are between elastomers and fibers.
There is no thermosetting given in the option, all are thermoplastic.
Hence, the correct option is D.

In additional polymerization, a monomer with double bond will simply :

  1. break

  2. remain same

  3. turn into the single bond

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$\text{Double bonds breaks of one monomer for addition with another monomer.}$

$F _2C = CF _2$ is a monomer of:

  1. teflon

  2. glyptal

  3. nylon-6

  4. buna-S


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$F _2C=CF _2$ is a monomer of polytetrafluoroethylene also called as Teflon.

       $nF _2C=CF _2\longrightarrow -[F _2C-CF _2]- _n$
(Tetrafluoroethylene)    (Teflon Polytetrafluoroethylene)

In additional polymerization, unsaturated monomers contain :

  1. single bond

  2. double bond

  3. both A and B

  4. triple bond


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Many common addition polymer are formed from unsaturated monomers having $C=C$ bond.

In condensation of polymerization, involves monomers which contain functional groups of:

  1. same kind

  2. different kind

  3. all groups

  4. compounds


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Condensation polymers involves monomers which join together losing a small molecules as byproducts such as $H _2O$, methanol, etc.

Condensation polymers are formed from two or more different monomers.

Polymer formation from monomers starts by:

  1. condensation reaction between monomers

  2. coordination reaction between monomers

  3. conversion of monomers to monomer ion by protons

  4. hydrolysis of monomers


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Polymer formation from monomers starts by condensation reaction between monomers by removal of small molecules.

Which of the following polymer type is not classified on the basis of its application and properties?
  1. rubber

  2. plastic

  3. fibers 

  4. synthetic


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Synthetic polymers are classified on the basis of their origin and are known as man-made polymers.

Hence,
option $D$ is correct answer.

Earlier, gramophone records were made from a natural resin, shellac, which comes from insects on trees. Nowadays, records lighter in weight are made from synthetic plastics like:

  1. polyacrylonitrile

  2. PVC (or polyvinyl chloride)

  3. polythene

  4. bakelite


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

They are made from PVC (or polyvinylchloride) because they are hard and non-breakable.

Which of the following polymers can be made by anionic addition polymerisation mechanism ?

  1. PVC

  2. PAN

  3. Telfon

  4. PP


Correct Option: A,B,C
Explanation:

Anionic addition polymerization is a form of chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization that involves the polymerization of vinyl monomers with strong electronegative groups. This polymerization is carried out through a carbanion active species. 


Like all chain-growth polymerizations, it takes place in three steps: chain initiation, chain propagation and chain termination. 

Characteristics: In order for polymerization to occur with vinyl monomers, the substituents on the double bond must be able to stabilize a negative charge. Stabilization occurs through delocalization of the negative charge. The delocalisation of electron density can be done by Electron withdrawing group such as $CN$, $-F$, $-Cl$ etc.
The solvent is determined by the reactivity of both the initiator and carbanion of the propagating chain end.

Hence, polymers that can be made by anionic addition polymerisation mechanism are PVC, PAN and Teflon.

Monomer of $[NH - \overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}} - NH - CH _2] _n$ is :

  1. Methanamine

  2. N-methyl urea

  3. Formaldehyde

  4. Ammonia


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Solution:- (C) Formaldehyde

It is urea formaldehyde polymer and it's monomers are urea and formaldehyde.

The main advantage of 'PVC' pipes for drainage is the feasibility of:

  1. mechanical laying

  2. physical laying

  3. chemical laying

  4. both $B$ and $C$


Correct Option: A

Which of the following alkenes is most reactive towards cationic polymerization?

  1. ${ CH } _{ 2 }$ = ${ CHCH } _{ 3 }$

  2. ${ CH } _{ 2 }$ = $CHCl$

  3. ${ CH } _{ 2 }$ = ${ CHC } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

  4. ${ CH } _{ 2 }$ = ${ CHCOOCH } _{ 3 }$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

In cationic polymerization the most stable cation will show the highest reactivity.

The order of reactivity will be-

$CH _2 = CH-C _6H _5 > CH _2  = CHCH _3 > CH _2 = CHCl >CH _2 = CHCOOCH _3$

Option C is correct.

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