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Single entry system - class-XII

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Incomplete record mechanism of book keeping is ___________.

  1. Scientific

  2. Unscientific

  3. Unsystematic

  4. Both (b) and (c)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Book keeping is an unsystematic method of recording transactions.It is observed, that many businessmen keep incomplete records because of the following reasons : 

(a) This system can be adopted by people who do not have the proper knowledge of accounting principles; 
(b) It is an inexpensive mode of maintaining records.

Under single entry system, there is no provision to make adjustments, while under double entry system, adjustments are made at the time of preparing final accounts.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Preparation of the profit and loss account cannot be prepared through the information assembled through the single entry system. This means that this system cannot help the organization to determine its financial position because there is no provision to make adjustments.

On the other hand, the double entry system of recording financial transactions of the organization is useful in the preparation of trading profit and loss accounts as adjustments are made at the time of preparing final accounts.

_____________ has defined Single Entry System as, 'A system of book keeping in which as a rule only records of cash and personal accounts are maintained, it is always incomplete double entry varying with the circumstances."

  1. Kohler

  2. Smith and Ashburne

  3. L.C. Copper

  4. Institute of Charted Accountants of India (ICAI)


Correct Option: A

Under double entry system both aspects of transaction are recorded, while Under single entry system, both aspects of transaction are not recorded.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In single entry system, incomplete records are maintained while in double entry system complete recording of transactions is there. In single entry system comparison between two accounting periods is very difficult.

Company accounting conforms more to dual aspect concept than to incomplete recording system because.
I. Companies Act insists upon the adoption of double entry systems of book keeping.
II. Balance sheet could not be prepared under sec. $211$ of Company's Act according to the incomplete recording system
III. To show true and fair view of the affairs of the company
IV. To ensure adequate disclosure.
Select the correct answer from the codes given and mark your answer sheet accordingly.

  1. I and II

  2. II and III

  3. II, III and IV

  4. I, II and III


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The dual aspect concept states that every business transaction requires recordation in two different accounts. This concept is the basis of double entry accounting, which is required by all accounting frameworks in order to produce reliable financial statements.

Which of the following are prepared by the organisations keeping only incomplete accounting records?
I. Cash book
II. Customer's Accounts
III. Expenses Accounts
IV. Day Books
Choose the correct answer using the codes given.

  1. I, II and III

  2. I, II and IV

  3. I, III and IV

  4. II, III and IV


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

single entry book-keeping system or single-entry accounting system is a method of bookkeeping relying on a one sided accounting entry to maintain financial information.

In single entry system following things are prepared:

1. Cash book - to record all cash transaction

2. Customer's book - to record balances of debtors

3. Day Books - in which all day to day transactions or activities are recorded

4. Statement of profit and loss to arrive at profit or loss.

5. Statement of affairs to arrive at closing capital at the year end.

Generally incomplete records are maintained by ____________.

  1. Trader

  2. Company

  3. Society

  4. Government


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

As Profit or loss under single entry system is ascertained by the difference between Closing and Opening Capitals it make convenient for small traders to follow single entry system due to following features:
a) Hassle free
b) no need for maintaining books of accounts
c) special knowledge of double entry system is not required.

Under single entry system "profit" = closing capital - _________________.

  1. Opening capital

  2. Opening assets

  3. Opening liabilities

  4. Drawings


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Suppose Opening Capital (i.e capital on the 1st day of financial year) is Rs. 50,000 and Closing Capital ( i.e capital on the last day of financial year ) is Rs. 70,000. the resulting difference is more by Rs. 20000 indicating a positive increment in capital called Profit.

Single entry system is most popular for ____________.

  1. Sole trader

  2. Government

  3. Company

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Normally Single entry system is maintained by small traders as it do not require special set of book-keeping and expert accounting knowledge. Hence, it becomes hassle free for traders to ascertain their profit of loss earned by the business through single entry system.

An accounting system where debit and credit rule is not followed.

  1. Double entry system

  2. Single entry system

  3. Financial accounting

  4. Book keeping accountancy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A system were Profit or loss earned by the business  is based on the difference between its Opening and closing capital. is called Single entry system
In order to find the  capitals , Statement of affairs are prepared which are based on an equation Capital = Assets - Liabilities
Hence, basic accounting aspects of debit and credit are not followed.

In single entry system only ________________ accounts are opened.

  1. Real

  2. Nominal

  3. Personal

  4. Real and personal


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Under Single entry System only personal accounts and cash A/c are opened

Only personal and cash accounts and the cash and credit transactions (related to personal accounts) are recorded under this system.

In single entry system it is not possible to prepare _____.

  1. Balance sheet

  2. Receipts and payments account

  3. Trial balance

  4. Account sales


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Under single entry system Books of accounts are not maintained hence, Trial Balance is not Possible to Prepare.

A statement of ____________ is to be prepared in order to find out the profit and loss under a single entry system.

  1. Income

  2. Affairs

  3. Revenue

  4. Profit and loss


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Profit or loss earned by the business under single entry system is based on the difference between its Opening and closing capital.
To ascertain this capital Statement of affairs are prepared.

__________system is usually adopted by traders who have less knowledge of Accounting.

  1. Double entry system

  2. Single entry system

  3. Dual aspect system

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Single Entry System of Accounting, also known as Accounting from Incomplete Records, is a non-standard and non-scientific system of accounting. This system is adopted by small businessmen as they do not have enough capital and expertise to employ the standard double entry system of accounting in their business.

In _____ forms of business the owners are directly responsible for the debts of the business.

  1. Sole proprietor

  2. Corporate body

  3. Both

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sole proprietorship is type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and business entity. The owner is in direct control of all elements and is legally accountable for the finances of such business and this may include debt, loans, loss, etc.

Income -tax of the sole trader paid is shown ___________.

  1. Debited to profit and Loss A/c

  2. Debited to Trading A/c

  3. Debited to his Capital A/c

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For a Sole Proprietorincome tax is not an expense incurred to generate revenue hence it is not treated as an expense to be paid out of profits. In this case, income tax is treated as a personal expense resulting in drawings from the business concluding to a reduction of capital.

To ascertain the profit, closing capital is to be adjusted by deducting ________ and adding _________.

  1. Opening capital, Drawings

  2. Opening capital, Cash deposit

  3. Surplus, Opening balance

  4. None of the Above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To ascertain the profit, closing capital is to be adjusted by deducting opening capital and adding drawings.


Below is the example:
Opening Capital               Rs.30000
Drawings                           Rs.5000
Closing Capital                 Rs.50000

Solution:
Closing Capital                Rs.50000
Add: Drawing                  Rs.  5000
                                         ----------------
                                         Rs.55000
Less: Opening Capital    Rs.30000
                                         ---------------
Profit during the year      Rs.25000
                                        -----------------

Kumar and Shanu-entered into a joint venture to purchase and sell new year gifts. They agreed to share the profit and losses equally. Kumar purchased goods worth Rs. 1,00,000 and spent' Rs. 10,000 in sending the goods to Shanu. He also paid Rs. 5,000 for insurance. Shanu spent Rs. 10,000 as selling expenses and sold goods for 2,00,000. Remaining goods Were taken over by him at Rs. 5,000. What will be the amount to be remitted by Shanu to Kumar as final settlement?

  1. Rs. 1,55,000

  2. Rs. 1,50,000

  3. Rs. 1,15,000

  4. Rs. 80,000


Correct Option: A

Profit under single entry system of Book Keeping means ______________.

  1. The difference between opening and closing cash balances and reduced by fresh capital introduced.

  2. The difference between opening net assets and closing net assets as increased by drawings and reduced by new capital introduced.

  3. Profit shown by Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance sheet.

  4. The amount of closing cash balance as reduced by expenses.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

When there is no double entry system of accounting is followed, the profits are calculated on the basis of comparing the opening and closing of capital/assets by giving the effect of drawings.

This can be represented as:

Closing Capital                 xxxxx
Add: Drawings                  xxxxx
Less: Fresh capital            xxxxx 
Less: Opening Capital      xxxxx
Balance will be Profit       xxxxx

If opening capital is $Rs.80,000$, closing capital is $Rs.1,80,000$, withdrawals are $Rs.10,000$ and additional capital brought in the business is Rs. $20,000$, then the profit will be________.

  1. $Rs.90,000$

  2. $Rs.1,10,000$

  3. $Rs.70,000$

  4. $Rs.1,50,000$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

        Closing Capital                         1,80,000

Add: Drawings                                    10,000
Less: Additional Capital                   (20,000)
_________________             __
 Adjusted Capital                              1,70,000 
Less: Opening Capital                      (80,000)
______________             _____
Profit during the year                        90,000

Rs. 19,500 debited to building repairs on 31 st Dec. 1993 inclined Rs. 9,500 as the cost of building a small room for the watch man. A bill of Rs. 800 for colour wash of the whole building during the year was not received till  Dec. 1993. The amount to be debited to profit and loss account would be _____________.

  1. Rs. 20,300

  2. Rs. 19,500

  3. Rs. 10,800

  4. Rs. 9,500


Correct Option: C

A and B enter into a joint venture to sell a consignment of biscuits sharing profits and losses equally. A provides biscuits from stock Rs. 10,000. He pays expenses amounting to Rs. 1,000. B incurs further expenses on carriage Rs. 1,000. He receives cash for sales Rs. 15,000. He also takes over goods to the value of Rs. 2,000. What will be the amount to be remitted by B to A?

  1. Rs. 13,500

  2. Rs. 15,000

  3. Rs. 11,000

  4. Rs. 10,000


Correct Option: A

In statement of profit and loss interest on capital is shown as _________.

  1. Addition

  2. Subtraction

  3. Ignored

  4. Multiplied


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Allowing interest on capital is an indirect expense for the business, an increase in expenses will lower the profit for the year. Hence, Interest on capital is deducted.

Further capital introduced during the year is ____________ from closing capital in order to find out the correct profit.

  1. Added

  2. Deducted

  3. Divided

  4. Ignored


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Additional capital during the year is a result of working capital requirements and closing capital is the composition of profit or loss along with some capital contribution.
Hence, to remove the capital effect additional capital is deducted from closing capital in order to derive the correct profit or loss earned by the company.

Profit can be ascertained from the incomplete records under single entry by using  ________.

  1. Statement of affairs

  2. Conversion method

  3. Either A or B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Statement of Affairs Method: takes the difference of opening and closing capitals for calculation of profit or loss under Single Entry System
The Conversion Method of single entry system: tries to convert the records from single entry to double entry system to find the Profit or loss earned by the business.

The difference between capital at the end of year and capital at the beginning of year is called ____________.

  1. Profit

  2. Income

  3. Drawings

  4. Expenses


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An increment of closing capital is a result of excess revenue earned during the year against the opening capital at the beginning thus representing Profit.

In order to find out the correct profit, drawings are ___________ to the closing capital.

  1. Deducted

  2. Added

  3. Divided

  4. Multiplied


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

As Drawing refers to withdrawal of capital, Due to drawings, closing capital is decreased resulting a reduced Profit.
Hence, to ascertain correct profit Drawings are added back to closing capital.

Find the total at assets at the end of the year if the net profit, drawing during the year and assets at the beginning of the year were 12,000, 7,000 and 15,000 respectively.

  1. 20,000

  2. 10,000

  3. 9,000

  4. 8,000


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Calculation of total assets at the end of the year :- 

 Assets in the beginning of the year =Rs 15000
Less : Drawing made during the year (7000)
Add : Net profit for the year                  12000
                                                            = Rs 20000

Profit = Capital at the end+______- Capital introduced - Capital in the beginning.

  1. Sales

  2. Drawings

  3. Loan

  4. Net Purchases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Profit is calculated by the taking into account the fluctuations of the capital at the beginning and at the end of the year, by adding the drawings, and deducting the capital introduced to the capital at the end of the year.  

Trading and Profit and Loss Account cannot be prepared from books maintained on single entry basis because :

  1. Nominal accounts are not maintained in the ledger.

  2. Real accounts are not maintained in the ledger.

  3. Personal accounts are not maintained in the ledger.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

A statement of affairs is a summarised statement of an estimated _____________.

  1. Financial position

  2. Profit

  3. Income

  4. Loss


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To ascertain the Capital, Statements of affairs are prepared.
Capital = Assets - Liabilities
The above equation under which statement of affairs are prepared reflects the financial position of the business.

The capital at the end of the accounting year is ascertained by preparing _______.

  1. Cash Account

  2. Closing statement of affairs

  3. Total debtors account

  4. Opening statement of affairs


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Statement of Affairs is Based under Accounting Equation " Assets = Capital + Liabilities"
thus to ascertain the Closing Capital at the end of the year  Closing Liabilities are deducted from closing assets.

The difference between assets and liabilities is called as ___________.

  1. Capital

  2. Drawings

  3. Incomes

  4. Expenses


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

As assets represents the total funds applied in the business from capital (owners fund) and liabilities(external funds e.g bank loan, creditors etc).
therefore the difference between Assets and Liabilities will represent Capital.

Find the total assets at the end of the year if net profit, drawing during the year and assets at the of beginning of the year were 12,000, 7000 and 20,000 respectively. 

  1. 25,000

  2. 15,000

  3. 9,000

  4. 8,000


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Calculation of total assets at the end of the year :- 

 Assets in the beginning of the year =Rs 20000
Less : Drawing made during the year (7000)
Add : Net profit for the year                  12000
                                                            = Rs 25000

Balance of interest on calls-on-advance account is transferred to the ___________ at the end of the year.

  1. Share capital account

  2. Calls in advance account

  3. Securities premium account

  4. Profit & loss account


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sometimes a shareholder pays a portion or whole on the unpaid amount on the shares held by him in advance. In such a case, money so received in advance is transferred to Calls-in- advance account. It is important to note that calls-in-advance does not form part of share capital. In-spite of this, according to Section 93 dividend may be paid on calls in advance, if authorized by the Articles.

Disclosure in Balance Sheet:

Calls in advance is shown separately, in the Balance Sheet as liability of the company under the heading ‘Current Liabilities’ until the calls are made and the amount actually becomes payable by the shareholder.

Interest on Calls-in-advance:

Since the amount received as calls-in-advance is a liability of the company, it is liable to pay interest on the calls-in-advance from the date of receipt of the amount till the date when the call becomes due for payment. If the Articles of the Company are silent about the rate of interest on calls-in-advance, then rate of interest is 6% p.a. Such an interest is a charge on profits and has to be paid to the concerned shareholder even if there is no profit.

The accounting treatemt for interest on calls in advance is as follows:

1. For interest due

 Interest on calls in advance A/c     Dr.

                To sundry shareholder's  A/c

2. For interest paid

 Sundry shareholder A/c                  Dr.

                To Bank A/c

3. For transfer of balance of interest to profit and loss A/c

  Profit and Loss A/c                            Dr.

                  To Interest on calls in advance A/c

From the following find out the total drawing during the year.
Total assets at the beginning of the year Rs.20,000, total assets at the end of the year 15,000, net profit during the year Rs.7000. 

  1. Rs. 7000

  2. Rs.12,000

  3. Rs. 8000

  4. Rs.80000


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Calculation of total assets at the end of the year :- 

 Assets in the beginning of the year =Rs 20000
 Add : Net profit for the year                     7000
Less : Assets at the end of the year        (15000)
                                                            = Rs 12000

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