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Viscosity - class-XI

Description: viscosity
Number of Questions: 36
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Tags: option b: engineering physics properties of matter physics
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Viscosity is most closely related to:

  1. density

  2. velocity

  3. friction

  4. energy


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Viscosity is the property by virtue of which a liquid offers resistance for the relative motion between liquid molecules. Friction is the force which opposes relative motion between any two objects. So, viscosity is most closely related to friction.

Viscosity of the fluids is analogous to:

  1. Random motion of the gas molecules

  2. Friction between the solid surfaces

  3. integral motion

  4. Nonuniform motion of solids


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Viscosity is the property by virtue of which a liquid offers resistance for the relative motion between its layer.
Friction is the force between two solid surfaces which offers resistance for the relative motion between them. 
So, viscosity of the fluids is analogous to friction between the solid surfaces.

The main cause of viscosity is:

  1. force of repulsion between molecules.

  2. cohesive forces.

  3. adhesive forces.

  4. both cohesive and adhesive forces.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

When the inter-molecular forces of attraction are strong within a liquid, there is a viscosity. Cohesive forces are attractive forces exist between molecules of the same substance. So, cohesive forces are the main cause of viscosity. Adhesive forces are attractive force between unlike molecules.

The arrow with a pointed tip can move faster in air than that of with a blunt tip.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The arrow with  a pointed tip can move faster in air than that of with a blunt tip because blunt tip arrow has more area of cross section , so it requires more amount of force to create the same amount of pressure as that by the pointed tip .

so given statement is true  , hence option (A) is correct

Viscosity is the property by virtue of which a liquid:

  1. occupies minimum surface area.

  2. offers resistance for the relative motion between its layers.

  3. becomes spherical in shape.

  4. tends to gain its deformed position.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Viscosity is the property by virtue of which a liquid offers resistance for the relative motion between it's layer because it's main cause is cohesive force which acts between like molecules and try to bind them. So, it offers resistance for relative motion between liquid molecules.

The cause of viscosity of liquid is:

  1. diffusion.

  2. adhesive force.

  3. gravitational force.

  4. cohesive force.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Due to strong cohesive forces between the molecules, any layer in a moving fluid tries to drag the adjacent layer to move with an equal speed and thus produces the effect of viscosity.

Viscosity is exhibited by:

  1. Solids, liquids, and gases.

  2. liquids and gases

  3. Solids and gases

  4. Solids and liquids


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Viscosity is exhibited by liquids and gases only. In solids, the role of viscosity is played by friction. 

Aeroplanes are streamlined to reduce ....................... friction.

  1. Contact

  2. Fluid

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. None


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

To reduce the fluid  friction body of an Aeroplane is streamlined .

so option (B) is correct

The dimensions of velocity gradient are:

  1. [$T^{-1}$]

  2. [$T$]

  3. [$T^2$]

  4. [$T^{\circ}$]


Correct Option: A
Explanation:


Velocity gradient $=\dfrac{dv}{dx}$
so dimensions of velocity gradient is $\dfrac{[LT^{-1}]}{[L]}=[T^{-1}]$

The viscous drag is:

  1. inversely proportional to the velocity gradient.

  2. directly proportional to the surface area of layers in contact.

  3. independent of nature of liquid.

  4. perpendicular to the direction of liquid flow.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The viscous drag force can be written as below:
$F =  \eta \ A \ (\cfrac{dV}{dX})$ where, F is viscous drag force (or tangential force)
$\eta$ is coefficient of viscosity
$A$ is surface area of layers in contact
$\dfrac{dV}{dX} $ is velocity gradient
$\eta$ is property of liquid.
So, we can see that drag is directly proportional to the velocity gradient, surface area and nature of liquid. Drag force acts in opposite direction of liquid flow. 

For an ideal fluid, viscosity is:

  1. zero

  2. infinity

  3. finite but small

  4. unity


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A fluid that has no resistance to shear stress between its layers is known as an ideal fluid.(Definition).Hence ideal fluid  has zero viscosity.

The total area of wings of an aeroplane is $10\, m^2$. the speed of air above and below the wings is 140 m/s and 110 m/s. Then the force on the aeroplane by air is ? $(P _A=1.28\dfrac{Kg}{m^3})$

  1. 48750 N

  2. 48000 N

  3. 95000 N

  4. 50000 N


Correct Option: A

Viscous force a is similar to friction in solids ,but viscous force
a. is independent of area but friction depends on area
b. is temperature dependent while friction force between solids depends upon normal reaction
c. is velocity dependent while friction is velocity independent

  1. a, b, c are correct

  2. a, c are correct

  3. b, c are correct

  4. a, b are correct


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Viscosity depends of mass of body, temperature, velocity and density.
Where as friction depends only on normal reaction.

The viscous force on a small sphere of radius $R$ moving in a fluid varies as 

  1. $\propto \ R^2$

  2. $\propto \ R$

  3. $\propto \ (\dfrac{1}{R})$

  4. $\propto \ (\dfrac{1}{R})^2$


Correct Option: B

Why does the cotton wick in an oil filled lamp keep on burning?

  1. By friction

  2. By capillary action

  3. By electrostatic force

  4. By Gravitational force


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Due to surface tension of oil capillary rise can be seen in cotton wick which makes lamp to burn.

When a ball is released from rest in a very long column of viscous liquid, its down ward acceleration is $a'$ (just after released). Its acceleration when it has acquired to third of the maximum velocity is $a/X$. Find the value of $X$.

  1. $2$

  2. $3$

  3. $23$

  4. $5$


Correct Option: B

A liquid rises in a capillary tube when the angle of contact is:

  1. $An\ acute\ one$

  2. $An\ obtuse\ one$

  3. $\pi/2\ radian$

  4. $\pi\ radian$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

If angle of contact is acute, liquid rises in a capillary tube whereas if angle of contact is obtuse, liquid is depressed in a capillary tube.

Hence, option A is correct.

Two solid metal balls of radii $r$ $2r$ are falling with their terminal speeds in a viscous liquid.What is the ratio of drag force acting on these two balls?

  1. 1;2

  2. 1;4

  3. 1;8

  4. 4;1


Correct Option: C

We have three beakers A, B and C containing glycerine, water and kerosene respectively. They are stirred vigorously and placed on the table. The liquid which comes to rest at the earliest is

  1. Glycerine

  2. Water

  3. Kerosene

  4. All of them at the same time


Correct Option: A

When $200 ml$ of water is subjected to a pressure of $2 \times {10^8}pa,$ the decrease in its volume is $0.2 ml.$ the compressibility of water is -----

  1. $5 \times {10^{ - 8}}{m^2}{N^{ - 1}}$

  2. $5 \times {10^{ - 10}}{m^2}{N^{ - 1}}$

  3. $5 \times {10^{ - 12}}{m^2}{N^{ - 1}}$

  4. $None$


Correct Option: C

A water hose 2 cm in diameter is used to fill a 20 litre bucket. If it takes 1 minute to fill bucket with watch velocity it leaves the hose ,

  1. 150 cm/s

  2. 70 cm/s

  3. 106 cm/s

  4. 100 cm/s


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Given,

Area, $A=\dfrac{\pi {{d}^{2}}}{4}=\dfrac{\pi }{4}{{\left( 0.02 \right)}^{2}}$

Volume rate of flow, $\dot{V}=\dfrac{volume}{time}=\dfrac{20\,L}{60}=\dfrac{{{10}^{-3}}}{3}\,{{m}^{3}}{{s}^{-1}}$

Volume rate of flow = Cross-Section Area x Velocity of Flow

$ \dot{V}=Av $

$v=\dfrac{{\dot{V}}}{A}=\dfrac{{{10}^{-3}}}{3}\times \dfrac{4}{\pi {{\left( 0.02 \right)}^{2}}}=1.06\,m{{s}^{-1}}=106\,cm{{s}^{-1}}$

Hence, velocity of water leaves hose is$106\,cm{{s}^{-1}}$.

An air bubble of diameter 2mm rises steadily througha solution of density $1750 kg/m^3$at the rate of $0.35cm/s$.Calculate the coefficient of viscosity of the solution.The density of air is negligible. 

  1. 10

  2. 11

  3. 12

  4. 13


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The force of buoyancy B is equal to the weight of  the displaced liquid. Thus

$\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{4}{3}\pi r^36g$
This force is upward. The viscous force acting downward is $F=6\pi nrv$
The weight of the air bubble may be neglected as the density of air is small. for uniform velocity -
$\Rightarrow F=B$
$\Rightarrow 6\pi nrv=\dfrac{4}{3}\pi r^3 6g$
$\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{2r^36g}{9v}$
         $=\dfrac{2\times \left( 1\times 106{-3}m\right)^2\times \left( 1750kg/m^3\right)\times 9.8m/s^2}{9\times 0.35\times 10^{-2}m/s}$
         $=11\;poise$
This appears to be a highly viscous liquid.

Blood vessel is $0.10\ m$ in length and has a radius of $1.5\times{10}^{-3}m$. Blood flows at rate of ${10}^{-7}{m}^{-3}/s$ through this vessel. The pressure difference that must be maintained in this flow, between the two ends of the vessel is $20\ Pa$. What is the viscosity sufficient of blood?

  1. $2\times{10}^{-3}\ Pa-s$

  2. $1\times{10}^{-3}\ Pa-s$

  3. $4\times{10}^{-3}\ Pa-s$

  4. $5\times{10}^{-4}\ Pa-s$


Correct Option: C

A U-tube having identical limbs is partially filled with water. An immiscible oil having a density of 0.8 g/cc is poured into one side until the water rises by 25 cm on the other side. the level of oil will stand higher than the water level? 

  1. 6.25 cm

  2. 75 cm

  3. 22.5 cm

  4. 12.5 cm


Correct Option: A

A small sphere of mass M and density $D _1$ is dropped in a vessel filled with glycerine. If the density of glycerine is $D _2$ then the viscous force acting on the ball will be in Newton.

  1. $M D _1 D _2$

  2. $Mg \displaystyle \left [ 1- \frac {D _2}{D _1} \right ]$

  3. $\displaystyle \frac {M D _1 g}{D _2}$

  4. $\displaystyle \frac {M}{g} \left ( D _1 + D _2 \right)$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

When sphere is in glycerine, three forces acts on it. which balances each other.

  • weight $(W)$
  • buoyant force $(F _B)$
  • viscous force $(F _V)$
and $W=F _B+F _V$
$\Rightarrow Mg=V _g D _2g +F _V$
$\Rightarrow Mg=V _s D _2g +F _V           \because V _g=V _s$
$\Rightarrow Mg=\frac{M}{D _1} D _2g +F _V             \because V _s=\frac{M}{D _1}$
$\Rightarrow F _V=Mg \left [ 1- \frac {D _2}{D _1} \right ]$

The viscous drag on a spherical body moving with a speed V is proportional to:

  1. $\sqrt V$

  2. $V$

  3. $\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt V}$

  4. $V^{2}$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The viscous drag on a spherical body is given as $F=6\pi \eta RV$. Here $\eta$ is the coefficient of viscosity, R is the radius of the sphere and V is its velocity. 

An air bubble of radius $1 \,cm$ is found to rise in a cylindrical vessel of large radius at a steady rate of $0.2 \,cm$ per second. If the density of the liquid is $1470 \,kg \,m^{-3}$, then coefficient of viscosity of liquid is approximately equal to

  1. $163$ poise

  2. $163$ centi-poise

  3. $140$ poise

  4. $140$ centi-poise


Correct Option: B

A capillary tube of area of cross-section A is dipped in water vertically. The amount of heat evolved as the water rises in the capillary tube up to height h is: (The density of water is $\rho$)

  1. $\dfrac{A\rho gh^2}{2}$

  2. $Agh^2\rho$

  3. $2Agh^2\rho$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

Viscous force is somewhat like friction as it opposes, the motion and is non-conservative but not exactly so, because

  1. It is velocity dependent while friction is not

  2. It is velocity independent while friction is not

  3. It is temperature dependent while friction is not

  4. It is independent of area is like surface tension while friction is dependent


Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:

Using the relation $\tau=\mu\displaystyle\frac{du}{dy}$ we see that viscosity is velocity dependent. Also viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. Thus A and C are correct.

A liquid flows between two parallel plates along the x-axis. The difference between the velocity of two  layers separated by the distance $dy$ is $dv$. If $A$ is the area of each plate, then Newton's law of viscosity may be written as:

  1. $F=-\eta A\dfrac{dv}{dx}$

  2. $F=+\eta A\dfrac{dv}{dx}$

  3. $F=-\eta A\dfrac{dv}{dy}$

  4. $F=+\eta A\dfrac{dv}{dy}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Newton's viscous force acting between two liquid surfaces with relative velocity $dv$ and distance $dy$ between the layers is given as $-\eta A\dfrac{dv}{dy}$

If the shearing stress between the horizontal layers of water in a river is $1.5 mN/ m^{2}$ and $\eta  _{water}= 1\times10^{-3}Pa-s$ , The velocity gradient is:

  1. $1.5$

  2. $3$

  3. $0.7$

  4. $1$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Shearing stress  $=\eta \dfrac{dv}{dy}=1.5 \times 10^{-3} N /m^{2}$


$\Rightarrow 1 \times 10^{-3} \dfrac{dv}{dy}=1.5 \times 10^{-3}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{dv}{dy}=1.5 \ s^{-1}$

An air bubble of radius $1 mm$ moves up with uniform velocity of $0.109ms^{-1}$ in a liquid column of density $14.7 \times 10^{3} kg/m^{3}$, then coefficient of viscosity will be ($g = 10ms^{-2}$)

  1. $1.3 Pa- s$

  2. $300 Pa -s$

  3. $15 Pa- s$

  4. $150 Pa- s$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

If the bubble is moving up with uniform velocity, the frictional force acting downwards is equal to the buoyant force acting upwards.

$\implies V\rho g=6\pi\eta rv$
$\implies \eta=\dfrac{V\rho g}{6\pi rv}$
$=0.3Pa.s$

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :

List I List II
p. Boltzmann constant 1. $[ML^2T^{-1}]$
q. Coefficient of viscosity 2. $[ML^{-1}T^{-1}]$
r. Planck constant 3. $[MLT^{-3}K^{-1}]$
s. Thermal conductivity 4. $[ML^2T^{-2}K^{-1}]$
  1. P - 3, Q - 1, R - 2, S - 4

  2. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 4

  3. P - 4, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 3

  4. P - 4, Q - 1, R - 2, S - 3


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$c. p \rightarrow (4); q \rightarrow (2); r \rightarrow (1); s \rightarrow (3)$

The space between two large horizontal metal plates 6 cm apart, is filled with 
liquid of viscosity 0.8 $N/m^2.$ A thin plate of surface area 0.01 $m^2$ is moved  parallel to the length of the plate such that the plate is at a distance of 2 m  from one of the plates and 4 cm from the other. If the plate moves with a  constant speed of 1 m $s^{-1}$, then

  1. the layer of the fluid, which is having the maximum velocity, is lying mid-way between the plates

  2. the layers of the fluid, which is in contact with the moving plate, is having the maximum velocity

  3. the layer of the fluid, which is in Contact with the moving plate and is on the side of farther plate, is moving with the maximum velocity

  4. the layer of the fluid, which is in contact with the moving plant and is on the Side of nearer plate, is moving with the maximum velocity


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The profile of the velocity of fluid as shown in the figure The velocity of the layer of fluid ,which in contact with metal plates (fixed), is zero. As we move towards the centre from either plate the velocity of the layer of fluid increases and it becomes maximum at the location of moving plate. This maximum value is same as that of the velocity of plate

A solid ball of density half that of water falls freely under gravity from a height of 19.6 m and then enters the water. Up to what depth will the ball go? How much time will it take to come again to the water surface. Neglect air resistance and viscosity effects in water. ($
g=9.8 \mathrm{ms}^{-2}
$)

  1. 4 s

  2. 8 s

  3. 6 s

  4. 2 s


Correct Option: A

A spherical ball of radius $3\times 10^{-4}\ m$ and density $10^{4}\ kg\ m^{-3}$ falls freely under gravity through a distance $h$ before entering a tank of water. If after entering the water, the velocity of the ball does not change, then the value of $h$ is (Given, $viscosity >of> water=9.8\times 10^{-6}\ Nsm^{-2}$ and $\rho _{water}=10^{3}\ kgm^{-3}$)

  1. $1650\ m$

  2. $165\ m$

  3. $1050\ m$

  4. $105\ m$


Correct Option: A
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