Cl and K

K and Fe

Cl and Mg

Ca and Mg

Critical concentration

Toxic concentration

Optimum concentration

Beneficial concentration

M. Calvin (1961)

Julius Von Sachs (1860)

Arnon (1940)

Hoagland (1940)

Quinone

Cytochrome

Iron-sulphur protein

Ferredoxin

Stahl $(1923)$

Benedict $(1927)$

Arnon $(1938)$

Sachs $(1860)$

Translocation of carbohydrates

Maintaining anion-cation balance

Opening and closing of stomata

Synthesis of proteins

Maintaining turgidity of cells

N and P

Mg and Mn

K and Ca

S and Fe

Cu and Bo

Successful hydroponic culture requires a large volume of nutrient solution or frequent adjustment of the nutrient solution to prevent roots from producing radical changes in nutrient concentrations and pH of the medium.

In nutrient film growth system, plant roots lie on the surface of a trough, and nutrient solutions flow in a thin layer along the trough over the roots.

In aeroponics technique, plants are grown with their roots suspended in air while being sprayed continuously with a nutrient solution.

All of these

3 to split proteins

2 to split carbohydrate

7 to change protein into peptones

2 to change protein in amino acids

appearance of a dead necrotic area

poor development of vasculature

bending of the leaf tip

formation of carotenes in plenty

Mineral elements

Non-mineral elements

Non- essential elements

Both (b) and (c)

Law of minimum

Law of diminishing returns

Law of limiting factors

Law of supply and demand

Perform formation of nutritive molecules

Breakdown the nutrient molecules

Obtain nourishment from the food

Burn the organic compounds directly

Grafting of Plants

Water conservation

Study of Vegetable

Soilless culture of Plants

Organic acid

Phosphorus

Manganese

Potassium

The availability of iron to plants decrease with the increase of acidity of the soil

The presence of $CO _2$ dissolved in the soil water reduces the solubility of carbonates of lime in it

Molybdenum is a constituent of nitrate reductase system

Sulphur is a constituent of phenylalanine

Law of the Minimum

Law of Tolerance

Ecological Niche

Speciation

Growing plants in soil less culture

Culture of fishes by varying the water supply

Growing planktons on the surface of water

Growing plants in sterilized soil

A-$4$, B-$3$, C-$2$, D-$1$

A-$3$, B-$4$, C-$1$, D-$2$

A-$3$, B-$4$, C-$2$, D-$1$

A-$4$, B-$3$, C-$1$, D-$2$

A-$1$, B-$2$, C-$3$, D-$4$

A-$2$, B-$1$, C-$3$, D-$4$

A-$1$, B-$2$, C-$4$, D-$3$

A-$2$, B-$1$, C-$4$, D-$3$

Zn

$Mn^{2+}$

Mo

$Al^{3+}$

K

Ca

N

S

Essentiality of an element

Deficiency symptoms caused by an element

Toxicity caused by an element

All of these

Aeroponics

Water culture

Hydroponics

Soil culture

1 m mole $Kg^{-1}$

10 m mole $Kg^{-1}$

0.1 m mole $Kg^{-1}$

2 m mole $Kg^{-1}$

Knop

Woodward

De Sassure

Steward

B

Fe

Mg

Zn

premature leaf fall

purple anthocyanin pigmentation

older leaves exhibit deficiency symptoms first

all of the above

Very dilute solution

Dilute solution

Concentrated solution

Very concentrated solution

Plant take very little amount of minerals element from soil

Plant absorb one thing at a time either water or minerals salt

Root hair absorb water and minerals together

Minerals absorption primarily takes place by active method

Along the concentration gradient

Along the electric gradient

Along the pressure gradient

Against the concentration gradient

$Mg^{2+}$

$Cu^{2+}$

$Hg^{2+}$

$Zn^{2+}$

Rocks

Breakdown products of rocks

Soil

All the above

A-$5$, B-$2$, C-$3$, D-$1$

A-$3$, B-$1$, C-$5$, D-$4$

A-$2$, B-$1$, C-$4$, D-$5$

A-$3$, B-$2$, C-$4$, D-$5$

Contains proteins

Contains vitamins and carbohydrates

Contains folic acid and amino acids

Is rich in proteins and minerals

Allelopectins

Abscisic acid

Phytolexins

Phytochelatins