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Defining lattice energy - class-XI

Description: defining lattice energy
Number of Questions: 33
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Tags: energetics and thermochemistry chemical thermodynamics chemical bonding and molecular structure enthalpy changes thermodynamics chemistry lattice energy
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The stability of an ionic compound is mostly due to:

  1. ionization energy

  2. electron affinity

  3. lattice energy

  4. electronegativity


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Lattice energy is a measure of energy released in ionic crystals when the ions are brought together from infinity. It measures the attraction between ions so that they are held in a position. Ionic compound stability is mostly due to lattice energy.

Decreasing order of lattice energy of $FeO, Fe _2O _3, NaCl$ is:

  1. $NaCl>FeO>Fe _2O _3$

  2. $Fe _2O _3>FeO>NaCl$

  3. $NaCl>FeO=Fe _2O _3$

  4. $Fe _2O _3>NaCl>FeO$


Correct Option: B

The magnitude of the lattice energy of a soild increases if:

  1. the ions are large

  2. the ions are small

  3. the ions are of equal size

  4. charges on the ions are small


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge on the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions.  Smaller the size, greater is the lattice energy.

The higher lattice energy corresponds to 

  1. ${\rm{MgO}}$

  2. ${\rm{CaO}}$

  3. $4{\rm{SrO}}$

  4. ${\rm{BaO}}$


Correct Option: B

Maximum lattice enthalpy is present in

  1. $K _{2}O$

  2. $CaO$

  3. $Al _{2}O _{3}$

  4. $KCl$


Correct Option: D

The melting point of a material with low binding energy is:

  1. high

  2. low

  3. infinity

  4. negative


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The melting point of a material with low binding energy is low. When, the binding energy is low, the attraction between the valence electron and the nucleus is low. This also means that the intermolecular attraction is low. Hence, the melting point is low.

Which pair is not correct order of lattice energy?

  1. $KCI > MgO$

  2. $AlN > MgO$

  3. $BeCO _3 > MgCO _3$

  4. $KCI < MgO$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lattice Energy is directly proportional to the charge on the ions and inversely proportional the size of the ions. As size decreases, lattice energy increases. So $MgO$ have higher lattice energy than $KCl$.

The relation between the magnitudes of lattice energy of crystal and its formation energy is:

  1. lattice energy > formation energy

  2. lattice energy $=$ formation energy

  3. lattice energy < formation energy

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lattice energy is the energy required to break apart an ionic solid and convert its component atoms into gaseous ions. The value of the lattice energy to always be positive.

Also, enthalpy of lattice formation is defined as the energy released when gaseous ions bind to form an ionic solid. The value is negative but has the same magnitude as lattice energy.
Hence, $B$ is correct.

If $Na^+$ ion is larger than $Mg^{2+}$ ion, and $S ^{2-}$ion is larger than $Cl^{-}$ ion, which of the following will be less soluble in water?

  1. $NaCl$

  2. $Na _{2}S$

  3. $MgCl _{2}$

  4. $MgS$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The lattice energy of a salt  gives a rough indication of the solubility of the salt in water because it reflects the energy needed to separate the positive and negative ions in a salt. Sodium and potassium salts are soluble in water because they have relatively small lattice energies. Magnesium and aluminum salts are often much less soluble because it takes more energy to separate the positive and negative ions in these salts.

When sodium and chlorine react, energy is:

  1. released and ionic bond is formed.

  2. released and covalent bond is formed.

  3. absorbed and covalent bond is formed.

  4. absorbed and ionic bond is formed.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When sodium and chlorine react, an ionic bond is formed, and formation of ionic bond is fast and exothermic.

Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon:

  1. charge on the ion and size of the ion

  2. packing of ions only

  3. size of the ion only

  4. charge on the ion only


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lattice energy of ionic compound is directly proportional to charge on the ion and inversely propotional to size of ion.

Which of the following has higher lattice energy -$Al _2O _3$ or $Al _2Se _3$?

  1. $Al _2O _3$ > $Al _2Se _3$

  2. $Al _2O _3$ < $Al _2Se _3$

  3. $Al _2O _3$ = $Al _2Se _3$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lattice Energy is directly proportional to the charge on the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. The two species have the same charge but the size of $Se$ is greater than $O$. Hence lattoce energy of $Al _2O _3$ is greater than $Al _3Se _3$.

Which has larger lattice energy among $ZnO$ and $NaCl$?

  1. $ZnO$ > $NaCl$

  2. $ZnO$ < $NaCl$

  3. $ZnO$ = $NaCl$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lattice Energy is directly proportional to the charge on the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. There are two factors at work here. The main factor is the charge on the ions. In $ZnO$, both positive and negative ions carry two charges. In $NaCl$, they only carry one. The lattice energy is much greater in $ZnO$ than in $NaCl$.

The addition of energy in the form of heat causes molecules or crystals of the substance to break up into ions.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The breaking up of a compound into simpler constituents that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions. In electrolytic, or ionic, dissociation, the addition of a solvent or of energy in the form of heat causes molecules or crystals of the substance to break up into ions (electrically charged particles).

Which shows the highest lattice energy?

  1. $RbF$

  2. $CsF$

  3. $NaF$

  4. $KF$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$NaF$  shows the highest lattice energy.Smaller the size of cation, more is attraction among ions. The bond between ions of opposite charge is strongest when the ions are small.The lattice energies for the alkali metal halides is therefore, largest.

Based on lattice energy and other considerations which one of the following alkali metal chloride has the highest melting point ?

  1. $KCl$

  2. $RhCl$

  3. $LiCl$

  4. $NaCl$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Comparison of melting points of ionic compounds is generally done by considering the following two factors:

  1. Charge of the cation/anion  : More the charge of cation or anion, stronger will be the forces of attraction between the ions and higher will be the melting point.
  2. Ionic radii: More the distance between ions, lesser will be the strength of the bond giving rise to lesser melting point.                                              
Going by the above rules, the order should have been:
LiCl > NaCl > KC l> RbCl  
(Since charges of the ions are same for each molecule and cationic radius increases down the group.)
But $LiCl$, due to excessive polarization, exhibits high covalent character and is placed last in the order. Hence, the new order would be:
NaCl > KCl > RbCl > LiCl
The other ions, being similar in size to chloride ions, do not undergo much polarization.

Which compound processes the greatest lattice energy?

  1. $LiBr$

  2. $LiCl$

  3. $LiI$

  4. $LiF$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Among the halides of lithium, $LiF$ has highest lattice energy due to similar sizes of cation and anion which results in efficient packing in the crystal structure.

Select the correct order of lattice energy.

  1. $LiF\, <\, LiBr\, <\, LiI$

  2. $LiCl\, >\, LiBr\, >\, LiI$

  3. $LiCl\, >\, NaCl\, >\, KCl$

  4. $BeCO _3\, <\, MgCO _3\, <\, SrCO _3\, <\, BaCO _3$


Correct Option: B,C
Explanation:

The lattice energy decreases in the order $LiCl\, >\, LiBr\, >\, LiI$. 

As the size of the anion increases from chloride to iodide, the lattice energy decreases.
The lattice energy decreases in the order $LiCl\, >\, NaCl\, >\, KCl$. 
As the size of the cation increases from lithium to potassium, the lattice energy decreases.

Lattice energy of ionic compounds depend upon:

  1. packing of ions only

  2. charge and size of ions

  3. charge on ion only

  4. size of ions only


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lattice energy is defined as the heat of formation for ions of opposite charge in the gas phase to combine into an ionic solid. It is directly proportional to the charge on the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. 

Which of the following compounds will have the largest lattice energy?

  1. $AlBr _3$

  2. $CaO$

  3. $LiBr$

  4. $MgBr _2$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Among the cations, $Al^{3+},\ Ca^{2+},\ Li^{+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$ has the highest charge. Hence, $AlBr _3$ has the highest lattice energy. The lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge on the ion and inversely proportional to the size of the ion. 

The lattice energies of the oxidies of $Mg,Ca,Sr \;$ and $\;Ba$ follow the order:

  1. $BaO\;>\;SrO\;>\;CaO\;>MgO$

  2. $CaO\;>\;BaO\;>\;SrO\;>\;MgO$

  3. $MgO\;>\;SrO\;>\;CaO\;>\;BaO$

  4. $MgO\;>\;CaO\;>\;SrO\;>\;BaO$

Correct Option: D

The order of increasing lattice energy of the following compounds is :

  1. $NaCl\;<\;CaO\;<\;NaBr\;<\;BaO$

  2. $NaBr\;<\;NaCl\;<\;BaO\;<\;CaO$

  3. $NaCl\;<\;NaBr\;<\;BaO\;<\;CaO$

  4. $NaBr\;<\;NaCl\;<\;CaO\;<\;BaO$


Correct Option: B

From the following sequence calculate the lattice energy of AB(s):
$A(s)\rightarrow A(g)+e$;      $610\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$
$B(g)+e\rightarrow B(g);$      $-260\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$
$A(s)+B(g)\rightarrow AB(s);$      $-569\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$

  1. $-219$

  2. $-919$

  3. $+1539$

  4. $+301$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The lattice energy of a crystalline solid is usually defined as the energy of formation of the crystal from infinitely-separated ions, molecules, or atoms. 
let the equations be 1, 2 and 3.
We will get the lattice energy by  $3-2-1 $= $-569+260-610$ $= -919$

The lattice energies of $KF,KCl,KBr \;$ and $\;KI$ follows the order:

  1. $KF>KCl>KBr>KI$

  2. $KI>KBr>KCL>KF$

  3. $KF>KCl>KI>Br$

  4. $KI>KBr>KF>KCl$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge of the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. Thus lattice energy increases as the size of anion decreases. 

Strength of ionic bond depends on lattice energy.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Bond strength mostly depends on the charges present on each ion and the distance between them.Small, highly charged ions will form stronger bonds while large,minimally charged ions will form weaker bonds.

Identify the correct order of lattice energies.

  1. $CsCl < RbCl < KCl < NaCl$

  2. $KCl > CaCl _2 > AlCl _3$

  3. $NaCl < LiCl < MgCl _2 < AlCl _3$

  4. $LiCl > NaCl < MgCl _2 < AlCl _3$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
$I^{st}$ group elements lattice energy is inversly proportional to radius and directly proportional to charge.
According to question all compounds have same charge but radius differs.
The order of radius is $Cs>Rb>K>Na$ 
So order of lattice energy is $CsCl<RbCl<KCl<NaCl$

The lattice energy of four ionic compounds $W, X, Y,$ and $Z$ are measured. The energies are found to be $-922\ kJ/mol, -769\ kJ/mol, -718\ kJ/ mol,$ and $-688\ kJ/mol$ respectively.
The four ionic, compounds are $NaCl, NaF, KBr$, and $KCl$.
Which of these ionic compounds could be identified as compound X based on the lattice energy?

  1. $NaCl$

  2. $NaF$

  3. $KBr$

  4. $KCl$


Correct Option: A

Boiling point of a substance is based on the intermolecular and intramolecular forces which in turn determine the lattice energy of a substance.
Which of the following substance would have the highest boiling point?

  1. $NaCl$

  2. $Hg$

  3. $AlF _{3}$

  4. $H _{2}O$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$NaCl$ will have the highest boiling point as it is the strongest ionic compound present in the given options. $NaCl$ have strong interionic forces as $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ attracts each other very strongly which results in an increase in the compactness of the molecule, further its lattice enthalpy.

We have all heard the phrase "opposites attract but like repels." This is especially true for ionic compounds.
Which one of the following has the largest lattice energy as a result of this attraction?

  1. $LiCl$

  2. $NaCl$

  3. $K _{2}O$

  4. $MgCl _{2}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$LiCl$. $Li^+$ due to its small size and has high polarizing power and attracts the electron cloud of $Cl^-$ towards itself which results in high lattice energy of the molecule.

Considering only  lattice enthalpy, arrange them in the increasing order of their stability:
$NaCl$ , $MgCl _{2}$ , $MgO$

  1. $NaCl$ , $MgO$, $MgCl _{2}$

  2. $NaCl$ , $MgCl _{2}$ , $MgO$

  3. $MgCl$, $MgO$, $MgCl _{2}$

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lattice enthalpy is a measure of the strength of the forces between the ions in an ionic solid. The greater the lattice enthalpy, the stronger the forces. 

Lattice enthalpy of $ NaCl $ = $787kJ/mol$
Lattice enthalpy of $ MgO $ = $3826kJ/mol$
Lattice enthalpy of $Mg{ Cl } _{ 2 }$= $+2534kJ/mol$

The correct order of the lattice energies of the following ionic compound is :

  1. $NaCl > MgBr _2 > CaO > Al _2O3$

  2. $NaCl > CaO > MgBr _2 > Al _2O _3
    $

  3. $Al _2O _3 > MgBr _2 > CaO > NaCl$

  4. $Al _2O _3 > CaO > MgBr _2 > NaCl$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Charge matter in lattice energy so here $Al^{+3}, Ca^{+2}, Mg^{+2}, Na^+$ and $O^{-2}$ & $Br^{-1}$
So $cao>MgBr _2 \Rightarrow$ overall order $Al _2O _3>Cao>MgBr _2>NaCl.$

$MgO$ has a high melting point because due to the highly charged ions, ionic force is strong and lattice energy is........

  1. High

  2. Low

  3. Both are

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

lattice energy is high

In magnesium oxide, both magnesium and oxygen atoms form ions in the lattice. Due to the higher magnitude of the charge on the magnesium and oxygen atoms, the force of attraction between them is very high. This provides them with very high lattice energy and a lot of energy is required to break this lattice. Hence the melting point of $MgO$ is high. Therefore both the statements are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1

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