Evolutionary changes in heart - class-X
Description: evolutionary changes in heart | |
Number of Questions: 34 | |
Created by: Akash Patil | |
Tags: transportation - the circulatory system |
Heart of the prawn carries
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Oxygenated blood
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Deoxygenated blood
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Mixed blood
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No blood
Blood vascular system of prawn is 'open type'. It lacks capillaries and veins. The heart pumps pure blood in arteries, which divide and redivide into very small branches of arteries and open freely in haemocoel. The blood flows through these sinuses or blood lacunae into the entire body. All blood sinuses open into a pair of long but indistinct ventral sinus. Afferent branchial channels carry impure blood from ventral sinuses to gills, where it is purified (oxygen dissolved in water inside gills is taken in blood by diffusion and carbon dioxide present in blood is diffused out in water). The pure blood from each side of gills is conveyed to pericardial sinus by efferent branchial channels and is then returned to the heart. Thus, the heart always contains oxygenated blood, though the arteries contain mixed blood.
The lymph hearts in frog are
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1 pair
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2 pairs
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3 pairs
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Absent
The lymph hearts in frog which carry lymph are two pairs located on dorsal side of frog's body. The front pair is situated below the shoulder blades. The posterior pair is on either side of a long, rod-like bone called as a urostyle. The anterior pair opens into the subclavian vein and the posterior pair into the femoral vein. The pair near the third vertebra pumps lymph into the jugular vein. The other pair at the end of the vertebral column pump lymph into the iliac vein in the legs.
Which aortic arch is absent in a frog?
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1$^{st}$, 2 and 5 th
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3rd and 4th
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3rd, 4th and 5th
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5th and 6th
Since in frogs larva changes into adult by undergoing metamorphosis and for this gills are lost. Thus with the loss of gills, first, second and fifth aortic arches also disappear and only three aortic arches remain functional- carotid arch, systemic arch and pulmonary arch.
Which of the following has a 3 chambered heart?
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Salamander
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Fish
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Crocodile
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Dolphin
Vertebrates have evolved a muscular heart to pump blood to body parts. Fishes have two chambered heart. Birds and mammals have four chambered heart, having two auricles and two ventricles. Reptiles, except crocodile, have three chambered heart. Crocodiles have four chambered heart. Thus Dolphin being a mammal has four chambered heart. Salamander being an amphibian has a three chambered heart.
The chambers in heart of fish are
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1 ventricle and 1 auricle
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1 ventricle and 2 auricles
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2 ventricles and 2 auricles
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2 ventricles and 1 auricle
Fish have 2 chambers, one atrium and one ventricle. Fish hearts draw in deoxygenated blood in a single atrium, and pump it out through a ventricle. This type of system is known as "single circulation type", as blood enters the heart, gets pumped through the gills and out to the body. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
In the heart of the rabbit, the mitral valve is attached to the papillary muscles by
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Chordae tendinae
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Purkinje fibres
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Columnae carnae
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Bundle of His
The chordae tendinae are strong, fibrous strings attached to the leaflets (or cusps) of the heart on the ventricular side i.e., the lower chamber. These strings originate from small mounds of muscle tissue, the papillary muscles, which project inward from the walls of the ventricle. When the cusps close, the chordae tendinae prevent them from swinging back into the atrium cavity (the upper chamber).
Heart of a crocodile is
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Single chambered
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Two chambered
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Three chambered
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Four chambered
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Multi chambered
The heart of a crocodile is different from other reptiles in that it has four chambers just like birds and mammals. Blood is sent to the lungs for gas exchange from the right and from the left ventricle it is pumped to the body. Thus, the two types of blood do not mix in the heart. However, blood is mixed as soon as it leaves the heart via a valve placed in between the right and left aorta.
Heart of rabbit does not have
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Right auricle
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Sinus venosus
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Conus arterious
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Both B and C
Sinus venosus and conus arteriosus are not found in rabbit but they are present in the frog. In rabbits, sinus venosus is formed in the embryo, but later becomes a part of the right wall of the auricle. In rabbits, conus arteriosus forms a part of the upper wall of the right ventricle in which the pulmonary artery originates.
Rate of heart beat in frog is
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72 times per minute
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75 times per minute
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50 times per minute
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64 times per minute
In animals, rate of heart beat is connected with the size of animal. In mammals, smaller animals have higher heart beat. For example, 200 beats per minute in rabbit, 500 beats per minute in sparrow, 28 beats per minute in elephant. In frog, rate of heart beat is 64 per minute. In mammals, maximum heart beat is observed in shrew (800 per minute) and minimum in blue whale (25 per minute).
Heart of fish receive
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Oxygenated blood
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Deoxygenated blood
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Fishes have a 2-chambered heart, with an atrium and a ventricle. In fishes, the heart pumps out deoxygenated blood, which is oxygenated by the gills and supplied to the body parts from where deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart. It is called as single circulation.
Single heart circuit occurs in
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Fishes
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Frog
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Reptiles
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Man
All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart. Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle.
Right atrium of rabbit receives
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Two anterior vena cava
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Two posterior vena cava
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One anterior and one posterior vena cava
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None of the above
Right atrium of the mammalian heart receives deoxygenated blood from anterior (superior) vena cava and posterior (inferior) vena cava. Thus, the right atrium has only deoxygenated blood. After systole, the deoxygenated blood from the right atrium goes to the lung for purification.
Alary muscles in cockroach are associated or connected with
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Trachea
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Heart
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Legs
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Alimentary canal
Alary muscles in cockroach are associated or connected with Heart. These muscles are attached to both dorsal and tergum diaphragm. They are triangular in shape where in the pointed end is attached to the tergum and other end is attached to dorsal diaphragm. The alary muscles are responsible for the circulation of blood. Hence option B is correct.
Heart of fishes is
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Two chambered
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Venous heart
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Both of the above
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None of the above
All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart. Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle.
Heart of cockroach is
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Four chambered
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Ventral to gut
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Longitudinal and beaded
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Three chambered
Cockroach has a 13 chambered longitudinal, thick, muscular and beaded heart. Each chamber receives oxygenated blood through slit like openings called ostia.
Heart of frog differs from that of rabbit by presence of
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Sinus venosus
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Four chambers
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Mitral valve
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Two aortae
Sinus venosus and conus arteriosus are not found in rabbit but they are present in the frog. In the rabbit, sinus venosus is formed in the embryo but later it becomes a part of the wall of the right auricle. So the impure (deoxygenated) blood collected by the precavals and postcavals directly comes into the right auricle. The pure blood brought by the pulmonary veins from the lungs directly come into left auricle.
Single heart circuit occurs in
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Fish
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Frog
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Reptile
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Man
All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart.
The number of chambers in the heart of a frog is
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One
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Two
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Three
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Four
The frog heart has 3 chambers two atria and a single ventricle. The atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the blood vessels (veins) that drain the various organs of the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and skin (which also serves as a gas exchange organ in most amphibians).
In rabbit, oxygenated blood flows from
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Left auricle to left ventricle during auricular systole
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Right auricle to right ventricle during ventricular systole
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Right ventricle to aorta during ventricular systole
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Pulmonary vein to left auricle during auricular systole
The left part of the mammalian heart contains only oxygenated blood. During auricular diastole, the oxygenated blood from the lungs come into left auricle. During auricular systole, the oxygenated blood comes into left ventricle.
The heart of which animal is myogenic in nature?
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Cockroach
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Leech
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Elephant
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All of the above
The heart of an elephant is myogenic, as all the vertebrates have myogenic hearts.
Four chambered heart is present in
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Frog
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Crocodile
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Shark
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Lizard
The number of chambers in the heart of fish are
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One
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Two
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Three
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Four
Papillary muscles are located in
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Ventricle of rabbit
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Dermis of mammalian skin
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Orbit of vertebrate eyes
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Pylorus of vertebrate stomach
Why four-chambered heart is beneficial?
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It increases blood pressure.
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It pumps blood to the lungs more often, so blood is better oxygenated.
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It separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
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It lowers blood pressure and the threat of heart attacks.
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It supplies the brain with more blood for cognition.
In the case of four-chambered heart, there are two atria and two ventricles. The type of blood circulation in such type of heart is called as double circulation, including pulmonary and systemic circulation. The blood enters twice through the heart in this cycle, which prevents the deoxygenated and the oxygenated blood from getting mixed and the circulation is maintained properly.
Which animal has most mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the ventricles?
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Scoliodon
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Rabbit
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Frog
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None of the above
In fishes (e.g., Scoliodon) the heart pumps out deoxygenated blood which is oxygenated by the gills and supplied to the body parts from where deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart (single circulation).
In amphibians (e.g., Frog) and reptiles, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the gills/lungs/skin and the right atrium gets the deoxygenated blood from other body parts. However, they get mixed up in the single ventricle which pumps out mixed blood (incomplete double circulation).
In birds and mammals (e.g., Rabbit), oxygenated and deoxygenated blood received by the left and right atria respectively passes on to the ventricles of the same sides. The ventricles pump it out without any mixing up, i.e., two separate circulatory pathways are present in these organisms, hence, these animals have double circulation.
Heart of elephant is
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Neurogenic
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Myogenic
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Loop of Henle
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Bowman's capsule
The heart of an elephant is myogenic, as all the vertebrates have myogenic hearts. Myogenic contraction refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte cell itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation. For most insects, heart contraction is initiated and regulated predominantly by external nerves; thus, insect hearts are neurogenic. In contrast, vertebrates, tunicates, and some molluscs have myogenic hearts. The heart beat is initiated and regulated by specialized groups of muscle cells.
Starling's law of heart
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Greater the stroke volume, greater is the heart rate
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Greater the initial length of cardiac muscle fibre, more is the force of contraction of heart
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Lesser the length of cardiac muscle fibre, greater the force of contraction
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Greater the minute volume, greater is the heart rate.
The last structure to be reached by a tracer substance injected into a patient's superior vena cava before leaving heart is
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Right ventricle
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Left ventricle
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Pulmonary veins
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Left atrium
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Right atrium
The pathway of the blood in the heart occurs in the following manner:
Carotid labyrinth in frog is present on
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Brain
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Pulmocutaneous trunks
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Carotid artery
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Index finger of frog
The amphibian carotid labyrinth is a characteristic maze-like vascular expansion at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries.
Which of the following vertebrates were the first to evolve a three chambered heart for proper distribution of oxygen in the body?
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Fishes
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Reptiles
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Amphibians
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Birds
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Mammals
In humans, blood vascular system has
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Double circulation
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Venous heart
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Arterial heart
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Arteriovenous heart
Serum is
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Blood minus fibrinogen
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Lymph minus corpuscles
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Lymph
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Blood minus corpuscles and fibrinogen.
Both avian and mammalian hearts are four chambered. The anatomy and physiology of heart is described by
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Blood always enters into an atrium and then is pumped into a ventricle.
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Blood pressure alternates between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
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The atria provide one pump and the ventricles provide a second pump.
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The heart sends blood out through arteries and retrieves blood through veins.
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The heart pumps blood simultaneously through a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.
Double circulation of blood is exhibited exclusively by mammals and aves as they have a four-chambered heart. it includes systemic and pulmonary circulation. Systemic circulation includes pumping of oxygenated blood to the whole body from heart and transport of deoxygenated blood from the body to heart for oxygenation. The pulmonary circuit includes pumping of deoxygenated blood from the heart to lung for oxygenation followed by its pumping to heart. This is how four chambered heart keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate via these two circulations.
Right aortic arch is found in
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Mammals
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Birds
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Mammals and birds
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Reptiles