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Venation - class-VII

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Read the following matches.

(i) Guava Spiral phyllotaxy
(ii) Ruscus Cladode
(iii) Opuntia Phylloclade's
(iv) Mustard Spiral phyllotaxy


Which of these are correct?

  1. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  2. (ii), (iii) and (iv)

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (ii) and (iv)


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

1) Guava- Opposite phyllotaxy

2) Ruscus- Cladode
3) Opuntia- Phylloclade
4) Mustard- Alternate/spiral phyllotaxy


So the correct option is " B) ii, iii, iv". 

Reticulate venation is not seen in _________.

  1. Mango

  2. Maize

  3. Sunflower

  4. Hibiscus


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
In reticulate venation, the veins branch and unite forming a complicated network. All the veins are interconnected, like the strands of the net.
Leaves of dicot plants generally have reticulate venation. Maize is a monocot and hence shows only parallel venation.
So, the correct option is 'Maize'.

Veins are _________ strands on the lamina.

  1. Conducting

  2. Transpirational

  3. Exceptional

  4. Flattened


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Veins provide support for the leaf and transport both water and minerals (via xylem) and food energy (via phloem) through the leaf and on to the rest of the plant and hence are conducting in their function.

So, the correct option is 'Conducting'.

Parallel venation is a characteristic feature of ..........

  1. Monocotyledon

  2. Dicotyledon

  3. Pteridophytes

  4. Bryophytes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:


Parallel venation, in which veins run parallel to one another from base to the tips of the leaf. Reticulate venation in which veins are arranged in a net like a pattern on both sides.

Name of the organism  Type of venation
Monocotyledons Parallel
Dicotyledons Reticulate
Pteridophytes Reticulate 
Bryophytes The plant body is not differentiated into root, stem, leaves, lack vascular tissue( Xylem and phloem) and there are no veins i.e. .conducting lines, so venation is not present.

So, the correct option is ' Monocotyledonae '

Leave grow due to presence of 

  1. Apical meristan

  2. Diffused meristem

  3. Intercalary meristem

  4. Mass meristem


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The apical meristem, also known as the “growing tip,” is an undifferentiated meristematic tissue found in the buds and growing tips of roots in plants.
So the correct option is 'Apical meristem'.

If a leaf has more than one prominent vein it is said to be

  1. Unicostate

  2. Multicostate

  3. Pinnate

  4. Palmate


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Venation in which the lamina has more than one equally prominent or principal veins is Multicostate reticulate venation
  • They give rise to lateral veins connected by reticulations of veinlets. 
  • Multicostate reticulate venation has two forms. Convergent and Divergent.
  • Hence, If a leaf has more than one prominent vein, it is  Multicostate.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Multicostate'.

The monocotyledons showing reticulate venation is

  1. Smilax

  2. Dioscorea

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves, while in monocot. Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves, while in monocot leaves venation is of parallel type.
  •  Monocot having reticulate venation, e.g., Smilax, Colocasia, Dioscorea.
  • Hence, The monocotyledons showing reticulate venation is Smilax and Dioscorea.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B

The monocotyledonous leaf shows which of the following venation?

  1. Pinnate reticulate

  2. Parallel

  3. Palmate reticulate

  4. Pinnate parallel


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Parallel venation refers to a pattern in the veins of a leaf where the secondary veins run parallel to each other off of a central, perpendicular primary vein. 
  • The best example for parallel venation is banana. Some of the monocotyledons like bajra, sorghum, maize, wheat, rice, grasses, coconut, palm and then dicots like mango also the examples of parallel venation.
  • Hence, The monocotyledonous leaf shows Parallel venation.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Parallel'.

Reticulate venation is observed mostly in

  1. Monocot plants

  2. Dicot plants

  3. Thallophytes

  4. Bryophytes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. In reticulated venation, veins are interconnected and form a web-like network. There is a prominent vein called the midrib from which many small veins arise which finally form a net-like structure in the lamina. This kind of venation is seen in dicots. for example, mango.

Venation is the ________________.

  1. arrangement of leaves on the stem

  2. arrangement of veins on the lamina

  3. arrangement of leaves in bud.

  4. folding of leaves in bud.


Correct Option: A

In plants like Nymphaea which is a submerged hydrophyte, the stomata are present on

  1. Adaxial (upper) surface of leaf

  2. Abaxial (lower) surface of leaf

  3. On both surface of leaf

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

If the stomata and waxy cuticle are present on submerged leaves, they may disturb the buoyancy of the leaf. Hence, the stomata are found in the upper surface of the submerged plant. The stomata in the leaf are open majority of the time because there is no need for water conservation.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Which of the following contains reticulate venation on its leaves?

  1. Bamboo

  2. Sugarcane

  3. Mango

  4. Datepalm


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. In reticulated venation, veins are interconnected and form a web-like network. There is a prominent vein called the midrib from which many small veins arise which finally form a net-like structure in the lamina. This kind of venation is seen in dicots. for example, mango. 

A plant showing reticulate venation is

  1. Ficus

  2. Canna

  3. Musa

  4. Zea


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, ficus. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa, Zea (maize). Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Ficus.'

In Musa, the venation is

  1. Unicostate reticulate

  2. Unicostate parallel

  3. Multicostate reticulate

  4. Multicostate parallel


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins on the leaves. It is basically of 2 types, reticulate and parallel. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. In pinnate or unicostate venation, the lamina has a single principal vein or midrib. It produces lateral veins. In palmate or multicostate venation, lamina has more than one principal vein. In Musa, the venation is unicostate parallel. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Unicostate parallel.'

A monocot showing reticulate venation is

  1. Zea

  2. Plum

  3. Bambusa

  4. Smilax


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, Hibiscus, papaya, Ficus, Bambusa. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa, plum, Zea (maize). Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation. However, there are exceptions in monocots like Smilax and Colocasia. They show reticulate venation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Smilax.'

Parallel venation is found in

  1. Mentha

  2. Banana

  3. Dalbergia

  4. Syzygium


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, ficus. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa, Zea (maize). Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Banana.'

Assertion : Floral initiation is done by florigen.

Reason : Florigen is translocated from flowers to leaves.

  1. If both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion

  3. If the assertion is true but the reaon is false

  4. If both the assertion and reason are false

  5. If the assertion is false but reason is true


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cajlakhjan, working on floral initiation, coined the term florigen for the flowering hormone thought to be present in photoinduced leaves and plants. It is supposed that leaf prepare a special compound A on receiving $CO _{2}$. A on turn produces B in dark and is followed by formation of C (florigen). The florigen translocated from vegetative meristems to floral initiation.

In the leaves, veins are useful for

  1. Transport of water and minerals

  2. Mechanical support

  3. Transport of organic nutrients

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Veins in leaves are made up of xylem and phloem. It is useful in providing mechanical support to the leaf. It also helps in transport of both water and minerals via xylem tissue and transport of organic nutrients via phloem tissue to the rest of the plant.

Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

Venation is monocots in

  1. Pinnate reticulate

  2. Palmate reticulate

  3. Pinnate parallel

  4. Parallel


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, ficus. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa. Leaves of monocot plants generally show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants generally show reticulate venation.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Parallel.'

Parallel venation occurs in dicot

  1. Corymbium

  2. Ageratum

  3. Carthamus

  4. Centipeda


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Parallel venation means the veins present within the leaves are arranged parallel to each other. These veins never join any other veins. No branching is seen in parallel venation. All the monocots are parallelly venated whereas the dicots have reticulate venation except Corymbium and Calophyllum which are parallelly venated. So, the correct answer is 'Corymbium'.

Venation is generally reticulate in ________.

  1. Monocot plants

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Thallophytes

  4. Dicot plants


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, ficus. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa. Leaves of monocot plants generally show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants generally show reticulate venation.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Dicot plants.'

Name the plant having reticulate venation.

  1. Musa

  2. Mangifera

  3. Oryza

  4. Canna


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, Mangifera. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa, Oryza. Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Mangifera.'

Unicostate venation is called as

  1. Palmate

  2. Pinnate

  3. Reticulate

  4. Parallel


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins on the leaves. It is basically of 2 types, reticulate and parallel. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Pinnate venation is also called as unicostate venation. In this, the lamina has a single principal vein or midrib. It produces lateral veins. Palmate venation is also called as multicostate venation. In this, lamina has more than one principal vein. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Pinnate.'

Multicostate parallel venation occurs in

  1. Banana and Canna

  2. Mango and Peepal

  3. Grasses and Palms

  4. Castor and Tapioca

  5. Castor and China Rosa


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins on the leaves. It is basically of 2 types, reticulate and parallel. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. In pinnate or unicostate venation, the lamina has a single principal vein or midrib. It produces lateral veins. In palmate or multicostate venation, lamina has more than one principal vein. In Grasses and Palms, the venation is multicostate parallel. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Grasses and Palms.'

The row of smaller leaves lying in the mid-ventral line of members of Acrogenous Jungermanniales are termed as _____________.

  1. Amphigastria

  2. Amphithecium

  3. Amphigenous

  4. Amphigynous


Correct Option: A

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Monocots have parallel venation in their leaves, while dicots have netted venation.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Answer A: True
Monocots leaf veins are arranged in parallel venation and dicot leaf veins are arranged in reticulate or netted venation.

Which of the following kinds of venation is present in banana?

  1. Reticulate unicostate

  2. Reticulate multicostate

  3. parallel unicostate

  4. parallel multicostate


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pinnate or unicostate parallel venation: In such venation, lamina has a single prominent vein or midrib extending from the base to the apex of the lamina, e.g., Banana etc.

So the correct answer is 'parallel unicostate'.

Anisophylly can be traced in

  1. Trapa

  2. Ranunculus

  3. Strobilanthes 

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Anisophylly is term commonly referred to explain plant having pairs of leaves with the significant difference in their size between two leaves. Goldfussia (Strobilanthes anisophyllus) is an evergreen shrub. It has glossy, dark green leaves of unequal size, which are stained blackish purple on both sides. Mauve flowers appear in spring and intermittently throughout the year. Thus, anisophylly is observed in Strobilanthes.

A dicot leaf having parallel venation is

  1. Eryngium

  2. Zizyphus

  3. Ricinus

  4. Cassia


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The phenomenon of arrangement of veins on the leaf is called as venation. There are two types venation, namely reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants showing reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, Hibiscus, papaya, Ficus, Bambusa. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Examples of plants showing parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, musa, plum, Zea (maize). Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation and leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation. However, there are exceptions in dicots  like Corymbium, Calophyllum, Eryngium. They show parallel venation. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Eryngium.'

Reticulate venation is a characteristic of dicots. An exception to this generalisation?

  1. Calophyllum

  2. Ficus

  3. Hibiscus

  4. Zizyphus


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Reticulate venation is a characteristic of dicots while parallel venation is of monocots. But there are some exceptions as some dicot plants show parallel venation, e.g., Calophyllum, Corymbium, etc., and reticulate venation is also shown by some monocot plant e.g., Alocasia, Smilax, etc.

So,the correct answer is " Calophyllum ".

Parallel venation is observed mostly in

  1. Monocot plants

  2. Dicot plants

  3. Thallophytes

  4. Bryophytes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. Parallel venation is where the secondary veins run parallel to each other and are connected laterally by minute and straight veinlets. This type of venation is mostly seen in monocots, for example, grass. 
So, the correct answer is 'Monocot plants'

In a leaf with reticulate venation

  1. Veins forms a network on the leaf

  2. Veins run parallel to the midrib

  3. Veins run horizontal to the midrib

  4. Veins criss-cross each other in an irregular pattern


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. In reticulated venation, veins are interconnected and form a web-like network. There is a prominent vein called the midrib from which many small veins arise which finally form a net like structure in the lamina. This kind of venation is seen in dicots.

In a leaf with parallel venation

  1. Veins form a network on the leaf

  2. Veins run parallel to the midrib

  3. Veins run horizontal to the midrib

  4. Veins crisscross each other to from an irregular pattern


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Venation is the arrangement of veins in a leaf. Parallel venation is where the secondary veins run parallel to each other and are connected laterally by minute and straight veinlets. This type of venation is mostly seen in monocots.

Parallel venation is a characteristic of moncots. which of the following is an exception to this generalization?

  1. Smilax

  2. Colocasia

  3. Alocasia

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In case of parallel venation, the veins run parallel to each other and network is not formed. This type of venation is the characteristic feature of monocots. There are few exceptions, e.g., Smilax, Colocasia, Alocasia, Dioscorea, etc.
Correct option is D.

Venation is a term used to describe the pattern of arrangement of

  1. Floral organs

  2. Flower in inflorescence

  3. Veins and veinlets in a lamina

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The arrangement of veins and veinlets on the lamina of the leaf is called as venation.
Correct option C.

Which one of the following is correct?

  1. In dorsiventral leaf, stomata are on lower (abaxial) surface.

  2. Protoxylem disintegrates to produce lacuna (lysigenous) in monocot stem.

  3. Reticulate venation in dicot leaf, parallel venation in monocot leaf.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
a) Dorsiventral leaf has stomata only on the lower surface because it is more often in the shade and so it is cooler, which means evaporation won't take place as much. 
b) Protoxylem lacuna is a space surrounded by parenchyma cells in the protoxylem of a vascular bundle. Appears in some plants after the protoxylem has ceased to function, after these elements have been stretched and torn, thus forming the cavity (lacuna) in monocot stem. 
c) Leaf veins are arranged either in parallel through the length of the leaf or in a reticulate arrangement throughout the leaf. In most species, monocot leaves have parallel arrangement while dicots have reticulate venation of leaves.
So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
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