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Green chemistry - class-XI

Description: green chemistry
Number of Questions: 41
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Switching from air to pure oxygen eliminates the NO production. This is an application of:

  1. Green chemistry

  2. waste management

  3. Green revolution

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Switching from air to pure oxygen eliminates NO production and also saves fuels by more efficient burning, thus, having less wastage. Hence, this is an application of Green chemistry.

Whenever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that are little or not toxic to human health and environment, is an objective of:

  1. waste management

  2. green chemistry

  3. air pollution

  4. green revolution


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Green chemistry also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering, focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use of generation of hazardous substances.

Current commercial method for producing ibuprofen is a stunning application of Green chemistry because ______ .

  1. ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug and has various applications

  2. the previous method required large amounts of solvents and generated large wastes compared to the current method

  3. it has very important medicinal value

  4. this compound has very less side effects after usage


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The current commercial method for producing ibuprofen is a stunning application of green chemistry. Conventional methods of ibuprofen production requires six steps, hence, used large amounts of solvents and generated large amount of wastes. Current methods of ibuprofen production has just three steps and minimal waste, and is an application of Green chemistry.

To manufacture computer chips, many chemicals, large amounts of water, and energy are required which is harmful to environment. a process is discovered which significantly reduces the quantities of chemicals, energy, and water needed to produce chips. This is an application of:

  1. Green chemistry

  2. waste management

  3. revolution resource recovery

  4. Green revolution


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment. This can involve reducing the waste a process creates, using renewable materials, lessening the energy required to form a product, etc.

A raw material feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting, whenever technically and ecomonically practical, is an objective of:

  1. Green revolution

  2. Green chemistry

  3. waste management

  4. revolution resource recovery


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment. This can involve reducing the waste a process creates, using renewable materials, lessening the energy required to form a product, etc.
The given process is promoting renewable use of raw materials, hence, it is an objective of Green chemistry.

Plastics being developed from eco-friendly renewable sources, plus some modern plastics are biodegradable is one of the achievements of________.

  1. Green revolution

  2. Waste management

  3. Revolution resource recovery

  4. Green chemistry


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment.
Plastics being developed from eco-friendly renewable sources, plus some modern plastics are biodegradable. The combination of innovations reduces our dependence on petroleum products, protects humans and wildlife from undesirable chemicals in old plastics, and reduces waste and impact on the environment.

Which of the following is not an objective of Green chemistry?

  1. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

  2. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

  3. Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All the three are objectives of Green chemistry.
1. Waste Prevention:   
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
2. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries:    
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.
3. Design for Energy Efficiency:    
Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

Biomass is used instead of extensive use of petroleum. This is an application of :

  1. Green revolution

  2. waste management

  3. Green chemistry

  4. revolution resource recovery


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Use of petroleum creates lots of gases which are harmful to the environment. 


In order to decrease human consumption of petroleum, chemists have investigated methods for producing polymers from renewable resources such as biomass. 

NatureWorks polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer of naturally occurring lactic acid (LA), which on consumption creates no waste and hence, is an environment-friendly compound.

It is an application of Green chemistry.

Hence the correct option is C.

_______ is an environment-friendly product and better than halons which are used to extinguish fire.

  1. Ibuprofen

  2. Pyrocool

  3. Carcinogen

  4. Carbon-dioxide


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pyrocool is a product which is environmentally benign foam discovered using concept of Green chemistry. Large-scale fires such as oil tankers and jet airplane can be extinguished in a short time and in a better way than previous use of the halons.

Taking chromium and arsenic, which are toxic, out of pressure-treated wood, and using new less toxic chemicals for bleaching paper, are examples of _________.

  1. Green chemistry

  2. Green revolution

  3. revolution resource recovery

  4. waste management


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment. This can involve reducing the waste a process creates, using renewable materials, lessening the energy required to form a product, etc.
Both the processes in the question involves forming products which are more friendly towards the environment. Hence, they are the applications of Green chemistry.

Plastic used to preserve yogurts is replaced with a polymer called polylactic acid is an example of _______.

  1. green chemistry

  2. waste management

  3. green revolution

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Since usage of petroleum-based plastic is harmful to the environment, a polymer called polylactic acid, made using micro-organisms to convert cornstarch into a resin, is used to preserve yogurt. The resulting polymer is used to replace rigid petroleum-based plastic used in yogurt containers and water bottles and is environment-friendly. It is an application of green chemistry

Which one of the following is not an application of green chemistry?

  1. Replacement of CFCs by ${CO} _{2}$ as lowing agent in the manufacture of polystyrene foam sheets

  2. Reacting methylamine and phsogene to produce metyl isocyanate

  3. Replacement of organotions by sea-nine as anti fouling compound in sea marines

  4. Catalytic dehydrogenation of the diethanol amine withou using cyanide and formaldehyde


Correct Option: A

Shrinkage of concrete depends upon the: 

  1. relative humidity of the atmosphere & passage of time

  2. the moisture in the surrounding

  3. applied stress

  4. raining factor


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 Drying shrinkage is defined as the contracting of a hardened concrete mixture due to the loss of capillary water. This shrinkage causes an increase in tensile stress, which may lead to cracking, internal warping, and external deflection before the concrete is subjected to any kind of loading.

Shrinkage depends upon the relative humidity of the atmosphere & passage of time.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Green chemistry is:

  1. way of thinking and utilising the existing knowledge and principles of chemistry and other sciences

  2. study of plants for making the environment clean

  3. both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.

Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product, including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal

$Statement\ I-$ Algal blooms, caused by phosphates, are beneficial to aquatic ecosystems.
BECAUSE
$Statement\ II-$ Algal blooms are associated with rapidly increasing rates of photosynthesis which lead to dissolve oxygen content in the water leading to much higher than normal levels.

  1. Statement $I$ is true, Statement $II$ is true

  2. Statement $I$ is true, Statement $II$ is false

  3. Statement $I$ is false, Statement $II$ is true

  4. Statement $I$ is false, Statement $II$ is false

  5. Statement $I$ is true, Statement $II$ is true and is correct explanation of the phenomena described in $I$


Correct Option: E

_________ are called the elements of the weather.

  1. The temperature

  2. Humidity

  3. Wind speed

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The elements of weather are:

1. Temperature
2. Humidity
3. Wind speed

The monsoon winds that carry a lot of water to India come from the:

  1. North east

  2. North west

  3. South east

  4. South west


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The winds coming from the southwest blow over the Indian ocean and bring lots of rains.

What does Green Chemistry in terms of environment mean?

  1. Greenhouse effect

  2. Reaction related to depletion of ozone layer

  3. Photosynthetic reactions in plants

  4. Reduction in the use and production of hazardous chemicals


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Green chemistry is also known as environmentally sustainable chemistry. 


Perhaps, the most widely accepted definition of green chemistry is the one offered by chemists Paul Anastas and John Warner, who defined green chemistry as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.

Hence, option D is correct.

The average weather pattern taken over a long time, say _______, is called the climate of the place.

  1. $10\ years$

  2. $20\ years$

  3. $25\ years$

  4. $30\ years$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The average weather pattern taken over a long time of about $25 years$ is known as climate of that place.

All changes in the weather are caused by the:

  1. Earth

  2. Sun

  3. Moon

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The energy that the Earth receives from the Sun is the basic cause of our changing weather. Solar heat warms the huge air masses that comprise large and small weather systems.However, at higher altitudes, the atmosphere reacts strongly to changes in solar activity.

Solvents used to dry clean clothes are usually $C 2Cl _4$ .A substitute has been discovered which is environmental friendly is an application of _________.

  1. Green revolution

  2. Green chemistry

  3. Waste management

  4. Revolution resource recovery


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Solvents used to clean dry clothes are usually chlorinated compounds such as tetrachloroethylene $C _2Cl _4$ which is a human potential carcinogen which have serious environmental consequence. a substitute has been discovered which is environmental friendly is an application of green chemistry.

Which of the following compounds are toxic?

  1. Benzene

  2. Toluene

  3. Carbon tetrachloride

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

toxic substance is a substance that can be poisonous or cause health effects.

Benzene is known to cause cancer, based on evidence from studies in both people and lab animals.Basically it is carcinogenic.
Toluene is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It can cause systemic toxicity by ingestion or inhalation and is slowly absorbed through the skin.
Carbon tetrachloride is one of the most potent hepatotoxins (toxic to the liver), so much so that is widely used in scientific research to evaluate hepatoprotective agents.Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (including vapour) can affect the central nervous system, degenerate the liver and kidneys and prolonged exposure may lead to coma or death.

The short term variation which occurs in the atmosphere is called:

  1. climate

  2. relative humidity

  3. climate chart

  4. weather


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The short term variation in atmosphere is called weather.

________ reduces toxicity, minimizes waste, saves energy, and cuts down on the depletion of natural resources. It allows for advances in chemistry to occur in a much more environmentally benign way.

  1. Green chemistry

  2. Green revolution

  3. Waste management

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment. This can involve reducing the waste a process creates, using renewable materials, lessening the energy required to form a product, etc. 

Faraday has developed a plating process to make high-performance chrome coatings from trivalent chromium instead of highly toxic hexavalent chromium. This is an application of:

  1. Green revolution

  2. Green chemistry

  3. waste management

  4. revolution resource recovery


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Faraday has developed a plating process to make high-performance chrome coatings from trivalent chromium instead of highly toxic hexavalent chromium. It involves the production of alternate product which is more friendly to environment. Hence, this is an application of Green chemistry.

The process of nutrient enrichment is termed as:

  1. Limiting nutrients

  2. Eutrophication

  3. Enrichment

  4. Schistosomiasis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Eutrophication is a very slow process in which river, lake or another shallow water source deteriorate in the marsh and later on dies. Nutritive pollution is one of the important factor of eutrophication due to which aquatic plant and animal life of this water destroed. Or e can say that excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run-off from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant lifeis known as eutrophication.

Green chemistry means such reactions which -

  1. are related to the depletion of ozone layer

  2. study the reactions in plants

  3. produce colour during reactions

  4. reduce the use and production of hazardous

    chemicals


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Green chemistry means chemistry that uses less harmful and hazardous chemicals products that does not cause any harm neither to us nor to the environment.

Which of the following method of separation is done with the help of bullocks?

  1. Threshing

  2. handpicking

  3. winnowing

  4. sieving


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the husks and straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping and before winnowing, which separates the grain from the chaff.

Green chemistry involves ?

  1. production of chemicals of our daily use from green house gases

  2. such chemical processes in which green plants are used

  3. those reaction which are of biological origin

  4. use of non-toxic reagents and solvents to produce environment friendly products.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Green chemistry is a design of products and process that reduces or eliminates the use of harmful hazardous products. It uses the concept of invention and design and invokes to produce products that are environment-friendly.

Soil is a natural medium for growth of land plants. Organic soil contains organic number upto a depth of

  1. Two and a half feet

  2. One foot

  3. Six inches

  4. Ten feet


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Organic soil contain organic number upto a depth of two and half feet, this is also known as human or upper layer of soil.

Which of the following method of separation is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air?

  1. winnowing

  2. handpicking

  3. threshing

  4. sieving


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The method of separation that is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air is winnowing.

Which of the following practices will not come under green chemistry?

  1. If possible, making use of soap made of vegetable oils instead of using synthetic detergents.

  2. Using $H _{2}O _{2}$ for bleaching purpose instead of using chlorine based bleaching agents.

  3. Using bicycle for travelling small distances instead of using petrol/diesel based vehicles.

  4. Using plastic cans for neatly storing substances.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Green chemistry is the different process and methods that helps in minimizing the effects of pollution and eliminating the hazardous substances. It takes care that no products adds to the environmental pollution. So using plastic cans does not come under green chemistry. 

The climate of Kerala is very:

  1. hot

  2. wet

  3. hot and wet

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Kerala, which lies in the tropic region, is mostly subject to the type of humid tropical wet climate experienced by most earth's rain-forest.


Hence, option C is correct.

The climate of Rajasthan is:

  1. cold and dry

  2. cold and wet

  3. hot and dry

  4. hot and wet


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Rajasthan keeps varying throughout the state. In the desert areas, it is usually hot and dry in summer and cold during the winters.  | | --- | | |

The humidity of a place

  1. lies between 10% - 20%

  2. is always more than 20%

  3. is always less than 80%

  4. varies from time to time


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Humidity is amount of water vapour present in air.It varies from place to place due variation in temperature and climate conditions.The ideal humidity for health and comfort is about $40-50$%.

paraffin wax contains alkanes ranging from

  1. ${ C } _{ 3 }$ to ${ C } _{ 9 }$

  2. ${ C } _{ 10 }$ to ${ C } _{ 15 } $

  3. ${ C } _{ 16 }$ to ${ C } _{ 20 }$

  4. ${ C } _{ 21 }$ to ${ C } _{ 30 }$


Correct Option: D

Which of the following gas is used in bleaching of paper?

  1. Hydrogen peroxide

  2. Sulphur dioxide

  3. Methane

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Alkaline hydrogen peroxide is used as a strong bleaching agent due to the oxidation state of $-1$ in the compound.

Chlorofluorocarbons have been in use in refrigerators and air conditioners are proved to be unfriendly to the environment. Substitutes to these compounds which are friendly to the environment are:

  1. $CCl _2$

  2. $C{Cl} _3F$

  3. $CClF _2CClF _2$

  4. $CF _3CH _2F$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The first three compounds are chlorofluoro carbons which are harmful to ozone and unfriendly to the environment. These are used in refrigerators. so a compound called $CF _3CH _2F$ was discovered, which is friendly to the environment and used in refrigerators.

The design, development and implementation of chemical products and process to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and environment is called ________ .

  1. Green Revolution

  2. Green Chemistry

  3. Environmental Chemistry

  4. Waste Management


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The design, development and implementation of chemical products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and environment, is called Green Chemistry.
Waste Management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
Environmental Chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
It should not be confused with Green Chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source.

Which of the following reaction occur when urea is added to soil as a fertilizer?

  1. $NH _{ 2 }CONH _{ 2 }\longrightarrow HNCO+NH _{ 3 }$

  2. $N{ H } _{ 2 }CON{ H } _{ 2 }+{ H } _{ 2 }O\longrightarrow 2N{ H } _{ 3 }+C{ O } _{ 2 }$

  3. $2NH _{ 2 }CONH _{ 2 }\longrightarrow H _{ 2 }NCONHCONH _{ 2 }+NH _{ 3 }$

  4. Both 1 and 2


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Urea is a major fertilizer used worldwide. It provides nitrogen to the soil by decomposing to ammonia and $CO _2$ when acted on by urease, an enzyme in soils. Then, ammonia is taken by the plants.


$N{ H } _{ 2 }CON{ H } _{ 2 }+{ H } _{ 2 }O\longrightarrow 2N{ H } _{ 3 }+C{ O } _{ 2 }$

Hence the correct option is B.

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