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Some commercially important alcohols - class-XII

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Which of the following is not correctly matched with its uses ?

  1. Methanol : As a solvent for paints , varnishes etc.

  2. Ethanol : For denaturing spirit, in manufacture of formaldehyde.

  3. Ethers : To provide inert medium for chemical reactions , as anaesthetic.

  4. All are correctly matched.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Uses of Methanol are:
1. As a fuel. Methanol burns in air to give carbon dioxide and water.
$2CH _3OH + 3O _2 \rightarrow 2CO _2 + 4H _2O$
2. As a useful fuel for stunt and racing cars as it is less inflammable and can be mixed with water.
3. It is also used as a solvent.
4. Manufacturing other chemicals such as formaldehyde.
5. Being a polar liquid at room temperature, it is used as antifreeze and a denaturant for ethanol.
Uses of Ethanol
1. The alcohol that we drink is simply ethanol.
2. It is also used as a fuel. It burns in air to give carbon dioxide and water and can be used in combination with gasoline (petrol).
$CH _3CH _2OH + 3O _2 \rightarrow 2CO _2 + 3H _2O$

3. A mixture of petrol and ethanol is defined as gasohol with 10-20% ethanol.
4. Ethanol is one of the main ingredients in cosmetics and beauty products.
5. It is used as a food additive. Ethanol helps in evenly distributing food color. It also helps in enhancing the flavor of food extracts.
6. Ethanol is an effective agent that can kill microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many hand sanitizers use this chemical compound.

Uses of Ether:
Ethers are liquid at room temperature and are typically colorless, with a sweet smell. The most common type of ether is diethyl ether, which is extremely flammable and was one of the first anesthetics used in surgery. Due to its anesthetic effects, ether is also used as an illicit drug to induce sedation and euphoria.

Write the balanced equation for the following :-
Bromoethane and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

  1. $C _2H _5Br+NaOH\rightarrow C _2H _6$

  2. $C _2H _5Br+NaOH\rightarrow C _2H _5OH$

  3. $C _2H _5Br+NaOH\rightarrow C _2H _4O$

  4. $C _2H _5Br+NaOH\rightarrow C _2H _2O$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Reaction:
$C _2H _5Br+NaOH\rightarrow C _2H _5OH$

Balanced chemical equations for the following:
Monochloro ethane is hydrolysed with aqueous KOH :

  1. $CH _3CH _2Cl + KOH \rightarrow C _2H _5OH + HCl + K _2O$

  2. $CH _3CH _2Cl + KOH \rightarrow C _2H _3OH + KCl + H _2O$

  3. $CH _3CH _2Cl + KOH \rightarrow C _2H _3Cl + KOH + H _2$

  4. $CH _3CH _2Cl + KOH \rightarrow C _2H _5OH + KCl + H _2O$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Reaction:
$CH _3CH _2Cl + KOH \rightarrow  C _2H _5OH + KCl + H _2O$

when alkyl halide is hydrolysed by aq. KOH then corresponding alcohol is formed.

Ethyl alcohol is manufactured by the fermentation of :

  1. molasses

  2. starch

  3. both A and B

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Commercial manufacturing occurs by fermentatiomn of molasses though natural fermentation in yeasts occurs by conversion of starch to ethanol.

Alcoholic beverages contain:

  1. Glycerol

  2. Ethyl alcohol

  3. Methyl alcohol

  4. Isopropyl alcohol


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Alcoholic beverages contain ethyl alcohol (ethanol). Alcohol by volume(ABV) is a standard measure of how much alcohol ethyl alcohol is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage.

Which of the following is an application of ethyl alcohol?

  1. as an antiseptic

  2. as an antipyretic

  3. as an antiallergic

  4. as a coagulating agent


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethanol is used in medical wipes and in most common antibacterial hand sanitizer gels at a concentration of about 62% v/v as an antiseptic. Ethanol kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids and is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses, but is ineffective against bacterial spores.

.................. of molasses takes place in the presence of enzymes.

  1. Fermentation

  2. Reduction

  3. Polymerization

  4. Oxidation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethanol can be prepared by the fermentation of molassesThis is a biochemical process in which enzymes react to degrade biomass. Reduction, polymerization and oxidation reactions doesn't necessarily need

Which of the following alcohol is used for making acetaldehyde?

  1. Ethanol

  2. Methanol

  3. Propanol

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethanol is used to prepare acetaldehyde.

$CH _{3}CH _{2}OH + [O] \xrightarrow{KMnO _{4}} CH _{3}CHO + H _{2}O$
So. ethanol on oxidation with potassium permanganate forms acetaldehyde as a product.

Ethanol burns to produce carbon dioxide and water and can be used as :

  1. gas

  2. fuel

  3. antioxidant

  4. free radical


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Ethanol burns to produce carbon dioxide and water and can be used as a fuel on its own or in mixtures with petrol (gasoline). "Gasohol" is a petrol/ethanol mixture containing approximately $10\%$-$20\%$ ethanol.

Glucose or fructose is converted into $C _2H _5OH$ in the presence of: 

  1. invertase

  2. diastase

  3. maltase

  4. zymase


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Alcoholic fermentation converts one mole of sucrose into two moles of ethyl alchohol, also known as ethanol and two moles of carbon dioxide, producing two moles of ATP in the process. The overall chemical reaction for fermentation of alcohol is as follow:

 $C _6H _{12}O _6+ Zymase\rightarrow 2 C _2H _5OH + 22CO _2$

Which of the following statements is not correct about methanol?

  1. It is used for drinking purposes.

  2. It is highly poisonous compound.

  3. It can be prepared by reduction of formaldehyde with $LiAlH _4$

  4. It is miscible with water in all proportions.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Methanol can not be used for drinking purposes as it is highly poisonous compound.
It can be prepared by reduction of formaldehyde with $LiAlH _4$ as :
$HCHO+LiAlH _4 \rightarrow CH _3OH$
It can form hydrogen bond with water and that makes it miscible with water in all proportion.

Methanol can be distinguished from ethanol by the following except :

  1. Reaction with iodine and alkali

  2. Reaction with salicylic acid and ${ H } _{ 2 }{ SO } _{ 4 }$

  3. Reaction with Lucas reagent

  4. Boiling point


Correct Option: A

The organic compound which when mixed with ethyl alcohol, [ethanol], makes a spurious is:

  1. methanol

  2. methanoic acid

  3. methanal

  4. ethanoic acid


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Alcohol is used in large qualities to produce alcoholic ilquiors or beverages throughout the world. Excessive drinking of it damages kidney and produces other vices. So, to refrain people from drinking it, government controls its production and supply . This is done by making it unfit for drinking by addituion of poisonous, substances like methanol, action, pyridine, $CuSO _4.$ It is called methylated spirit/denatured alcohol. 

Methyl alcohol is treated with conc HI and red P. The main product obtained is ?

  1. $CH _3OH$

  2. $CH _4$

  3. $CH _2I _2$

  4. $PH _3$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
$HI$/Red P is one of the strongest reducing agents. So, it reduces all functional groups to yield alkanes. Hence, methanol gives methane.
$CH _{3}OH \, \overset{HI/Red\, P}\rightarrow \,CH _{4}$

Which of the following is wood alcohol?

  1. $\displaystyle CH _{3}OH$

  2. $\displaystyle C _{2}H _{5}OH$

  3. 1-Butanol

  4. 2-Methyl -1-propanol


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha, methyl hydrate, or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH₃OH.


Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced chiefly by the destructive distillation of wood

Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

Carbinol is a trivial name of :-

  1. $\displaystyle { C } _{ 2 }{ H } _{ 5 }OH$

  2. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }OH$

  3. $\displaystyle HCOOH$

  4. $\displaystyle { CH } _{ 3 }COOH$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Carbinol is a trivial name of methanol $CH _3OH$.

$(CO+H _{2})+H _{2}\overset {673k,300atm,/Cr _{2}O _{3}-ZnO} {\rightarrow}$ 
The above shown reaction may by used for manufacture of:

  1. $HCHO$

  2. $CH _{3}COOH$

  3. $HCOOH$

  4. $CH _{3}OH$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Methanol is prepared on an industrial scale from a mixture of CO and H2. The mixture is subjected to 200atm pressure and passed over ZnO and Cr2O3 catalyst at 400 to 450 degrees celsius.

Hydrolysis of an ester gives acid A and alcohol B. The acid reduces Fehlings solution. Oxidation of alcohol B gives acid A. The ester is:

  1. Mehthyl formate

  2. Ethyl formate

  3. Methyl acetate

  4. Ethyl acetate


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A
A:- HCOOH
B:- $CH _{3}OH$
Therefore the ester is $HCOOCH _{3}$

Methanol is now prepared from:

  1. water gas

  2. sugar through fermentation

  3. wood

  4. both $A$ and $B$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
On an industrial scale, methanol is predominantly produced from natural gas by reforming the gas with steam and then converting and distilling the resulting synthesized gas mixture to create pure methanol. The result is a clear, liquid, organic chemical that is water-soluble and readily biodegradable.
Some methanol can be produced during fermentation, but this is not derived from the ethanol or by carbohydrate oxidation. It is produced in small amounts, either by non-enzymatic reactions or through the reduction of formaldehyde.

What is the common name of methyl alcohol?

  1. Wine

  2. Wood spirit

  3. Dilute acid

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Methanol acquired the name wood spirit because it was once produced chiefly by the destructive distillation of wood.

Which among the following reactions does not give methyl alcohol?

  1. The reaction of ethylene with ${H} _{2}{SO} _{4}$ at ${80}^{o}C$

  2. The reaction of water gas with hydrogen at high temperature

  3. Alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide

  4. Both $A$ and $B$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The reaction of ethylene with ${H} _{2}{SO} _{4}$ at ${80}^{o}C$ gives ethyl hydrogensulphate.
$CH _2=CH _2+H _2SO _4 \rightarrow CH _3CH _2OSO _2OH$
Water gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) at high temperature gives methanol.
$CO + 2H _2 \rightarrow CH _3OH$.
Alkaline hydrolysis of methyl bromide gives methanol 
$CH _3Br + H _2O \rightarrow CH _3OH + HBr$

Methanol can be prepared when :

  1. iodomethane is heated with moist silver oxide

  2. iodomethane react with sodium in the presence of ether

  3. both A and B

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Moist Silver oxide 
$Ag _2O + H _2O \rightarrow 2AgOH$
$CH _3-I + AgOH \rightarrow CH _3-OH + AgI$
Therefore, methanol can be prepared when iodomethane is heated with moist silver oxide. 

There are two samples $A$ and $B$. $A$ is Methanol and $B$ is Ethanol. Both are heated both at the same rate in closed container separately. Which one is correct about the above test?

  1. At $60^0$C, container $A$ and $B$ both have liquids in them

  2. At $80^0$C, container $A$ and $B$ both have vapours in them

  3. At $70^0$C, container $B$ has liquid and $A$ has vapours

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Methanol has a boiling point of $64.7^0$C whereas ethanol has a boiling point of $78.24^0$C. So, all the statements are correct.

Identify the correct set representing properties of Methanol.

  1. Colourless, volatile, poisonous, miscible

  2. Colourless, volatile, non-poisonous, miscible

  3. Colourless, volatile, poisonous, immiscible

  4. Colourless, non-volatile, poisonous, miscible


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Methanol is a light, volatile, colorless, miscible, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol).

Destructive distillation of wood in the laboratory will result in the formation of :

  1. Ethanol

  2. Methane

  3. Methanol

  4. Butane


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Methanol acquired the name "wood spirit" because it was once produced chiefly as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of wood.

Methanol is never stored in aluminium vessel because:

  1. it reacts with aluminium forming toxic gas

  2. it results in explosion

  3. it corrodes the the metal by destroying its oxide layer

  4. aluminium reduces methanol to methane


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Aluminum and its alloys resist most alcohols, however, some alcohols like methanol can be very corrosive when  extremely dry, especially at elevated temperatures.

Methanol is a:

  1. yellow coloured liquid

  2. brown coloured liquid

  3. colourless liquid

  4. blue coloured liquid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Methanol is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol).

Which of the following does NOT involve application of Methanol?

  1. As a solvent

  2. As an anti-freeze in pipelines

  3. In consumable liquor

  4. In Windshield washer fluid


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Methanol is toxic in nature and very unfit for drinking purposes.Its consumption can lead to early blindness and further causing death.

Methanol is called as Marine Methanol beacuse:

  1. it is an essential compound for marine life

  2. it is mostly obtained from deep sea bed

  3. it is used as a marine fuel

  4. it serves as a signal indicator for big ships on burning


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Currently, methanol is being developed and utilized as a marine fuel. Interest in methanol as a ship fuel is growing in response to international regulatory changes and cost advantages relative to other fuels. Methanol is an alternative which is sulphur free, has low emissions; perhaps three to four times cheaper than marine distillate fuel; and has a higher score on the International Martine Organization (IMO) energy efficiency design index (EEDI)than LNG or diesel. Globally, Methanol is already in widespread production (~70 million tons per annum) for a multitude of chemical and energy applications, and is one of the world’s most widely shipped chemicals.

The other name for Syngas is:

  1. Producer gas

  2. Water gas

  3. Tear gas

  4. Fuel gas


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Syngas is also called as water gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Trivial name of methanol is _________ .

  1. wood spirit

  2. methyl alcohol

  3. wood alcohol

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Methanol is known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirit because it was once produced as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of wood.

From methyl alcohol we get:

  1. bakelite, a hard plastic

  2. the rubber neoprene

  3. the plastic perspex

  4. sponge rubber


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Solution:- (A) bakelite, a hard plastic.

Explanation:-
Methyl alcohol on reaction with formaldehyde at room temperature and pressure gives bakelite.

The compound (s) used as an antifreeze in radiators of automobiles is/are?

  1. methyl alcohol

  2. ethyl alcohol

  3. ethyl alcohol + water

  4. methyl alcohol + water


Correct Option: C,D
Explanation:

Anitfreeze agents work to prevent the vehicle from overheating in summers and freezing in winters. The anifreeze agents used are ;ethyl alcohol + water and methyl alcohol + water.

Identify the correct sequence of given steps for the conversion of calcium carbide to methyl alcohol.
(a) Reaction with aqueous $KOH$
(b) Hydrolysis
(c) Reaction with soda lime
(d) Reaction with $Ha{SO} _{4}/{H} _{2}{SO} _{4}$
(e) Reaction with $Hg{SO} _{4}$
(f) Reaction with $P{Cl} _{5}$

  1. $b\ d\ e\ c\ f\ a$

  2. $b\ d\ c\ a\ f\ e$

  3. $b\ f\ d\ e\ a\ c$

  4. $d\ b\ c\ e\ f \ a$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Steps for the conversion of calcium carbide to methyl alcohol:
(b) Hydrolysis
(d) Reaction with $Ha{SO} _{4}/{H} _{2}{SO} _{4}$
(e) Reaction with $Hg{SO} _{4}$
(c) Reaction with soda lime
(f) Reaction with $P{Cl} _{5}$
(a) Reaction with aqueous $KOH$
$CaC _2 + 2 H _2O\rightarrow C _2H _2 + Ca(OH) _2 \Rightarrow C _2H _2  + H _2SO _4/ HgSO _4 \rightarrow CH _3CHO
 \Rightarrow CH _3CHO + H _2SO _4\rightarrow CH _3COOH \Rightarrow CH _3COOH + NaOH + CaO \rightarrow CH _3COONa
 \Rightarrow CH _3COONa + PCl _5 \rightarrow CH _3Cl\Rightarrow CH _3Cl + KOH \rightarrow CH _3OH$

Reagent used for the industrial preparation of methanol from $CO$ and $H _2$ is:

  1. mixture of $ZnO+CuO$

  2. mixture of $CuO+Cr _2O _3$

  3. mixture of $Zn _O+CaO$

  4. mixture of $ZnO+Cr _2O _3$


Correct Option: A

Under suitable condition temperature,pressure and catalyst,methanol can be obtain by:

  1. partial oxidation of hydrocarbons

  2. reacting $H _2$ with $CO$

  3. reacting $H _2$ with $CO _2$

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons produces methanol.

$CO + 2H _2O \longrightarrow CH _3OH$
$CO _2 + H _2O \longrightarrow CH _3OH + H _2O$
All the three processes produces mathanol.

An industrial method for the preparation of methanol is:

  1. by catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide

  2. by reacting methane with steam in presence of a catalyst

  3. by reduction of $HCHO$ with $LiAlH _4$

  4. by reduction of $HCHO$ with aqueous $NaOH$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An industrial method for the preparation of methanol is by catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide.
$ \displaystyle \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Synthetic gas } }{\underset {  \displaystyle  \text { water gas } }{CO+H _2}+H _2} \xrightarrow [ \text { 300 deg C, pressure }]{Cr _2O _3-ZnO} \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Methanol } }{CH _3-OH}$

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