Martin Luther King was one of the most important leaders of the changes that took place within Christianity in Europe. He felt that several practices in the Roman Catholic Church went against the teachings of the Bible. His supporters were known as Protestants. He encouraged the use of the language of ordinary people rather than Latin. He translated the Bible into German.

Martin Luther questioned the authority of church as well as pope because they have taken up enormous power and wealth,not providing any relief to common man just spreading corruption.

Because of corruption in the Catholic Church, some people felt that there was a need to change the way it worked. With Martin Luther's posting of the 95 theses at Wittenberg in the year, 1517  the Protestant Reformation started. 

The Reformation was initiated by Martin Luther who was a German priest. He was also a professor of theology. He was known for carrying out the Protestant movement which was against atrocities carried out by catholic heads under the name of Church.

Martin Luther was a German priest. He was also a professor of theology. He was known for carrying out the Protestant movement which was against atrocities carried out by Catholic heads under the name of the Church.

The printing press was invented around 1450. As a result, it became possible to take new ideas, new concepts and knowledge to one and all in the society.

In 1517, Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticising Roman Catholic Church. The 95 Theses is a proposition for debate concerned with the questioning of indulgences. Indulgences were pardon certificates granted by the Pope to those who gave money to build the church. 

Statement III and IV are correct.So Option D is right answer.

This statement was made by the religious leader Martin Luther.

Planet Venus which is often visible before sunrise is called Morningstar. Likewise, John Wycliffe, who lived hundred years before Martin Luther was born, is heralded as the Morning Star of the Reformation. Wycliffe made sincere efforts to take the Bible to every hand at a time when translating Bible to a common language was forbidden by Roman Catholic Law. It was a precursor to the upcoming protests which eventually destabilized the entire set up of Roman Catholic Church.

John Wycliffe was a theologian, philosopher, and translator. He had challenged the authority of the church and pope due to which was condemned by the church. He suffered a stroke on Dec 28, 1384, And died three days later on Jan 31, 1384.

Martin Luther rejected the teachings of the Catholic church. In the year 1517, he expressed his opposition against the church for selling the confession letters also known as indulgences. Since Martin Luther protested against the evil practices of the church, the Reformation came to be known as the Protestant Reformation and his followers came to be known as Protestants. 

John Calvin was a French by birth who fled to Switzerland to protest against the papal order. He wrote a book called 'Institutes of Christian Religion.' He founded the Puritan sect. He shared a lot of similarities with Martin Luther. 

The sale of indulgences was started by Pope  Leo X in order to construct the St.Peter's church. He issued pardon certificates to those who gave money to build the church. The people were deceived by him. Pope's interference in the political affairs was naturally resented by the kings. They strongly supported the Reformation Movement in order to weaken the church. John Wycliffe, an English priest laid emphasis on the Bible as the sole guide for salvation. 

Martin Luther was a German philosopher, priest, monk and was considered as ‘Father of Protestantism.  He believed that faith alone was the way to seek salvation. By faith, he meant, faith in the Bible. 

The Ninety-five Theses is a list of questions and propositions for debate written in 1517 by Martin Luther. On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church which marked the beginning of the Protestant revolution.

The Reformation divided the church into Protestantism and Catholicism. Those who led the revolt against the church were called Protestants because they protested against the practices prevalent in the church. Those who remained loyal to the traditional church were on the side of the Pope. They were called Roman Catholics. The Catholics and Protestants fought many wars.

On January 3, 1521, Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Decet Romanum pontificem (“It pleases the Roman Pontiff”), which excommunicated Martin Luther, a German theologian and monk who had been causing the Roman Catholic Church no end of trouble since 1517.

Martin Luther accused the church for the sale of indulgences. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses or statements dealing with the difference between the beliefs and practices of the church and nailed them on the church door at Wittenburg. 

Martin Luther was a German philosopher, priest, monk and was considered as ‘Father of Protestantism’ for his immense contribution in fighting against Catholic heads and their atrocities and for establishing the protestant community.  

Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingly was a famous religious leader and the most important reformer of Swiss Protestant Reformation. He was born on 01 January 1484 at Wildhaus in the Toggenburg (Switzerland) and died on 11 October 1531 near Kappel (Switzerland). He died in a battle fighting for his city Zurich.

The book 'Institutes of Christian Religion' was written by famous French theologian, pastor and reformer John Calvin. The book was first published in the Latin language in 1536. It is known as the most powerful works of Protestant theology.

Martin Luther wrote a list of 95 theses against indulgences, this was a list of questions and propositions for debate. And on October 31, 1517, Luther nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church.

The Indo-Islamic culture was a result of the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal dynasty in India. During this period a new phase of cultural development began which led to the amalgamation of Turkish, Persian and Arabic culture with native Indian culture. Due to the Indo-Islamic culture various dresses, social services, festivities, musical instruments and languages were introduced which led to the social assimilation of the masses. Composite culture of India which sometimes referred to as the Indo-Islamic culture reflects in the Indo-Islamic architecture as well.

Different religions came to India at different periods. This led to the formation of new ideas in the medieval period. As a result of the mutual influence of these ideas the Bhakti and the Sufi movements emerged.

The composite culture of India has the essence of Indo-Islamic culture. The language of Urdu language took birth due to the cultural and linguistic synthesis during the medieval period. Urdu is basically a mixture of Hindi, Arabic and Persian. It became the common medium of interaction among locals during the medieval period. Urdu rose to prominence during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.

Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day.  Different type of motifs were painted in Islamic architecture in India. Many Indian motifs are visible in the arches such as lotus, bells, swastika, etc.

During the medieval period the Turks, the Afghans, and the Mughal came to India and brought their own culture and religion. Islam spread in India. As a result of constant interaction between old and new religion Indo-Islamic culture developed.  Impact of this culture reflected in language, literature, paintings, architecture, and sculptures.

There are two phases of growth of composite culture as follows: