Types of cell - class-VIII
Description: types of cell | |
Number of Questions: 38 | |
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Tags: biology cell and cell organelles cell and cellular organization structural and functional unit of our body - the cell fundamental unit of life: cell organisation of the organism organization of life cell - basic unit of life cell structure the cell the fundamental unit of life |
Which of these statements is/are true?
(i) The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in a eukaryotic cell.
(ii) The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always less than that of a eukaryotic cell.
(iii) Unlike eukaryotes, no special respiratory organelles are found in prokaryotes. Hence they respire at a much less rate than eukaryotes.
(iv) Eukaryotic cells show various membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus while ribosomes are the only membrane-bound organelles found in prokaryotes.
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(i) and (ii)
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(iv) only
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(iii) only
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(i), (ii) and (iv)
The cellular and genomic organisation of prokaryotes are fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotic cells have a small, simple structure compared to eukaryotic cells. They have less surface area per volume. Prokaryotes have simpler and smaller genomes than eukaryotes. In the majority of prokaryotes, the genome consists of a ring of DNA with few associated proteins.
- The eukaryotic genome is larger, organised into chromosomes, and is complexed with histone proteins.
- Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelle for respiration but many enzymes needed for cellular respiration are attached to the plasma membrane, which may fold and extend into the cell. Ribosomes are the only cytoplasmic organelles in prokaryotes and they are not membrane-bound.
Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and many eukaryotes?
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Chromatin material present
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Cell wall present
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Nuclear membrane present
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Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present
Cell wall is found in bacteria (prokaryotes), fungi, algae and plants (eukaryotes). Bacterial cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (murein). Algal cell walls are made up of gylcoproteins and polysaccharides. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin. Plant cell walls consists of a variety of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins etc. Prokaryotes lack nuclear membrane, and membrane bound subcellular organelles. Genetic material is naked and is called nucleoid.
So, the correct
answer is 'Cell wall'.
Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in
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Animal cells
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Prokaryotes
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Plant cells
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Protista and fungi
Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They do not possess many membrane bound organelles as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes etc. Therefore, option B is correct.
Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is in
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Circular ssDNA in prokaryotes
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Histone with prokaryotic DNA
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Operon in eukaryotes
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Membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes
On the basis of the structure of cells, organisms are classified as eukaryote and prokaryote. The main differentiating factor between a eukaryote and prokaryote is that the cell organelles of eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound, while that of others are not.
Hence, the correct answer is D.
The main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is___________
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Eukaryotes have nucleus and prokaryotes have nucleoid.
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Eukaryotes have nucleoid and prokaryotes have nucleus.
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Eukaryotes have cell membrane, prokaryotes do not have cell membrane.
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All of the above.
Intracellular compartments are absent in
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Eukaryotic cell
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Meristem
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Parenchyma cell
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Prokaryotic cell
The organelle found in prokaryotic cell is
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Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
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Plastids
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Mitochondria
Prokaryotic cells do not possess membrane bound organelles. It possesses ribosomes which are not bounded by membrane. Ribosomes are necessary for protein synthesis. Hence, option A is correct.
The main difference between plant and animal cell is
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Animal cells lack cell wall.
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Plant cell has no cell wall.
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Animal cell has a rigid cell wall.
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Plant cells lack cell membrane.
- Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells.
- A plant cell differs from an animal cell in being surrounded by a well-developed cell wall.
The cell organelles are found in
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Bacterial cells
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Cyanobacterial cells
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Prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a 'eu' or advanced nucleus having a well developed nuclear membrane, nucleolus and histone proteins for packaging of chromatin material. Eukaryotic cell also possesses several membrane bound organelles like plastids and mitochondria.
Plant cell differ from animal cell because of
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The presence of cell wall and absence of chlorophyll in plant cell.
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The presence of cell wall and chlorophyll in plant cell.
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The absence of cell wall and presence of chloroplast in animal cell.
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The absence of cell wall and presence of chlorophyll in plant cell.
Presence of a cellulosic cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cell. The cell wall present in a plant cell is dead at maturity. Animal cells lack cellulosic cell wall. Plant cells have chlorophyll present inside cell organelles called plastids. Chlorophyll captures light energy which is used by plants in photosynthesis. Thus, plants are autotrophic. An animal cell lacks chlorophyll. Hence, animals are heterotrophic.
Transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm in a/an
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Prokaryotic cell
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Eukaryotic cell
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Unicellular organism only
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None of the above
Transcription is the process of formation of RNA from DNA. Transcription takes place inside the nucleus, where the DNA of a cell is stored. Since eukaryotes have a defined membrane bound nucleus, therefore transcription always takes place inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
Translation, on the other hand is the process of production of proteins from messenger RNA. Production of proteins require ribosomes and ribosomes are found in cytoplasm. Thus, translation always occurs inside cytoplasm, whether it is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
In prokaryotes, however there is no define membrane bound nucleus. The DNA or the genetic material of prokaryotes lie inside cytoplasm only. Therefore, prokaryotic cells are the only cells where transcription and translation both occurs inside cytoplasm.
Hence, the correct option 'Prokaryotic cell'.
Which of these best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
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Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do
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Prokaryotic cells have flagella, but eukaryotic cells do not
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such nucleus
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Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes but eukaryotic cells do not have ribosomes
The basic difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is the presence and absence of a nuclear membrane. The eukaryotic cells are considered true cells because they possess a nuclear membrane and prokaryotes are considered false cells as they lack it.
So, the correct answer is 'Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bounded nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do have such nucleus'.
Give one key difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell.
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Eukaryotes cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryote cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus.
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Eukaryotes cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryote cell have a membrane-bound nucleus.
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Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes cell have membrane bound nucleus.
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Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes cell do not have membrane bound nucleus.
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes. A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
Prokaryotes can be distinguished from eukaryotes as they lack
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RNA
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Ribosomes
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Gene discontinuity
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Unique DNA sequences
Which of the following statement is incorrect about cell organelles ?
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Endoplasmic reticulum provides membranes to nuclear envelope after telophase
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Golgi apparatus present in both Prokaryotes as well as Eukaryotes
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Lysosomes acts as an intracellular scavenger by removing old or useless organelles in long-lived cells.
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Mitochondria have their own DNA which can replicate independently
- Golgi apparatus is not present in Prokaryotes, because prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound structures such as mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus. while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound structures.
Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Prokaryotic- have no membrane bound organelles, eukaryotic- have no membrane bound organelles
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Prokaryotic- have no membrane bound organelles, eukaryotic- have membrane bound organelles
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Prokaryotic- have nucleoid, eukaryotic- have nucleus
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Both B and C
Prokaryotes do not possess membrane-bound organelles and well-defined nucleus. Nucleoid is a region in a prokaryotic cell, where most of the genetic material resides. It is not a well-defined membrane-bound region.
Eukaryotes possess a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles as mitochondria, Golgi complex, etc. Nucleus is bound with double membrane in eukaryotic cells in which most of the genetic material is present.
Eukaryotic chromosome different from prokaryotic as these are made up of
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RNA
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DNA
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DNA and lipid
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DNA and histone
Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin, a nucleoprotein - DNA coiled around histone proteins while prokaryotic chromosomes are circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell membrane. They are single chromosome plus plasmids
Prokaryotic cells bear smaller nucleus as compared to eukaryotic cells.
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True
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False
Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They do not have well defined membrane bound nucleus. Nuclear material of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single chromosome which is in direct contact with cytoplasm. Here, the undefined nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called as nucleoid, i.e., there is no nuclear membrane.
How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell ?
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Prokaryotic cells- nucleoid, Eukaryotic cells- nucleus
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Prokaryotic cells- 70S type of ribosomes, Eukaryotic cells- 80S type of ribosomes
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Both A and B
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None of these
So, the correct answer is option C.
Bacteria differ from other plants in that, they do not have
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DNA
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RNA
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Cell wall
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A well defined nucleus
Bacteria and plant cells possess DNA, RNA and cell wall. Bacteria being a prokaryote, lacks membrane bounded nucleus. Their genetic material is present in undefined nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called as nucleoid. while plant is a eukaryote, which has organized nucleus with double wall nuclear membrane.
An animal cell, a plant cell and a bacterium share the following structural features.
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Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles
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Cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria
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Cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm
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Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
Animal cell, plant cell and bacterium have plasma membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes as common parts. Cell organelles and nucleus are absent in bacterial cell but present in animal and plant cells.
Choose the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
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Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
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Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
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Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells. They
do not possess many membrane bound organelles as mitochondria, lysosomes etc.
They also do not have well defined membrane bound nucleus. Nuclear
material of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single chromosome which is
in direct contact with cytoplasm. Here, the undefined nuclear region
in the cytoplasm is called as nucleoid, i.e., there is no nuclear membrane.
Eukaryotes possess well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles as mitochondria, Golgi complex, etc. Nucleus is bound with double membrane in eukaryotic cell in which most of the genetic material is present.
The main difference between the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell is that in the prokaryotic cell there is no
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Mitochondria
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Cell wall
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Genetic system
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Distinct nucleus
In the prokaryotic cell, there is no definite nucleus with a nuclear membrane. But the genetic material is distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. Along with some of them may have cell wall and mitochondria.
All animals are eukaryotes and multi-cellular.
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True
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False
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Ambiguous
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Data insufficient
Organisms are divided into five kingdoms by R.H.Whittaker. According to this classification all the prokaryotes and unicellular organisms are grouped under kingdom Monera and some in kingdom Protista.
Most of the animals are motile.
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True
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False
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Ambiguous
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Data insufficient
Animals are multi-cellular and eukaryotic. Most of them are highly developed as compared to plants. They have a specific locomotory organ for moving from one place to another.
The numbers of vacuoles are __________ in animals are compared to plants.
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More
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Less
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Same
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Can't define
Plants don't have excretory system, thus possess larger vacuole to store their waste metabolites. Whereas animals have comparatively smaller vacuoles used for storage's of food materials. Thus the number of vacuoles in animal cell would be larger due to its size as compared to plants.
Bacteria differ from eukaryotes in absence of
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DNA
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Basic proteins
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Histones
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Both B and C
Prokaryotic cells synthesize a set of small, usually basic proteins that bind DNA and are collectively called histone- like proteins because their biochemical properties resemble eukaryotic histones but histones are absent in Bacteria
Cell wall is absent in
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Mycoplasma
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Gametes
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Animal cells
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All the above
Which is correct option amongst the following statements?
(a) Nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, microtubules and pili are absent in prokaryotic cells.
(b) Nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria, microtubules and pili are present in eukaryotic cells
(c) Ribosomes are 70S in prokaryotic cells and mitochondria. They are 80 S in animal cells.
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a and b are wrong, c is correct
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a is correct, b and c are wrong
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a and b are correct, c is wrong
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a and c are correct, b is wrong
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a, b and c are wrong
- Pilus refers to a thin and rigid hair-like appendage that protrudes from the cell surface of bacteria (prokaryotic cell) and is responsible for bacterial conjugation.
- They are absent in eukaryotic cells.
- The ribosomes present in a bacteria and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) are 70S type and those present in a eukaryotic cell (both plants and animals) are 80S type.
- So, the correct answer is 'a and b are wrong, c is correct'.
Plant cell differs from animal cell by
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Presence of vacuoles
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Presence of cell wall and chloroplast
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Absence at cell wall
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Absence of chloroplast.
Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are mostly round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.
Assertion: Initiation step of protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes has several differences.
Reason: They both form mRNA - tRNA complex with smaller subunit of ribosome.
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If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
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If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
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If the assertion is true but the reason is false
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If both the assertion and reason are false
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If the assertion is false but reason is true
The differences between initiation step of protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes are :
In eukaryotic cell,
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A spindle apparatus is produced during nuclear division.
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A spindle apparatus is not formed during division.
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Gametes are not formed
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Ribosomes are of 70S type
Which of the following statements is not true for Nostoc?
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It is prokaryotic
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It is autotrophic
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It is filamentous
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It is macroscopic
Which of the given structures of prokaryotes, resemble in composition to that of eukaryotes?
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Cell wall
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Cell membrane
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Ribosomes
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Both (2) and (3)
The division of the plant kingdom into prokaryota and eukaryota is based on the characters of
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Nucleus only
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Chromosomes only
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Cell organelles only
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All of the above
The primary distinction between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is based on the nucleus. Hence, a cell having a 'pro' or primitive nucleus is called as prokaryotic, where the word 'karyon' means nucleus. Similarly, the cells with the advanced or well-developed nucleus are called as eukaryotic, where the word 'karyon' means nucleus. A prokaryotic cell also lacks membrane-bound cell organelles like chloroplast, mitochondria, Golgi bodies. etc., which are a characteristic of eukaryotic cell.
Lowest number of chromosomes is found in
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Radiolaria
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Amoeba
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Ascaris meglocephala
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None of the above
Ascaris meglocephala (horse round worm ) has chromosome number 2n = 2.
Statement I : All prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not.
Statement II : Prokaryotes have a true nucleus, eukaryotes have a primitive nucleus.
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Both statement I and statement II are true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
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Both statement I and statement II are true but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.
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Statement I is true but statement II is false.
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Both statement I and statement II are false.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ in
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Type of movement and position
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Microtubular organisation and function
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Location and mode of functioning
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Microtubular organisation and type of movement.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella have the same function in the organism. They both are located on the cell membrane. However, they differ in their structure and dynamics. Eukaryotic flagella are microtubule-based structures. They are attached to the cell at the cell membrane by basal bodies. Prokaryotic flagella are located outside of the plasma membrane. Prokaryotic flagella show rotatory movement. Whereas eukaryotic flagella show lashing movement. The movement of prokaryotic flagella is proton-driven whereas the movement of eukaryotic flagella is ATP driven. Eukaryotic flagella show 9 + 2 microtubules arrangement.