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Constituents of air - class-XI

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Natural fixation of nitrogen takes place through a non-biological process called ___________.

  1. artificial fixation

  2. nitrogen fixation by lightening

  3. industrial fixation

  4. synthetic fixation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In non biological fixation of nitrogen when the plant dies the fixed nitrogen is released making it available to other plants and this helps to fertilize the soil. The great majority of legumes have this association but a few genera do not. In farming practices fields are rotated through various crops like clover and buckwheat which are known as green manure.

The fixation of nitrogen can also be brought artificially.
  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

By the use of Haber process, fixation of nitrogen can be done artifically.

Which of the following breed yield good quality wool?

  1. Nali

  2. Marwari

  3. Patan wadi

  4. Lohi


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  1. The Lohi breed yield 100 % quality wool.
  2. The Lohi is found in southern Punjab in Pakistan. They are known for their good quality wool and meat production. The body of the breed is white and the head is usually tan, black or brown in color.  
Their home tract is Rajasthan, and mainly distributed in the Churu, Ganganagar and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan.

Which of the following fertilizers does not replenish nitrogen in the soil?

  1. CAN

  2. Urea

  3. Superphosphate lime

  4. Ammonium phosphate


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Phosphate rock is too insoluble for direct use, and is commonly treated with sulfuric acid to make a mixture of calcium sulfate and the more soluble calcium hydrogen phosphate, called superphosphate.The use of superphosphate usually supplies adequate calcium. 

Nitrogen fixation means:

  1. manufacture of nitrogen

  2. liquefication of nitrogen

  3. conversion of nitrogen into nitric acid

  4. conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds

  5. mixing of nitrogen with other elements


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen(N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) and useful compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen or molecular dinitrogen (N2) is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds.

So the answer is D.

Balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere is maintained by :

  1. plants

  2. animals

  3. humans

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained in the atmosphere by the oxygen released by plants during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide released by human and animals.

Hence the option D is correct.

Isotope of oxygen is used to detect the reaction mechanism of:

  1. formation of esters

  2. formation of amines

  3. formation of alkanes

  4. formation of alkenes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Isotope of oxygen is used to detect the reaction mechanism of formation of esters. 

What process replenishes the atmosphere with oxygen?

  1. Oxygen Cycle

  2. Water Cycle

  3. Photosynthesis

  4. Both $A$ and $C$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

During the process of photosynthesis, the hydrogen is combined with carbon atoms to produce oxygen which is then released into the atmosphere.


Hence the option C is correct.

Oxygen is not a constituent of:

  1. urea

  2. cloth

  3. graphite

  4. book


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Oxygen is not present in graphite. It is am allotrope of carbon. 

Animals cannot live without :

  1. plants

  2. air

  3. oxygen

  4. only A and B


Correct Option: A,B,C
Explanation:

Plant is necessary for animals for food and shelter,air is important for atmosphere and oxygen is important for breathing.

Plants consumes ____________ and gives _____________.

  1. oxygen, carbon dioxide

  2. carbon dioxide, oxygen

  3. sulphur dioxide, oxygen

  4. oxygen, sulphur dioxide


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Plants consumes carbon dioxide and gives oxygen.

As in the process of photosynthesis plants consumes carbon dioxide and during photosynthesis plants release oxygen.

How is the percentage of oxygen in an atmosphere maintained?

  1. consumption of carbon dioxide by plants

  2. consumption of oxygen by living beings

  3. consumption of oxygen by plants

  4. consumption of carbon dioxide by animals


Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

The percentage of oxygen in an atmosphere is maintained by consumption of carbon dioxide by plants and consumption of oxygen by living beings.


Hence the options A and B are correct.

_________ form of water is present in oceans, lakes, rivers and even underground.

  1. Liquid 

  2. The gaseous

  3. The solid form

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Water can be found in liquid form in oceans, rivers, lakes and rain; in solid form in ice and snow; and as a gas (water vapour) in the atmosphere.

Snow and ice, are present as ________ at the poles of the earth, snow-covered mountains, and glaciers.

  1. liquid form

  2. the solid form

  3. the gaseous form

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Water can be found in liquid form in oceans, rivers, lakes and rain; in solid form in ice and snow; and as a gas (water vapour) in the atmosphere.


Hence, option B is correct.

_______ of the earth's surface is covered with water.

  1. 71%

  2. 72%

  3. 73%

  4. 74%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$71\%$ of the earth's surface is covered with water. Hence, earth is also known as the Blue Planet.

Which of the following is potable water?

  1. A glass of water fit for drinking

  2. Water in a pot

  3. Sea water

  4. Water with bacteria and chemicals


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A glass of water is fit for drinking. Water in a pot may contain impurities like dust, sand, etc. Sea contains huge number of impurities including huge levels of salts and water with bacteria and chemicals and is not preferred for drinking. 

How much of the Earth's surface is covered with water?

  1. About two-third

  2. About one-fourth

  3. About three-fourth

  4. About one-third


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

About three-fourth of the Earth's surface is covered with water, i.e., about $71\%$ of the earth's surface has water in it.  

Water vapour present in the air around us as:

  1. the solid form

  2. the gaseous form

  3. liquid form

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Water can be found in liquid form in oceans, rivers, lakes and rain; in solid form in ice and snow; and as a gas (water vapour) in the atmosphere.

Distilled water is a form of natural water.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Distilled water is not a form of natural water. It is one of the form of purified water.

The water is collected from:

  1. lakes

  2. rivers, ponds

  3. wells

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The water is collected from all of the above natural sources i.e lakes, rivers, ponds, and wells.

The approx. percentage of water in human body is:

  1. 80 %

  2. 65 %

  3. 70 %

  4. 40 %


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The approx. percentage of water human body is $70\%$. The average adult human body is $50-65\%$ water, averaging around $57-60\%$. The percentage of water in infants is much higher, typically around $75-78\%$ water, dropping to $65\%$ by one year of age. Body composition varies according to gender and fitness level because fatty tissue contains less water than lean tissue. 

Water covers over :

  1. 70% of the earth's surface

  2. 60% of the earth's surface

  3. 80% of the earth's surface

  4. 90% of the earth's surface


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Water covers over 70% of the earth's surface.


Hence the correct option is A.

Water occurs in _____ state.

  1. free

  2. combined

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Water occurs in both free and combined state. In free state in the form of lakes, rivers and in the combined state in the form of body fluids.

Human body contains approximately_________of water.

  1. 50%

  2. 60%

  3. 70%

  4. 80%


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Human body contains approximately 70% of water.

The occurrence of water is maximum(in percentage terms) in:

  1. lakes

  2. oceans

  3. rivers

  4. ground


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Water occurs in oceans in maximum amount.

Water occurs in combined state in:

  1. cotton

  2. anhydrous salts

  3. vegetables

  4. rocks


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fruits and vegetables contain large quantities of water in proportion to their weight. When these foods are eaten, the water can be absorbed by the body. These water found in Vegetables in combined state.

Which of the following water is fit for use:

  1. fresh water

  2. ocean water

  3. distilled water

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Most of this water present on earth in different sources is not fit for human consumption. The water that is fit for use is freshwater. 

The surface of the earth has_______of its total area as water.

  1. two-thirds

  2. one-thirds

  3. two-fifths

  4. one-tenths


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

About $71\%$ of earth's surface is covered by water.

Oceans hold about $96.5\%$ of all earth's water.
The surface of the earth has two-thirds of its total area as water.

Which of following statements is true?

  1. The salinity of rivers increases with time

  2. The salinity of rivers decreases with time

  3. The salinity of seas increases with time

  4. The salinity of seas decreases with time


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A falling of rain on earth causes breaking up of rocks and transferring their minerals to the ocean, the ocean becomes saltier and by evaporation, water evaporates leaving salt in the oceans.


So, by this, we can say that salinity of increases with time.

Hence, the correct option is $\text{C}$

Almost all the water on the earth is contained in the:

  1. seas and oceans

  2. rivers, lakes, ice caps

  3. as ground water and in the atmosphere

  4. all of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Almost all the water on the earth is contained in the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice caps, as ground water and in atmosphere as water vapour.

Option (D) is the correct answer.

The main source of water for perennial rivers is in the form of:

  1. lakes

  2. rain water

  3. snow

  4. dams


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Perennial rivers flows continuously throughout the year irrespective of seasons. Mostly they originates from the mountain and water is fed by melting of glaciers. These river get water by rain in rainy season, melting of ice in summer and by snow in winter.

Which of the following elements would give water on burning?

  1. Hydrogen

  2. Oxygen

  3. Carbon

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen (H$ _2$) reacts with oxygen (O$ _2$) to form water (H$ _2$O) and releases energy. If carried out in atmospheric air instead of pure oxygen, as is usually the case, hydrogen combustion may yield small amounts of nitrogen oxides, along with the water vapour.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

By the process of infiltration ground water gets:

  1. cleared

  2. discharged

  3. recharged

  4. coloured


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. By this process ground water gets recharged.

All the plants require nitrogen for:

  1. reproduction

  2. photosynthesis

  3. transpiration

  4. growth


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
All the plants require nitrogen for growth. Nitrogen is found in healthy soils and give plants the energy to grow and produce fruit or vegetables. Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll molecule, which gives plant their green colour and is involved in  creating food for the plant through photosynthesis.
So, the correct answer is 'growth'

Gas used as a refrigerant is:

  1. Nitrogen

  2. Oxygen

  3. Hydrogen

  4. Water gas


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

NITROGEN is used as a refrigerant. Nitrogen is a liquid at temperatures below 196.5 C and is used as a refrigerant for such things as preservation of blood and cooling of large computer systems, as well as some industrial uses. Being a liquid, it is more convenient to use for low temperature cooling than dry ice. Liquid nitrogen is also used in oil wells to build up pressure in order to force crude oil upward.

Nitrogen is used in high-temperature thermometer :
  1. To prevent vaporization of mercury.

  2. To improve conductivity of mercury.

  3. To maintain mercury to remain in its state.

  4. To increase the specific heat capacity of mercury.


Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:
The principle used to measure temperature is that of the apparent thermal expansion of the liquid. An inert gas is used for mercury intended to high temperature. The thermometer is filled with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen above the mercury to reduce its volatilization.

Hence, both options (A) and (C) are correct.

The potato chips manufacturers uses _____ gas to flush the chips bags to prevent the chips getting oxidised.

  1. Oxygen

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Chlorine

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen because the food containing fats and oil become rancid after sometime because of oxidation and give smell having a bad taste. Presence of nitrogen helps food to save from rancidity.

The three elements most usually contained in fertilizers are:

  1. Potassium, phosphorus and carbon

  2. Sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus

  3. Silica, nitrogen and phosphorus

  4. Potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fertilizers are composed of three macronutrients, $NPK$ nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.

Nitrogen ($N$): Leaf growth;
Phosphorus ($P$): Development of roots, flowers, seeds, fruit;
Potassium ($K$): Strong stem growth, movement of water in plants, promotion of flowering and fruiting;

Lime water turns milky when exposed. to air and stirred. This shows that air contains:

  1. carbon dioxide

  2. hydrogen

  3. nitrogen

  4. oxygen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lime water turns milky when exposed to air and stirred as lime water mixes with $CO _{2}$ and forms $CaCO _{3}$ (calcium carbonate) which turns the lime water milky. 

$CaO+CO _{2} \longrightarrow CaCO _{3}$

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