Structure of a plant cell - class-X
Description: structure of a plant cell | |
Number of Questions: 39 | |
Created by: Ratna Goswami | |
Tags: organisation of the organism structure of living organism cell structure and micro-organisms the cell biology structural organization in living organisms |
Pectic material are stained with
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Cotton blue
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Acetocarmine
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Iodine
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Methylene blue
Pectic substances are a group of polysaccharides in plant cell walls and some mucilages, which are endowed with multifunctional properties, such as the control of cell wall integrity and porosity. Methylene blue is used to indicate whether the cells are dead or alive.
The plant cells central vacuole
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Provides the plant cell with support
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Stores nutrients and cellular waste products
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Is a reservoir for water
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All of the above
So, the correct answer is 'all of the above'.
Plant cells need a protective cell wall around their cells because
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they are far more important than the animal cells
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they cannot move and protect themselves from the extreme weather conditions
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they are prokaryotic cells
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None of the above
The Eukaryotic cells, in addition to the nucleus, have many membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies etc. Such membrane-bound organelles are absent in the Prokaryotic cells
Casparian Strips are found on the
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Walls of pericycle cells
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Walls of endodermal cells
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Walls of epidermal cells
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Walls of bundle sheath cells
The barrier between protoplasm and other environment in a plant cell is
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Cell wall
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Nuclear membrane
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Tonoplast
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Plasma membrane
In the plant cell, plasma membrane and cell wall both are present, both act as a barrier between protoplasm and the outer environment.
A plant cell has
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Cell wall
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A number of small vacuoles
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A few large vacuoles
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A single central vacuole
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Both A and D
- A plant cell has a cell wall and single central vacuole.
- Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.
- Their distinctive features include:
- A large central vacuole
- A cell wall composed of cellulose and hemicellulose
- Specialized cell-to-cell communication pathways known as plasmodesmata
When a plant cell is placed in pure water, it?
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Expands until the osmotic pressure reaches that of water
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Becomes less turgid until the osmotic potential reaches that of pure water
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Becomes more turgid until the pressure potential of cell reaches its osmotic potential
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Becomes more turgid until the osmotic potential reaches that of pure water
Draw well labelled diagram of the following
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plant cell
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Animal cell
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prokaryotic cell
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Nerve cell
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striated and smooth muscles
In a plant cell, O.P. is equal to?
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T.P. $-$ D. P.D.
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D. P. D. $-$ T.P.
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T.P. $-$ D.P.
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D. P.D. $+$ T.P.
The inclusion like raphides, druses and sphaeraphides can be mainly found in which of the following cells?
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Prokaryotic
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Protozoan cells
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Hygrophytic plant cells
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Xerophytic plant cells
Plant cells sometimes form mineral crystals. Calcium carbonate occurs as a mass of crystals around a cellulose core to form cystolith (eg, leaf of Banyan). In several plants, calcium oxalate forms needle-like raphides, prismatic crystals, star-shaped sphaeraphides or Druses or powdery mass named as crystal sand.
The percentage of water in a typical plant cell is about
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10%
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20%
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50%
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80%
Plants are made up of water, organic and inorganic substances. Water makes the majority of the volume of the plant cell. Water comprises of 80-90 percent of the plant's total weight. Water is used to support the cell structure, for metabolic functions, to carry the nutrients and for photosynthesis.
The secretory cells of the plants are
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Nectary cells
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Hydathode
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Laticifer cells
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All of the above
Most abundant element in plant body is
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Potassium
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Nitrogen
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Carbon
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Hydrogen
A most abundant compound in living organisms protoplasm is water. Plants contain even more water than animals do- most of them are anywhere from 90 to 95% water. In plants, about 85% of the fresh weight of leaves can be water. Each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom. Hence, hydrogen is the most abundant element in a plant body.
Growth of cell wall during cell elongation takes place by
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Apposition
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Intussusception
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Plant cell is covered by a cellulosic cell wall. The cell wall is dead at maturity but grows when immature to permit cell elongation. Intussusception is growth by deposition of new materials between existing components of cell walls. Cell elongation occurs through intussusception. In apposition, new wall layers are laid. Growth of wall in new cells occurs through apposition.
Cell wall of plant cells is formed of
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Cellulose
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Hemicellulose
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Proteins
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Fats
The cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. It is mostly present in plant cells. It is not present in the animal cell. It supports the contents of the cell and protects from pathogen attack and wear and tear. It is made of cellulose. Cellulose is a natural polymer made of smaller sugar units. It gives remarkable strength to the wood.
Which of the following is the characteristic of plants ________________.
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Glucose and cellulose
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Pyruvic acid and glucose
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Cellulose and starch
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Starch and pyruvic acid
Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.
Which of the following is absent in a plant cell?
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Centrosome
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Lysosomes
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Animal cells do not have
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Plastid
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Chloroplast
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Cell wall
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All of the above
Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.
Which of the following is a property of plants but not animals?
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Shape is irregular
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Plastids are usually absent
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Enclosed by a rigid cell wall
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All of the above
The main difference between an animal cell and a plant cell is that plant cells have a cell wall, which the animal cells lack. The cell wall which is made up of cellulose gives the plant cell rigidity resulting in a fixed, rectangular shape. Animal cells lack the rigidity hence, they tend to have a round and irregular shape. Animal cells tend to vary greatly in appearance. The cell wall allows high pressure to build inside of the plant cell without bursting. Due to this, the plant cell is able to accept large amounts of liquid through osmosis without bursting. Animal cells, which only have a thin membrane restricting access to the cell, tend to burst if they absorb too much extra water.
Which of the following statements is true about the plant cell?
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The cytoplasm is filled up with nucleus
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The cytoplasm is a jelly-like mixture of cellulose
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Plant cells contain a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose
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There are plenty of chloroplast granules in plant root cells
Cellulose forms an integral part of the cell wall which provides strength and rigidity to the cell. It helps to maintain the structural integrity of a particular cell. Cellulose is a complex polysaccharide which is made up of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
In which of the following organisms you observe a cell with three different types of large organelles each bounded by two membranes?
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A plant
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A virus
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A fungus
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A bacterium
The plant cell contains three different types of cell organelles which have two membranes. The chloroplast, mitochondria and the nucleus are the organelles which are surrounded by double membranous structures. The chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis, mitochondria performs respiration and the nucleus controls the activity of the other organelles.
Which of the following statements is true about the plant cell?
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The cytoplasm is filled up with nucleus.
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The cytoplasm is a jelly-like mixture of cellulose.
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Plant cells contain a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose.
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There are plenty of chloroplast granules in plant root cells.
Cellulose forms an integral part of the cell wall which provides strength and rigidity to the cell. It helps to maintain the structural integrity of a particular cell. Cellulose is a complex polysaccharide which is made up of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.
Which of the following is correct in plant cell?
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Bigger vacuole with rigid cell wall.
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Centriole takes part in cell division.
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Centrosome are inactive in non-dividing cell.
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Absence of cell membrane.
Vacuoles are found in almost all the cells. A plant cell usually has a large central sap vacuole. Most mature plant cells have one large vacuole that typically occupies more than 30% of the cell's volume, and that can occupy as much as 80% of the volume for certain cell types and conditions. Another important characteristic of a plant cell is the presence of a cellulosic cell wall. The plant cell wall is dead at maturity and is rigid. Hence, cell wall provides support and maintains the shape of a plant cell.
A plant cell placed in pure water will
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Swell up and become turgid
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Swell up and burst
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Lose water and become flaccid
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Shrink and die
Plant cells have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When they take up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. As a result, the plant cells become “turgid” when they swell up and become turgid.
Plant cells store fat in
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Peroxisome
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Lysosome
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Sphaerosome
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Microsome
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Microphage
- Plant cells store fat in sphaerosome.
- Spherosomes or oleosomes can be defined as small cellular organelles found in plant cells that are enclosed by a single membrane.
- It is mainly responsible for the storage and synthesis of lipid.
- They are obtained from the endoplasmic reticulum and are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer.
- So, the correct answer is 'Sphaerosome'.
A plant (cell) having more than two nuclei is known as
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Syncytial
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Coenocyte
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Polynucleate
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Plasmodium
- A plant cell having more than two nuclei is known as coenocyte.
- Coenocyte refers to a multinucleate condition of the cell (algae, fungi or plant) which occurs due to the multiple nuclear divisions which are not followed by cytokinesis.
- So, the correct answer is 'Coenocyte'.
Centrosome is absent in
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Cells of higher plants
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Cells of lower plants
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Cells of higher animals
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Cells of lower animals.
Match the following and find the correct combination.
(a) | Cellulose | (i) | Cell wall of bacteria |
---|---|---|---|
(b) | Chitinase | (ii) | Cell wall of plant cells |
(c) | Lysozyme | (iii) | Proteins |
(d) | Protease | (iv) | Cell wall of fungal wall |
(v) | RNA |
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a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii
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a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii
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a-v, b-i, c-iii, d-ii
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a-v, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
Consider the following statements.
a. In plant cells, cytokines is starts with the formation of the phragmoplast.
b. Phragmoplast comprises interozonal microtubules and Golgi vesicles.
c. Primary cell wall is produced by microtubules.
Which of the statements are correct?
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$1$ and $3$
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$1$ and $2$
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$2$ and $3$
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$1, 2$ and $3$
In a plant cell, DNA is present _______________.
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Only in chromosomes
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In chromosomes and chloroplasts
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In chromosomes, chloroplasts and mitochondria
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In chromosomes, chloroplasts mitochondria and ribosome's
The plant cells wall in a cross-section appears to be made up of many layers due to the.
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Presence of large amount of cellulose in the wall
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Presence of lignin which prevents the folding cellulose micro fibrils
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Presence of different composition and structure of the lamellae which are added continuously as the wall grows
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Orientation of micro fibrils in the different lamellose of the wall that result in differences in the refraction of light so that layers of the wall are emphasized
Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
When a plant cell is placed in pure water, it will
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Become rigid because of turgor pressure
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Lose water and wilt
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Swell and burst
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Alter its cell wall composition so that it becomes impermeable to water
Pure water is a hypotonic solution that causes endosmosis. The water diffuses into the cell causing the cytoplasm to build up pressure against the wall. This pressure is called turgor pressure that causes rigidity of the cell and the cell does not burst. This turgor pressure is responsible for the enlargement and extension of the cells during growth.
Select the wrong statement with respect to the structure of a plant cell.
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Cellulosic cell wall is present inside the cell membrane
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Centrioles are usually absent
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A large central vacuole is present
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Golgi apparatus is formed of a number of unconnected units called dictyosomes
Cell wall is the outer rigid protective and supportive covering of plant cells, fungi and some protists. Cell membrane is covering of protoplasm which occurs inside the cell wall. In plants the cell wall is made of cellulose.
Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by ________________.
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Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
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Macula densa cells
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Endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
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Liver cells
Angiotensinogen is a αα - globulin protein produced by liver cells. Renin changes angiotensinogen to angiotensin II (hormone) in response to fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume.
With which of the following are basal bodies not associated?
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Plant cells
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Animal cells
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Centrioles
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Microtubules
Basal body is also known as kinetosome. This is a short cylinder like a centriole, consists of nine triplet microtubules; it organizes assembly of the axoneme microtubules.
Animal cells posses centrioles and basal bodies, which are involved in cell division.
Centrioles are cylindrical organelles that help in cell division. Basal bodies are formed from centrioles.
Microtubules are filamentous structures formed from centrioles, which are involved in chromosomal separation during cell division. Nine triplets microtubules together form basal body.
Plant cells do not possess centriole. Hence, it does not possess basal bodies formed from centrioles.
What is the innermost portion of a mature plant cell wall called as?
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Primary cell wall
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Secondary cell wall
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Lamella
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Tonoplast
The middle lamella- It is the first layer formed during cell division. This layer is rich in pectin. It is the outermost layer, joins together adjacent plant cells and holds them together.
Why do plant cells possess large sized vacuole?
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Storage
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Dumping of cellular wastes
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Maintaining turgidity in a cell
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All of the above
Vacuoles are like storage bubbles which are found mostly in plant cells. They occupy most of the portion of plant cells. These are used for storage of food or water. They also store toxic metabolic by-products or end products of plant cells. Such vacuoles are thrown out of the cell by exocytosis. Osmotic pressure and turgidity are maintained by vacuoles due to the presence of cell sap.
The plant cell lacks
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Centriole and aster
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Asters
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Centriole
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Microtubules
Centrosomes are the cellular organelles which are involved in the formation of centrioles. The centrioles are the centres for the formation of the microtubules required for the spindle fibres formation during cell division. The aster is the star-like formation around the centriole. This is the region from where the spindle fibres get distributed in all the sides. The centrioles and aster are present in the animal cells and absent in the plant cells. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
The cellulosic cell wall is essential for plant cell because
(a) It gives shape to the cell.
(b) It gives protection to the cells.
(c) It is able to withstand high temperature, high wind speed and atmospheric moisture.
(d) It is involved in the recognition of substances required for the cells.
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a, b, and d
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a, c and d
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b, c and d
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a, b and c