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Stratospheric pollution - class-XII

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In antarctica, ozone depletion is due to the formation of which of the following compounds?

  1. Acrolein

  2. PAN

  3. PCBs

  4. Chlorine nitrate


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ozone layer depletion is caused due to CFC's. So, chlorine nitrate, which is found in the stratosphere causes break down of the ozone layer. Chlorine is highly reactive and it interacts with ozone and hence destroys the ozone layer.

Which of the following is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer in the upper stratosphere of the atmosphere?

  1. Polyhelogens

  2. Ferrocenes

  3. Fullerenes

  4. Freons


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Freons are chlorofluorocarbons and are responsible for depletion of ozone layer. 

In Antarctica ozone depletion is due to the formation of following compound.

  1. Acroline

  2. Chlorine nitrate

  3. Formyldehyde

  4. $SO _3$ and $SO _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The severe depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer known as the ozone hole occurs because of the special atmospheric and chemical conditions that exist there and nowhere else on the globe. The very low winter temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere cause polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. These clouds contain Chlorine nitrate $(ClNO _3)$

Option (B) is correct.

Which layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun?

  1. First layer

  2. Second layer

  3. Ozone layer

  4. Exosphere


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

A considerable part of the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun does not reach the surface due to:

  1. $CO _2$

  2. $N _2$

  3. $O _3$

  4. $O _2$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ozone is formed as a result of the action of U.V. light on oxygen and it forms a layer in upper layers of the atmosphere. 


It protects life on earth from harmful U.V. radiation.

So, the correct option is $A$

What would happen, if all the oxygen present in the environment is converted to ozone?

  1. We will be protected more.

  2. It will become poisonous and kill living forms.

  3. Ozone is not stable, hence it will be toxic.

  4. It will help harmful sun radiations to reach earth and damage many life forms


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ozone is a form of elemental oxygen. In its most stable form, elemental oxygen exists as diatomic molecules (O2). The molecules of ozone contain three oxygen atoms (O3) and are unstable with respect to O2. Ozone is a very reactive gas, and even at low concentrations it is irritating and toxic. It occurs naturally in small amounts in the Earth's upper atmosphere, and in the air of the lower atmosphere after a lightning storm. 

Ozone has been implicated to have an adverse effect on plant growth: "... ozone reduced total chlorophylls, carotenoid and carbohydrate concentration, and increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ethylene production. In treated plants, the ascorbate leaf pool was decreased, while lipid peroxidation and solute leakage were significantly higher than in ozone-free controls. 

Ozone, along with reactive forms of oxygen such as superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite ions, is naturally produced by white blood cells and other biological systems (such as the roots of marigolds) as a means of destroying foreign bodies. 

Thus Option B is correct.

Biological importance of ozone layer is :

  1. ozone layer stops ultraviolet rays

  2. ozone layer reduces green house effect

  3. ozone layer reflects radio waves

  4. ozone layer controls $O _2/H _2$ radio in atmosphere


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen. 

It is too reactive to remain for long in the atmosphere at sea level.
At a height of about 20 kilometres, it is forrmed from the atmospheric oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
This layer protects us from the excessive concentration of U.V radiation.

A considerable part of harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun does not reach the surface of the earth. This is because high above the earth's atmosphere is a layer of_________

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Ozone

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The presence of the layer of ozone prevents the UV rays from reaching the surface of the earth.


The reactions that occur are shown below:
$O _{3}\overset{h\nu}{\rightarrow} O _{2} + [O]$
$2O _{3}\overset{h\nu}{\rightarrow} 3O _{2}$

Option C is correct.

Ozone layer is present in the :

  1. troposphere

  2. stratosphere

  3. ionosphere

  4. ozonosphere


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth.

_____ are cause depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer.

  1. Chlorofluorocarbons

  2. $CO _2$

  3. $SO _2$

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbons are cause depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer.

UV radiation increases the chances of ________ .

  1. skin cancer

  2. lung cancer

  3. both $A$ and $B$

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

UV is radiation increases the chances of skin cancer.

The allotrope of this element is the primary absorber of UV solar radiation in Earth's atmosphere. What element is this?

  1. Carbon

  2. Nitrogen

  3. Oxygen

  4. Neon


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen is the primary absorber of UV solar radiation in earth's atmosphere.

Option $C$ is the correct answer.

Biological importance of ozone layer is:

  1. it stops ultraviolet rays

  2. ozone layer reduces green house effect

  3. ozone layer reflects radio waves

  4. ozone layer controls $O _2/H _2$ ratio in atmosphere


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ozone is $O _3$ present in stratosphere region of the atmosphere, which protects us by absorbing harmful Ultraviolet radiation released by the sun that causes a variety of health problems in humans, plants, and other animals which leads to the damage in ecosystems. Plants do not and grow in heavy ultraviolet radiation.

Hence option $A$ is correct.

Ozone layer of stratosphere requires protection from indiscriminate use of ____________ .

  1. pesticides

  2. atomic explosions

  3. aerosols and high flying jet

  4. balloons


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ozone layer of stratosphere require protection from indiscriminate use of aerosols and high flying jet because they produce gases which react with ozone layer and depletion of ozone occurs.

Which one of the following is mainly responsible for depletion of ozone layer?

  1. Methane

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Water

  4. Chlorofluorocarbon


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbon is responsible for the depletion of ozone layer.

UV radiation from sun causes a reaction that produces _____________ .

  1. carbon oxide

  2. sulphur dioxide

  3. fluorides

  4. ozone


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

UV radiation from the sun on reaction produces ozone.

The proposal to ban supersonic jet planes in
Russia is because
A) They travel with very high speed.
B) It is dangerous to travel in them.
C) Their exhaust gases react with ozone.

  1. A & B

  2. B

  3. C

  4. A, B & C


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The proposal to ban supersonic jet planes in Russia is because of toxic gases which reacts with ozone layer and damage it.

Result of ozone hole is:

  1. green house effect

  2. global warning

  3. acid rain

  4. UV rays reach the earth


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The depletion of ozone layer is due to the increase in emissions of chlorine and bromine-contained  compounds like CFC's, methyl chloroform and methyl bromide.
Emissions of green gases affects ozone by atmospheric interaction.
As a result, U.V. rays reach the earth's atmosphere and causes skin cancer, and damages living and non-living things.

Which of the following statement is wrong?

  1. Ozone is not responsible for green house effect

  2. Ozone can oxidise sulphur dioxide present in the atmosphere to sulphur trioxide

  3. Ozone hole is thinning of ozone layer present in stratosphere

  4. Ozone is produced in upper stratosphere by the action of UV rays on oxygem


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ozone is a greenhouse gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within thermal infrared range. The increase in ozone in the troposphere because of surface pollution gases have increased the warming effect on the earth's surface and contributed to a greenhouse effect.

In the upper layers of atmosphere, ozone is formed ?

  1. By action of electric discharge on oxygen molecules

  2. By action of ultraviolet rays on oxygen molecules

  3. By action of infrared rays on oxygen molecules

  4. Due to sudden drop of pressure


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • In the upper layer of atmosphere, the Ultraviolet rays (UV rays) split the molecule of oxygen $(O _2)$ into its constituent 2 atoms.
  • Each of the atom then combine with another oxygen $(O _2)$ molecule which gives rise to Ozone$(O _3)$.
  • Hence option B is correct answer.

Assertion : Ozone is destroyed by CFCs in the upper stratosphere

Reason : Ozone holes increase the amount of UV radiation reaching the earth.

  1. Assertion and reason are correct , but the reasons is not the explanation for the assertion

  2. Assertion is false, but the reason is correct

  3. Assertion and reason are incorrect, Assertion and reason are both correct

  4. And the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The upper stratosphere consists of ozone $(O _3)$, which protect us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations coming from the sun.
When CFC reacts with ozone it breaks the molecule of ozone resulting in ozone layer depletion.

A considerable part of the harmful $UV$ rays of the sum does not reach the surface of the earth. This is because high above the earth's atmosphere, there is a layer of___________.

  1. $O _3$

  2. $CO _2$

  3. $SO _2$

  4. $NO$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is because of ozone layer.Ozone is a gas in the atmosphere that protects everything living on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun.The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, preventing most of it from reaching the earth's surface. 

The absorption of $UV$ radiation by $O _3$:

  1. protects the inhabitants of our planet from injurious radiation

  2. maintains an equilibrium between the concentrations of $O _2$ and $O _3$

  3. makes both the function A and B above effective

  4. makes no function effective


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

We know that, UV-B radiation is very harmful. 


The UV light will also destroy ozone and break ozone back down into atomic oxygen (O) and diatomic oxygen ($O _2$) Therefore, the ozone layer does a great job filtering UV radiation and this process protects the inhabitants of our planet from injuries radiation and adsorption of UV radiation has maintained the equilibrium between the con. of oxygen and ozone in the atmosphere.


So, A and B are both effective 

C is the correct answer.

Ozone layer is being depleted. This is due to :

  1. NO (Nitrogen oxide) emission from supersonic jets

  2. Chlorofluorocarbon used as aerosols

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for ozone depletion.


Depletion of the ozone layer is likely to aggravate existing health effects caused by exposure to UV radiation, as stratospheric ozone is a particularly effective UV radiation absorber. As the ozone layer becomes thinner, the protective filter provided by the atmosphere is progressively reduced. 

Consequently, human beings and the environment are exposed to higher UV radiation levels, and especially higher UV levels that have the greatest impact on human health, animals, marine organisms and plant life.


Hence, option C is correct.

State True or False.
The main function of ozone is to absorb sun's UV radiations, hence protecting the Earth from its harmful effects.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
True.
The main function of ozone is to absorb Sun's UV radiations, hence protecting the Earth from its harmful effects. The function of the ozone layer is to shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun and to keep the Earth warm.

Which of the following chemicals is responsible for ozone layer destruction?

  1. Chlorofluorocarbons

  2. Halogens

  3. Hydrofluorocarbons

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The chemicals responsible for ozone layer destruction are:

  • Chlorofluorocarbons: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are non-toxic, non-flammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They are used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants.

  • Halogens: Ozone is destroyed by reactions with chlorine, bromine, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen gases. Reactions with these gases typically occur through catalytic processes. Because of catalytic reactions, an individual chlorine atom, on an average, can destroy nearly a thousand ozone molecules, before it is converted into a form harmless to ozone.

  • Hydrofluorocarbons: The HFCs are a class of replacements for CFCs and affect the ozone layer. 

The ozone layer is important because it:

  1. is used by living organisms for respiration.

  2. increases the temperature of the earth.

  3. reduces the amount of ultraviolet rays reaching the earth.

  4. reflects the heat from the earth back into the atmosphere.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The ozone layer is important because it absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, preventing most of it from reaching the earth's surface. Radiation in the UV spectrum has wavelengths just shorter than those of visible light.

So answer is C.

The ozone layer in our atmosphere protects us from the bad effects of:

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. CFC's

  3. The sun's ultraviolet rays

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The ozone layer acts as a filter for the shorter wavelength and highly hazardous ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun, protecting life on Earth from its potentially harmful effects. When the sky is clear, there is an inverse relationship between stratospheric ozone and solar UVR measured at the Earth’s surface. That is,the lower the ozone levels, the higher the solar UVR.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{C}$

Ozone in stratosphere is depleted by_____________.

  1. $C{ F } _{ 2 }{ Cl } _{ 2 }$

  2. ${ C } _{ 7 }{ H } _{ 16 }$

  3. ${ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 6 }{ Cl } _{ 6 }$

  4. ${ C } _{ 6 }{ F } _{ 6 }$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ozone in stratosphere is depleted by chlorofluorocarbon, such as $CF _2Cl _2$.
It is dichlorodifluoromethane also known as freon-12.

Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes the reaction that produces:

  1. $SO _2$

  2. CO

  3. Ozone

  4. Fluorides


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Air pollution is formed through the reaction of solar radiation with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. These compounds, which are called primary pollutants, are often introduced into the atmosphere through automobile emissions and industrial processes. Ultraviolet light can split nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and monatomic oxygen; this monatomic oxygen can then react with oxygen gas to form ozone. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Ozone in stratosphere is depleted by :

  1. $CF _2Cl _2 $

  2. $C _7F _{16}$

  3. $C _6H _6Cl _6$

  4. $C _6F _6$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Ozone is depleted by $CF _2Cl _2$ (dichloro-difluoromethane or freon.)
The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the UV radiations.
Cholorofluorocarbons are mainly responsible for the depletion of this ozone layer.

Which gas is known to shield the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation?

  1. $CO$

  2. $CO _2$

  3. $CFCs$ 

  4. $SO _2$

  5. $O _3$


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Ozone $\displaystyle O _3$ gas is known to shield the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 


Other gases cause air pollution.

Hence the correct option is E.

In the stratosphere, what does screen out a large fraction of the ultraviolet rays of the sun?

  1. $H _2$

  2. $SO _2$

  3. $CO$

  4. $HCl$

  5. $O _3$


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

In the stratosphere, ozone $\displaystyle O _3 $ screen out a large fraction of the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Thus, ozone acts as a protective shield. Thus, due to presence of ozone layer, the harmful ultraviolet rays cannot penetrate earth's atmosphere. Hence, they cannot reach us.

Ozone deplete due to the formation of following compound in antartica?

  1. Acrolein

  2. peroxy acetyl nitrate

  3. $SO _2$ and $SO _3$

  4. Chlorine nitrate


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The ozone depletion was related to halogen (chlorine)-catalyzed chemical reaction which takes place in the spring season in the Antarctic polar region. The chlorine is derived from manmade chlorofluorocarbons and reacts with nitric acid forms chlorine nitrate($ClONO _2$) (CFCs) in the stratosphere.

Hence option D is correct. 

The two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere are:

  1. Water and ozone

  2. Water and oxygen

  3. Ozone and oxygen

  4. Water and carbon-dioxide


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere are a diatomic molecular form that has chemical formula as O$ _2$ or oxygen, the life-giving gas that we breathe in to survive. 
Another  is a triatomic molecular form that has chemical formula as O$ _3$ called ozone gas, it protects us from harmful UV rays.
In water, oxygen is found as a compound with hydrogen molecules. The oxygen in water is dissolved oxygen used by aquatic animals and plants.
carbon dioxide has 2 molecules of oxygen with one molecule of carbon. It is formed by the reaction between carbon molecules and oxygen molecules during fermentation or respiration.
In the case of water and carbon dioxide, the oxygen does not exist independently but in association with other molecules. Whereas in the case of ozone and oxygen, the oxygen exists independently. Hence, the two forms of oxygen are ozone and oxygen.
The correct option is C (Ozone and Oxygen).

In which part of the atmosphere, ozone layer is present ?

  1. Stratosphere

  2. Troposphere

  3. Mesosphere

  4. Thermosphere


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The ozone layer or ozone shield refers to a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone ($O _3$) relative to other parts of the atmosphere, although still very small relative to other gases in the stratosphere. 

Ozone is an important constituent of stratosphere because it:

  1. prevents the formation of smog over large cities

  2. removes poisonous gases of the atmosphere by reacting with them

  3. absorbs ultraviolet radiations which is harmful to human life

  4. destroys bacteria which are harmful to human life


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The stratospheric ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet light (UV) emitted by the sun. If the solar UV light were able to penetrate the stratosphere and troposphere and reach the earth’s surface, it would seriously damage our ecosystem.
And also it causes skin cancer, blindness, and cataracts.
Hence, the correct option is C.

Which of the following is responsible for peeling of ozone umbrella?

  1. PAN

  2. Coal burning

  3. CFCs

  4. ${CO} _{2}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
$ The\quad correct\quad answer\quad is\quad "CFCs".$

$CFCs\quad drift\quad slowly\quad upward\quad to\quad the\quad stratosphere,where\quad they\quad are\quad broken\quad up\quad by\quad ultraviolet\quad radiation,releasing\quad chlorine\quad atoms,which\quad are\quad able\quad to\quad destroy\quad Ozone\quad molecules.The\quad chlorine\quad atom\quad then\quad reacts\quad with\quad anozone(O3)molecule\quad breaking\quad it\quad apart\quad and\quad so\quad destroying\quad the\quad ozone.$\\

$A\quad single\quad CFCs\quad molecule\quad can\quad destroy\quad 100,000\quad ozone\quad molecules.$

Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. Ozone hole is a hole formed in stratosphere from which ozone oozes out

  2. Ozone hole is a hole formed in troposphere from which ozone oozes out

  3. Ozone hole is thinning of ozone layer of stratosphere at some places

  4. Ozone hole means vanishing of ozone layer around the earth completely.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is Ozone hole is thinning of an ozone layer of the stratosphere at some places

The ozone hole is formed mainly from the two types of compounds which are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.
 These are:-
  • NO'S
  • CFC'S(Chlorofluorocarbons)
$N{ O } _{ 2 }+{ O } _{ 3 }\longrightarrow N{ O } _{ 2 }+{ O } _{ 2\\  }$
$C{ F } _{ 2 }C{ l } _{ 2 }\longrightarrow { CF } _{ 2 }Cl\quad +Cl$
$\dot { Cl } +{ O } _{ 3 }\longrightarrow Cl\dot { O } +{ O } _{ 2 }$
$Cl\quad +\dot { O\longrightarrow  } C\dot { l } +{ O } _{ 2 }$
These reactions occur in the stratosphere.
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