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Physical properties of group 17 elements - class-XI

Description: physical properties of group 17 elements
Number of Questions: 40
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Tags: p- block elements-ii group 17 p-block elements chemistry the p-block elements
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The comparatively high boiling point of hydrogen fluoride is due to:

  1. high reactivity of fluorine

  2. small size of hydrogen atom

  3. formation of hydrogen bonds

  4. small size of fluorine


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$F$ being highly electronegative has the ability to form hydrogen bonds due to which boiling point of $HF$ is high.

Which of the following has highest melting point?

  1. $SrF _{ 2 }$

  2. $BeF _{ 2 }$

  3. $BaF _{ 2 }$

  4. $MgF _{ 2 }$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The melting point of a compound depends on Vander walls force of attraction which increases as molecular size increases, in given compounds Sr atom has the largest size, so vanderwalls force of attraction will be greater in $SrF _2$ and it will have the highest melting point.

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r} _{2}$ is more reactive than $\mathrm{Cl} _{2}$

  2. $I _{2}$ is more reactive than $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r} _{2}$

  3. $\mathrm{C}1 _{2}$ isinsoluble in water

  4. Iodine is a solid


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Reactivity oder in halogen is:
$F _2>Cl _2>Br _2>I _2$

So option A and are incorrect.
$Cl _2$ is soluble  in water and $I _2$ is a solid (purple crystals) thus option D is correct.

The element which exists in the liquid state is:

  1. bromine

  2. mercury

  3. gallium

  4. all of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Bromine, mercury and gallium exist in liquid state at room temperature

Which of the following is a solid at room temperature?

  1. $\mathrm{Cl} _{2}$

  2. $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r} _{2}$

  3. $I _{2}$

  4. $\mathrm{F} _{2}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Halogens

$F _{2}$ gas $Cl _{2}$ gas 


$Br _{2}$ liquid


  $I _{2}$ solid


Option C is correct.

Change in entropy is negative for:

  1. $Bromine (I) \rightarrow Bromine (g)$

  2. $C(s)+H _2O(g) \rightarrow CO(g)+H _2(g)$

  3. $N _2(g, 10 \ atm) \rightarrow N _2(g, 1 \ atm)$

  4. $Fe(at \ 400 \ K) \rightarrow Fe(at \ 300 \ K)$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When $Br(I)$ goes to to $Br(g)$ then stability of molecules increase. This leads us to negative entropy.

The halogen which is liquid at room temperature is:

  1. Fluorine

  2. Astatine

  3. Bromine

  4. Iodine


Correct Option: C

Which of the following exists as gas?

  1. $Br _{2}$

  2. $I _{2}$

  3. $Cl _{2}$

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Chlorine is gas, bromine is liquid and iodine is solid.

Which of the following properties of the elements chlorine,bromine and iodine increase with increasing atomic number?

  1. Ionization energy.

  2. Ionic radius.

  3. Bond energy of the molecule ${X _2}$.

  4. Enthalpy of vaporization.


Correct Option: B,D
Explanation:

The ionization energies of halogens decrease on moving down the group.

Similarly the bond dissociation energies decrease from chlorine to bromine to iodine.

With increase in the atomic number, the atomic and ionic radii of hydrogen increases from fluorine to iodine.

Also, the melting points and the boiling points increase in the same order.

Hence, the enthalpy of vaporization also increases in the same order.

Which of the following species has the lowest boiling point?

  1. $Cl _2$

  2. $Br _2$

  3. $I _2$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Boiling point increases with increasing atomic size. $Cl _2$, thus, has the lowest boiling point.

The electron affinity values (in kJ $mol^{-1}$) of three halogens X, Y and Z are respectively$ -349, -333 $and $-325$.


 X, Y, and Z respectively are :

  1. $F _2, Cl _2, Br2$

  2. $Cl _2, F _2$ and $Br _2$

  3. $Cl _2, Br _2, F _2$

  4. $Br _2, Cl _2$ and $F _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to the values electron affinity the  three halogens X, Y and Z are $Cl _2$,$F _2$ and $Br _2$

Hence option B is correct

Which of the following possesses the highest bond energy?

  1. $F _2$

  2. $Cl _2$

  3. $Br _2$

  4. $I _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$F _2$ is a smaller molecule than $Cl _2$. This means that the bonded electrons in $F _2$ are closer to the outer shell unbonded electrons. Due to the electron repulsion theory, the bonded electrons repel the outer shell unbonded electrons far more in $F _2$ than they would in $Cl _2$. 


since  $Cl _2$ has more shells so more shielding of the outer electrons. The fact that the bonded electrons in $F _2$ repel the unbonded electrons so much makes the molecule weak, so it is easier to break. 


Hence option B is correect.

Which of the following is incorrect?

  1. Among $Cl, Ar $ and $ K$, $K$ has the smallest ionization potential.

  2. Among $CH _4,\, NH _3,$ and $ HF$,$ HF$ has the highest boiling point.

  3. Among $Cl _2,\, Br _2,\, and\, l _2,\, Br _2$ has the lowest boiling point.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
K is a metal and has 1 valence electron, which can be removed easily to attain nearest noble gas configuration. Hence, it has the lowest Ionization energy. 

Argon is already stable and has 8 electrons in it's outermost shell. Cl needs one more electron as it has 7 valence electrons. It is very difficult to remove an electron form Cl due to high electronegativity.

HF has the highest boiling point compared to methane and ammonia due to the strong hydrogen bonding.

Chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid at room temperature. As the atomic number increases, atomic size increases and due to the increase in surface area, the boiling point increases. Hence, chlorine has lowest boiling point.

Hence, option C is correct.

Select the correct increasing order of $\pi$ bond formation tendency from the following :

  1. $Si\, -\, O\, >\, P\, -\, O\, >\, S\, -\, O\, >\, Cl\, -\, O$

  2. $Si\, -\, O\, <\, P\, -\, O\, <\, S\, -\, O\, <\, Cl\, -\, O$

  3. $Cl\, -\, O\, <\, Si\, -\, O\, <\, P\, -\, O\, <\, S\, -\, O$

  4. $Si\, -\, O\, <\, Cl\, -\, O\, <\, P\, -\, O\, <\, S\, -\, O$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The correct increasing order of the pi bonding tendency is $Si\, -\, O\, <\, P\, -\, O\, <\, S\, -\, O\, <\, Cl\, -\, O$.
This is because, with decrease in the size from Si to Cl, the effectiveness of the sideways overlap increases.

Match the following
Set- I                              Set - II
A) $F _{2}$               1) pale yellow colour gas
B)$Cl _{2}$               2) violet colour solid
C)$Br _{2}$              3) orange liquid
D)$I _{2}$                 4) greenish colour gas
Correct the matching is

  1. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

  2. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

  3. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

  4. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$F _{2}$ - pale yellow colour gas

$Cl _{2}$ - greenish colour gas

$Br _{2}$ - orange liquid

$I _{2}$ - Violet colour solid

A) 1

B) 4

C) 3

D) 2

The colour of iodine is:

  1. violet

  2. green

  3. white

  4. brown


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Iodine has atomic number 53 belonging to group 17. The name is from Greek meaning violet or purple due to the colour of elemental iodine vapour. It is a bluish-black solid with a metallic lustre sublimating into violet-pink gas and colour is due to absorption of visible light by an electronic transition between highest and lowest molecular orbitals.

The only liquid non-metal is:

  1. $Br$

  2. $Fl$

  3. $Cl$

  4. $As$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bromine is a liquid non-metal because the inter-molecular forces in bromine are very strong and hence it does not vaporise to gaseous form and remains in liquid state itself.

Which of the following is not the characteristic of interhalogen compounds?

  1. They are covalent

  2. More reactive than halogens

  3. Have low B.P. and high volatile

  4. Quite unstable but not explosive


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Interhalogen compounds are covalent in nature. More reactive than halogens because of low bond energy due to dissimilar size of atoms in molecule. As the molecule becomes a little polar the boiling point increases due to inter-molecular attraction. They are reactive and unstable because of low bond energy. 

Which of the following non-metal appears as a liquid under standard condition?

  1. $\displaystyle F$

  2. $\displaystyle Cl$

  3. $\displaystyle Br$

  4. $\displaystyle I$

  5. $\displaystyle At$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bromine is the only non metal to exists in liquid state.

It is brown in colour.

Which of the following contain elements in the solid, liquid and gas phases at STP?

  1. Halogens

  2. Alkali metals

  3. Alkaline earth metals

  4. Noble gases

  5. Lanthanides


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid and iodine is solid at STP conditions.

$I$. Under standard conditions the states of the elemental forms of the halogens are: iodine-solid, bromine-liquid, chlorine-gas, fluorine-gas.
$II$. Diatomic halogen molecules exhibit dispersion forces and increase in mass moving down through the family.

  1. Statement $I$ is true, Statement $II$ is true and is a correct explanation of the phenomena described in $I$

  2. Statement $I$ is true, Statement $II$ is false

  3. Statement $I$ is false, Statement $II$ is true

  4. Statement $I$ is false, Statement $II$ is false


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Here, Iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine belongs to the same group. The order of their atomic mass are: 

$I > Br > Cl > F$
These diatomic atoms are having dispersion forces between them. So, their state completely depend upon their atomic mass. 
So, correct answer is option $A$. 

________ exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature.

  1. Alkali metals

  2. Alkaline earth metals

  3. Noble gases

  4. Halogens


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Each halogen has 7 electrons in its outer shell. Atoms are much more stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer shell. The two halogen atoms form a covalent bond with each other to form diatomic molecules in order to complete their octet.

Which of the following is not a green house gas?

  1. $CO _2$

  2. $CH _4$

  3. $O _3$

  4. $N _2X$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorbs and releases radiation This process is the cause of the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. So $N _2X$ is not greenhouse gas.

Hence option $D$ is correct.

Which of the following does not truly represent the property indicated against it?

  1. $ Br _2 < Cl _2 < F _2 $ : Oxidising power

  2. $ Br < Cl < F $ : Electronegativity

  3. $ Br < F < Cl $ : Electron affinity

  4. $ Br _2 < Cl _2 < F _2 $ : Bond energy


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The correct arrangements along with properties are written against them.

$ Br _2 < Cl _2 < F _2 $ : Oxidising power

$ Br < Cl < F $ : Electronegativity

$ Br < F < Cl $ : Electron affinity

$ F _2 < Br _2 < Cl _2 $ : Bond energy

Thus,we see that the order of bond energy is incorrect in the question. The correct order is given above. 

Hence, option D is correct.

The only non-metal, which is a liquid at room temperature is:

  1. $ \mathrm{O} _{2} $

  2. $\mathrm{F} _{2}$

  3. $ \mathrm{N} _{2}$

  4. $\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r} _{2}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

$Br _2$ is the only non-metal which is liquid at room temperature

Which of the following is the only nonmetal that appears as a liquid in its elemental form under standard conditions?

  1. $Cl$

  2. $F$

  3. $Br$

  4. $I$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option $C$ is the correct answer.

Bromine or $Br$ is the only non-metal which is a liquid in its elemental form under standard conditions.
Fluorine and chlorine are gases. Whereas, iodine is solid under standard conditions.

Least melting point is shown by the compound-

  1. $PbCl _2$

  2. $SnCl _4$

  3. $NaCl$

  4. $AlCl _3$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

We know that greater the molecular size is; greater will be van der Waal force of attraction between then and higher will be its melting point.

Among given species since in $AlCl _3$; Al has the least size so the van der Waal force of attraction will be least and the melting point of it is lowest. But because of a molecular crystalline structure of $SnCl _4$, it has least melting point among given species.

Select the correct order of polymerization tendency from the following :

  1. $Si\, -\, O\, >\, P\, -\, O\, >\, S\, -\, O\, >\, Cl\, -\, O$

  2. $P\, -\, O\, >\, S\, -\, O\, >\, Cl\, -\, O\, >\, Si\, -\, O$

  3. $Cl\, -\, O\, >\, S\, -\, O\, >\, P\, -\, O\, >\, Si\, -\, O$

  4. $Si\, -\, O\, <\, P\, -\, O\, <\, S\, -\, O\, <\, Cl\, -\, O$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Th tendency to form pi bond increases in the order
$SiO<PO<SO<ClO$
Since the size of Cl tom is smaller compared to Si, P and S, in case of Cl, less internuclear distance results in more effective sideways overlapping.
With increase in the tendency to form  the pi bond, the tendency for polymerization decreases.
Hence, the decreasing order for the tendency for polymerization is $SiO>PO>SO>ClO$.

Consider occurance of the halogen family in the periodic table and choose true statements.
Statement I. Fluorine is the most active nonmetallic element in the periodic table.
Statement II. As you move down the family the state of the halogens is from a solid to a gaseous state.
Statement III. By filling the outermost orbital, the halogen elements can be converted to ions.

  1. I and III

  2. II only

  3. I and II

  4. I only

  5. II and III


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Only statement I is the true statement. 
Statement I. Fluorine is the most active nonmetallic element in the periodic table.
Statement II. As you move down the family the state of the halogens is from a gas to a solid state.
Thus, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid.
Statement III. By filling the outermost p orbital the halogen elements can be converted to ions.

Treatment of the dry solid _____ with a mild oxidizing agent produces a purple solid.

  1. $N _{2}$

  2. $KI$

  3. $CCl _{4}$

  4. $AgNO _{3}$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An oxidising agent would displace iodine from potassium iodide. When iodine gets removed, free iodine appears purple in colour.

Statement I : The physical state of halogen molecules may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Statement 2 : The halogen molecules are considered as nonpolar and by increasing mass the dispersion forces between them increases.

  1. true, true, correct explanation

  2. true, true, not correct explanation

  3. true, false

  4. false, true


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Statement I : The physical state of halogen molecules may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Statement 2 : The halogen molecules are considered as nonpolar and by increasing mass the dispersion forces between them increases. With increase in the dispersion forces, the state changes from gas (fluorine and chlorine) to liquid (bromine) to solid (iodine).

The colour of chlorine gas is:

  1. red

  2. purple

  3. orange

  4. green

  5. blue


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas. As we go down the group, the colour of halogens gets darker. Fluorine is pale-yellow in colour, chlorine is greenish-yellow. Bromine is red-brown and iodine is purple.

The halogen with the smallest covalent radius is:

  1. $I$

  2. $Cl$

  3. $Br$

  4. $F$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The halogen with the smallest covalent radius is fluorine.
The halogen with the largest covalent radius is iodine.
The correct order of covalent radii among halogen is fluorine < chlorine <  bromine < iodine.

The bond energies of $F _{2}, Cl _{2}, Br _{2}$, and $I _{2}$ are 155 kJ $mol^{-1}, \ $244 kJ $mol^{-1}$, 193 kJ $mol^{-1}$ and 151 kJ $mol^{-1}$ respectively. The weakest bond will be in:

  1. $Br _{2}$

  2. $Cl _{2}$

  3. $F _{2}$

  4. $I _{2}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Since the bond energy of $I _2$ is least, it's bond will be weakest.

Which of the following family exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature?

  1. Alkali metals

  2. Alkaline earth metals

  3. Noble gases

  4. Halogens

  5. Transition metals


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Halogens exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature. The valence shell electronic configuration of halogens is  $\displaystyle ns^2 np^5$.  Two halogen atoms share one electron each to form diatomic molecule in which each halogen atom has completed its octet.

The compound IF$ 7$ is named as ________.

  1. iodine heptafluorine

  2. iodine septafluoride

  3. iodine fluoride

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$IF _7$ is named as Iodine (VII) Flouride. Because the halogen of larger size give electron pair and the halogen of small size which has high electronegativity accepts a lone pair of electrons. So suffix '-ide' is added to halogen of small size.

Statement 1 : Elemental iodine has a higher boiling point than elemental bromine.
Statement 2 : Iodine forms stronger covalent bonds than bromine.

  1. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.

  2. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is not  the correct explanation of Statement 1.

  3. Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct.

  4. Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is  correct.

  5. Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are not correct.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Statement 1: Elemental iodine has a higher boiling point than the elemental bromine because of the higher molecular mass of $I _2$ than the $Br _2$.
Statement 2: Iodine does not form stronger covalent bonds than $Br$ because size of iodine is larger due to which the bond becomes longer in length and longer bond is weaker, hence, forms weaker covalent bond.

Statement 1 : Bromine has a higher boiling point than chlorine.
Statement 2 : Bromine has stronger dispersion forces than chlorine.

  1. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1.

  2. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1.

  3. Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct.

  4. Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct.

  5. Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are not correct.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Statement 1 : Bromine has a higher boiling point than chlorine. This is due to the fact that the Bromine has higher , molar mass than the Chlorine.
Statement 2:
Dispersion forces are present between all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar.
Larger and heavier atoms and molecules $(Br)$ exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller and lighter ones $ (Cl)$
In a larger atom or molecule, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom or molecule. They are less tightly held and can more easily form temporary dipoles.
The ease with which the electron distribution around an atom or molecule can be distorted is called the polarizability.
London dispersion forces tend to be:
1. stronger between molecules that are easily polarized.
2. weaker between molecules that are not easily polarized.

In short "The more electrons a molecule has, the stronger the London dispersion forcesare. For example, bromine, Br2, has more electrons than chlorine, Cl2, sobromine will have stronger London dispersion forces than chlorine, resulting in a higher boiling point for bromine, 59 oC, compared to chlorine, –35 oC."

The solubility of $KCl$ is relatively more in (where D in dielectric constant):

  1. $C _6II _6 (D = 0)$

  2. $(CH _3) _2CO (D = 2)$

  3. $CH _3OH(D= 32)$

  4. $CCl _4 (D = 0)$


Correct Option: C
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