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Wind and pressure - class-X

Description: wind and pressure
Number of Questions: 41
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Tags: statics and dynamics of fluid (liquid and gas) chemistry structure of earth air, winds and cyclones temperature and heat physics paths of heat flow properties of natural resources natural disasters: winds, storms and cyclones winds, storms and cyclones
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When a fluid is heated, it expands and becomes

physics winds, storms and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. lighter

  2. heavier

  3. no change

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
As on heating the air expands and occupies more space. When the same thing occupies more space, it becomes lighter. The warm air is, therefore, lighter than the cold.

Iron, hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. When same amount heat is supplied to these three substances, which expands most?

physics winds, storms and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Hydrogen peroxide

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Iron

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Carbon dioxide being a gas expands the most. 

Which of the following will rise the highest?

physics winds, storms and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Air at 10$^o$C

  2. Air at 40$^o$C

  3. Air at 20$^o$C

  4. Air at -5$^o$C

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

As the temperature of air rises, it becomes lighter and moves at a faster rate and thus it rises higher in the atmosphere.

Thus air at $40^oC$ will rise the highest in the atmosphere.

Why do two balloons come closer when we blow in the space between them ?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Greater pressure inside the balloons than the reduced pressure in between them drives the balloons towards one another.

  2. Blowing air in between increases the pressure in between the balloons pulls them closer.

  3. The gravitational force pulls the two balloons closer.

  4. None of the above.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
When we blow between two balloons, they come closer because the pressure between the balloon decreases. The pressure inside the balloon would then push them towards each other.

Which of the following is/are true?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. The wind blows because of differences in air pressure from one location to another

  2. Wind blows from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure

  3. If the high pressure area is very close to the low pressure area, or if the pressure difference is very great, the wind can blow very fast

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Wind flowing is the result of pressure difference in air between the two regions. Winds flows from the region of higher pressure to the region of lower pressure. Greater is the pressure difference, greater is the speed of the wing flowing and vice-versa.
Thus all the statemements are true, so option D is correct.

Which of the following is/are correct?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Warm air rises

  2. Cold air rises

  3. Cold air sink

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:

Warmer air becomes lighter and so it rises whereas cold air sinks.

Which of the following is/are NOT true?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Temperature also makes changes in air pressure

  2. In cold air, the molecules are more closely packed together than in warm air, so cold air is more dense than warm air

  3. Air pressure depends on the density of the air, or how close together its molecules are

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Air pressure is dependent on the temperature of air. More is the temperature, more is the air pressure and vice-versa. In cold air, the temperature is low and so the molecules of air have less kinetic energy. Due to this, the molecules are more closely packed together than in warmer air and so cold air is more dense than warm air. This also suggests that lesser is the temperature of air, more is the density of air and less is the air pressure. Hence, air pressure also depends on the density of the air.
So, all the statements are true.

____ pressure indicates sinking air where clouds cannot form. ____ pressure indicates rising air, which allows clouds to form, bringing rain or snow. Fill in the blank.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. High, high

  2. High, low

  3. Low , low

  4. Low, high

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

High pressure indicates sinking air where clouds cannot form. Low pressure indicates rising air, which allows clouds to form, bringing rain or snow.

When a vehicle travels very fast, a region of ______ is created temporarily just behind it.

chemistry air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure variations in atmospheric pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. High pressure

  2. Low pressure

  3. High density

  4. Cyclone

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
When a vehicle moves very fast, a low pressure is produced temporarily and the wind nearby rushes in to fill its place.

Which of the following principle shows that if you increase air speed its pressure will decrease?

chemistry air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure variations in atmospheric pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Darwin principle

  2. Einstein principle

  3. Bohr principle

  4. Bernoulli's principle

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
According to Bernoulli's principle, Fast moving air equals low air pressure while slow moving air equals high air pressure.
 Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. The same is applicable in case of gases also.

Increase in air speed is associated with ______________ .

chemistry air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure variations in atmospheric pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. increasein air pressure

  2. decrease in air pressure

  3. increase in air temperature

  4. decrease in air temperature

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The increased wind speed is accompanied by a reduced air pressure.

A piece of paper is kept on the table.  You have to lift it from the table by blowing high-speed air over it. In which direction will you blow the air?

chemistry air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure variations in atmospheric pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Sideways

  2. In the upward direction

  3. In the downward direction

  4. In the upward direction below the table

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In order to lift the paper up from the table we need to blow air in sideways.

Two pieces of papers are held parallel. Air is blown with a high speed in between them. Which of the following phenomena will be observed?

chemistry air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure variations in atmospheric pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. The papers will move away from each other.

  2. The papers will move towards each other.

  3. The papers will stay at their position.

  4. The papers will catch fire due to increase in air temperature.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
It seems amazing that the two sheets of paper move closer together, the pressure is reduced where the air is moving quickly. This is called the Bernoulli principle. 

Why is warm air lighter than cold air?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Due to heating, the pressure of air increases and air with higher pressure is lighter than air with lower pressure.

  2. Due to heating, the pressure of air decreases and air with lower pressure is lighter than air with higher pressure.

  3. Due to heating, air expands. When same mass occupies more volume it becomes lighter.

  4. Due to heating, air contracts. When same mass occupies less volume it becomes lighter.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Warm air lighter than cold air because on heating the air expands and occupies more space. When the same thing occupies more space, it becomes lighter.

The air just above the flame of burning candle will ____________.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. Rise up

  2. Moves down

  3. Moves sideways

  4. It will not move in any direction.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The burning candle releases hot air, and we know hot air rises up.

The warm air ___, and the cooler air from the regions in the 030 degrees latitude belt on either side of the ____moves in.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. moves downwards, equator

  2. rises, pole

  3. rises, equator

  4. moves downwards, pole

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The warm air at the latitudes rises up and the cold wind from the polar regions rushes in, to take its place.

Choose the correct options (one or more) 
At the equator, the air is _____ than that at latitudes about 30 degrees.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. warmer

  2. colder

  3. heavier

  4. lighter

Show answer
Correct Option: A,D
Explanation:
As we know regions close to the equator get maximum heat from the Sun. Hence, the air in these regions gets warm and warm air is lighter and rises up.

Choose the correct options (one or more)
At the poles, the air is _____ than that at latitudes about 60 degrees.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. warmer

  2. colder

  3. lighter

  4. Heavier

Show answer
Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:
At the poles, the air is colder than that at latitudes about 60 degrees and cold air is heavier than warm air.

State whether true or false :
"Moisture" refers to the presence of liquid generally water in very trace amounts.

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The correct answer is option(A).

Moisture is the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts.

"Water vapor" refers to :

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. liquid state of water

  2. solid state of water

  3. invisible gaseous state of water

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Water vapour or aqueous vapour is the gaseous phase of water.

The continuous spectrum is obtained when the incandescent substance is?

physics air, winds and cyclones the concept of bernoulli's principle air exerts pressure wind and pressure wind and rain uneven heating of earth

  1. In state of atomic vapour

  2. In solid state

  3. In state of molecular vapour

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An incandescent light bulb produces a continuous spectrum because the source of the light is a metal filament (i.e. solid).

During day time air blows-

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. from the land to the sea

  2. from the sea to the land

  3. from one sea to another

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
During day time air blows $\rightarrow$ from sea to land, because in day time the land is warmer than sea.
Therefore air pressure of land is lower than sea.
As a result air blows from sea to land.

During night time cool breeze blows from_to __

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. land, sea

  2. sea,land

  3. mountain,land

  4. land,mountain

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
During night time cool breeze blows from land to sea.
As we know, water is good absorber of heat, it takes more time to heat up and cool down water than that of land. And during night, land cools down quickly than that of water causing high pressure over land and hot air above water causes low pressure over water. As we know wind blow from higher pressure to lower pressure, so during night cool breeze blows from land to sea.

State whether given statement is True or False
During the night, land cools faster than sea.

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is true that during night; land cools faster than sea.

As we know; water is good absorber of heat, it takes more time to heat up and cool down too. So during night; land cools faster than water.

Which of the following constitutes a wind energy 

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. Sea breeze

  2. Land Breeze

  3. Both A and B

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

See breeze and land breeze together constitute the wind energy.

Which of the following can be described as convection current

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. Sea Breeze and land Breeze

  2. Heat transfer from one end to another in a metal rod

  3. Sun's radiations

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sea breeze and land breeze are described as convection current.

How are monsoon winds formed?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. The air over the land gets heated and rises. This causes the winds to flow from the oceans towards the land, which gives rise to Monsoon winds.

  2. The pressure difference in adjoining areas gives rise to air movement which leads to formation of Monsoon winds

  3. Air that is warmed up near the Equator, moves towards each pole causing the Monsoon winds to blow.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The air over the land gets heated and rises. This causes the winds to flow from the oceans towards the land. These are monsoon wind.

What is the direction of Monsoon winds in Summer ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. From ocean towards the land

  2. From land towards the ocean

  3. From equator towards the poles

  4. From poles towards the equator

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The air over the land gets heated and rises. This causes the winds to flow from the oceans towards the land. These are monsoon winds.

Why do the polar winds not move in exact North-South direction ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. The revolution of the earth affects the direction of the winds.

  2. The rotation of the earth affects the direction of the winds.

  3. The Other air currents in the atmosphere change the direction of the polar winds.

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
 A change in direction of wind is however, caused by the rotation of the earth.

What is the direction of Monsoon winds in winter ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. From oceans to land

  2. From land to oceans

  3. From equator to poles

  4. From poles to equator

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
In winter, the direction of the wind flow gets reversed; it flows from the land to the ocean.

Which of the following is not true about the formation of winds due to uneven heating of land at Equator and Polar regions ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. The winds blow from the $0-30^o$ latitudes, taking place of the warm air at the equator that has risen up, towards the equator and constitute the Polar winds.

  2. The cool air at the poles rushes in to take place of the warmer winds in the $60^o$ belt and constitute the Polar winds.

  3. The winds of the wind is not exactly in the North-South direction because of the rotation of the Earth.

  4. The pressure difference between the equatorial and polar regions leads to the formation of winds in the North-South direction

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Formation of winds at the equator and polar region involves following few steps:
1. The warm air rises, and the cooler air from the regions in the 0–30 degrees latitude belt on either side of the equator moves in.
2.  At the poles, the air is colder than that at latitudes about 60 degrees. 
3.  The warm air at these latitudes rises up and the cold wind from the polar regions rushes in, to take its place
4.  A change in direction is, however, caused by the rotation of the earth.

What is the importance of Monsoon winds ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. They lower the temperature of areas where temperature is usually high.

  2. They bring rain and play important role in water cycle.

  3. They clear up the sky and make atmosphere sunny.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct answer is option(B).

The winds from the oceans carry water and bring rain. It is a part of the water cycle. The monsoon winds carry water and it rain.

Which area on the Earth receives maximum sunlight ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. Polar region

  2. Equatorial region

  3. Along the latitude of Tropic of Cancer

  4. Along the latitude of Tropic of Capricorn

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The Earth's shape is spherical. This causes the Sun's rays to strike the Earth's surface at different angles, creating variances in temperatures on Earth. The equator receives the most direct sunlight because sunlight arrives at a perpendicular (90 degrees) angle to the Earth.

What is the basis for the formation of winds due to heating of different areas on Earth ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. The air in cold temperature regions gets cooled, expands and becomes more dense and rises up. It's place is taken by heavier air from adjacent regions.

  2. The air in cold temperature regions gets cooled up, expands and becomes less dense and rises up. It's place is taken by heavier air from adjacent regions.

  3. The air in high temperature regions gets heated up, expands and becomes less dense and rises up. It's place is taken by heavier air from adjacent regions.

  4. The air in high temperature regions gets heated up, contracts and becomes more dense and rises up. It's place is taken by heavier air from adjacent regions.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In summer, near the equator the land warms up faster and most of the time the temperature of the land is higher than that of water in the oceans. The air over the land gets heated and rises. This causes the winds to flow from the oceans towards the land. And we know air expands on heating and and becomes less dense and therefore rises up.

At poles, how is the direction of Polar winds ?

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. Air from Polar region moves in towards the $60^o$ latitude belt

  2. Air from the $60^o$ latitude belt moves in towards Polar region

  3. Air from Polar region moves in towards the equatorial region

  4. Air from equatorial region moves in towards the Polar region

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
At the poles, the air is colder than that at latitudes about 60 degrees. The warm air at these latitudes rises up and the cold wind from the polar regions rushes in, to take its place.

Arrange the following steps in the proper order to explain how a sea breeze occurs, near coastal regions.
(a) The temperature of land rises rapidly as compared to sea, because the specific heat capacity of land is five times less than that of water.
(b) Due to the low pressure over the land mass, the cool air over the sea starts blowing towards the land.
(c) The sun shines equally on the land mass and sea, giving equal amount of heat energy to both.
(d) The air above the land becomes hot and light, rises up and hence creates the low pressure over the land.

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. a d c b

  2. c d a b

  3. c a b d

  4. c a d b

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Near the coastal regions, when (c) the sun shines equally on the land mass as well as the sea giving an equal amount of heat energy.But (a) the temperature of land rises rapidly as compared to the sea water, as specific heat capacity of water is five times greater than that of land. So, water requires more heat energy to raises its temperature by $1^{\circ}C$. Then (d) the air above the land mass becomes hotter and lighter and hence rises up, which creates a low pressure over the land. (b) Due to the low pressure over the land mass, the cool air over the sea starts blowing towards the land, by this producing sea breeze.

Sea breeze and land breeze

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. are caused by currents set up in air due to conduction

  2. are caused by currents set up in air due to convection

  3. are caused by currents set up in air due to radiation

  4. have no relation to conduction, convection and radiation

Show answer
Correct Option: A

State whether true or false.
The land and sea breezes are based on the fact that the specific heat of vaporisation of steam is very high.

physics air, winds and cyclones wind and rain example of some natural phenomena uneven heating of earth the concept of bernoulli's principle

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The statement is true.
The specific heat capacity of water is much higher than that of sand. Air above land becomes more warmer than water during day. So cold air above water or sea blows to land known as sea breeze and vice versa for land breeze.
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