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Experiments on photosynthesis - gases - class-X

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Which of the following scientists concluded by his experiments that green plant play a role in  purifying the noxious air only in the presence of sunlight?
  1. Priestley

  2. Ingenhousz

  3. Sachs

  4. Engelmann


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Jan Ingenhousz (1730-1799), in his experiment with an aquatic plant, showed that in bright sunlight, small bubbles were formed around the green parts while in the dark, no such bubbles formed. He found out these bubbles to be of oxygen. He thus, confirmed that purification of air or formation of dephlogiston is carried out by green plants only in presence of sunlight. 

The process in which liquid water changes into gas is called

  1. Precipitation

  2. Condensation

  3. Evaporation

  4. Transpiration


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sun derives the water cycle, heats up water in ocean and seas, and then water vapours evaporate to air. As the vapours move upward the cool temperature there causes it to condense into clouds and they fall as precipitate like rain, hailstone etc.

It is advantageous to use a water plant to demonstrate photosynthesis other than a land plant because

  1. It photosynthesize rapidly

  2. It respires slowly

  3. It does not transpire

  4. O$ _2$ bubbles from cut water plant can be collected over H$ _2 $O


Correct Option: C

The chemical compound used in the experiment to show that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis is

  1. KOH.

  2. NaOH.

  3. KHCO$ _{3}$.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: C

In 1772, Joseph Priestley demonstrated that

  1. Plants foul the air

  2. Animals purify the air during day time

  3. Plants and animals restore air for each other

  4. Plants get killed in the air produced by animals


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen which is used by the plant and animals. He demonstrated that plants liberate oxygen as a product during photosynthesis and that oxygen is utilised by the animals during respiration. Further, plant consumes the carbon dioxide, exhaled by the animals, to carry out photosynthesis. Thus plants and animals restore air for each other.
So the correct answer is 'Plants and animals restore air for each other'.

Hydrilla leaf is used in an experiment to test that

  1. Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

  2. Light is necessary for photosynthesis.

  3. CO$ _{2}$ is necessary for photosynthesis.

  4. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

To test that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis few fresh Hydrilla plants in a glass beaker filled with water. A pinch of KHCO$ _{3}$ is added to it. It is kept in sunlight. After some time some bubbles (oxygen) escapes from the plant. This proves that oxygen is produced during the photosynthesis. It is evolved during the light reaction of the photosynthesis.

So, the correct answer is option D.

How many molecules of water are needed by a green plant to produce one molecule of hexose reduce $6$ molecules of $CO _{2}$?

  1. $6$

  2. $12$

  3. $24$

  4. Only one


Correct Option: A

Oxygen evolution takes place during photosynthesis in green plants but not in bacterial photosynthesis, because _________________.

  1. Bacteria are prokaryotic and green plants are eukaryotic

  2. Only photo system I is present in bacterial photosynthesis

  3. Bacterial cell wall composition is different from green plant cell wall

  4. Rate of $O _2$ consumption in bacteria is higher than that in green plants


Correct Option: A

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer.

List-I List-II
a. Richnmond lang effect $1$. Reversal of red-drop
b. Emerson effect $2$. Inhabitation of glycolysis by oxygen
c. Pasteur effect $3$. Inhibition of photosynthesis by oxygen
d. Warburg effect $4$. Senscescence retardation in detached leaves
  1. A-$1$, B-$4$, C-$2$, D-$3$

  2. A-$4$, B-$1$, C-$3$, D-$2$

  3. A-$1$, B-$4$, C-$3$, D-$2$

  4. A-$4$, B-$1$, C-$2$, D-$3$


Correct Option: A

The upper dormant seeds of cocklebur(Xanthium) germinate only under high oxygen levels. The oxygen is required for _______________.

  1. Degradation of inhibitors

  2. Synthesis of promoters

  3. Respiration

  4. Photorespiration


Correct Option: A
Ingenhousz in an experiment showed that in bright sunlight, small bubbles were formed around the green parts of the plant, while in the dark, they did not. He identified these bubbles to be of ____________.
  1. $CO _{2}$

  2. $H _{2} O $

  3. $O _{2} $

  4. $H _{2} $


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Jan Ingenhousz (1730-1799), in his experiment with an aquatic plant, showed that in bright sunlight, small bubbles were formed around the green parts while in the dark, no such bubbles formed. He found out these bubbles to be of oxygen. He thus, confirmed that purification of air or formation of dephlogiston is carried out by green plants only in presence of sunlight. 

A beaker is filled with water and twigs of Hydrilla are inserted in the funnel so that the cut ends are in the tube of the funnel and the funnel is put in the water. Then a test tube full of water is inverted over the inverted funnel. Air bubbles from the plant collect at the tip of the tube. This experiment demonstrates that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis. But, if boiled water is used instead of pond water in which Hydrilla grows, then?

  1. Air bubbles are not produced

  2. Air bubbles are produced in large numbers

  3. Only a few air bubbles are produced

  4. Only one air bubble is produced


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

If boiled water is used in the test tube, there will be no air bubbles. This is hydrilla cannot survive the high temperature of boiled water. 

So, option A is the correct answer.

Before setting up an experiment to show that seeds release $CO _{2}$ during respiration, the
seeds should be :

  1. dried completely.

  2. boiled to make them soft.

  3. soaked in vinegar.

  4. kept moist till they germinate.


Correct Option: D

Four sets of three precautions to be taken while setting up the experiment to show that $CO _{2}$ is evolved during respiration are given below. Find the correct set of precautions.

  1. Airtight setup, delivery tube dips in water in beaker, germinating seeds in flask

  2. Thread holding KOH pellets, airtight flask, delivery tube just above the water level in the beaker

  3. Germinated seeds completely under the water in the flask, experimental setup not airtight, delivery tube above water level.

  4. Delivery tube touching the bottom of the beaker, KOH pellets kept along with germinating seeds at the bottom of the flask, seeds should not germinate.


Correct Option: B

A student sets up the apparatus for the experiment to show that $CO _{2}$ is released during
respiration. After two hours he would observe :

  1. KOH turning milky

  2. water level rising in the bent tube in the beaker.

  3. water level decreasing in the bent tube

  4. no change in water level in the bent tube.


Correct Option: B

Seeds that are taken in the flask during respiration experiment must be :

  1. Just wet

  2. Boiled

  3. Dry

  4. Germinating


Correct Option: D

What happens if the process of photosynthesis in plants for the formation of carbohydrate ?

  1. Reduction of $O _2$

  2. Reduction of $N _2$

  3. Reduction of $CO _2$

  4. Oxidation of $H _@$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Formation of glucose by the unitlization of 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 12 molecules of water in presence of sunlight in chloroplast is called Photosynthesis. In this process Water is oxidized (loses electrons) in  and carbon dioxide is reduced(gains electrons).
So, the correct option is 'Reduction of CO2'.

To show that $CO _{2}$ is released during respiration we take

  1. Dry seeds

  2. Boiled seeds

  3. Germinating seeds

  4. Wet seeds


Correct Option: C

In the experiment to show that $CO _{2}$, is given out during respiration the chemical filled in the small test tube is :

  1. alcohol

  2. KOH

  3. lime water

  4. iodine solution


Correct Option: B

Moll's half experiment is performed to show that

  1. Light is needed for photosynthesis.

  2. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis.

  3. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.

  4. CO$ _{2}$ is needed for photosynthesis.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

CO$ _{2}$ is needed for photosynthesis is shown by Moll's half leaf experiment. In this experiment, only that part of the leaf will show blue color which was present outside the bottle because they are able to take carbon dioxide from the stomata of the leaf.

So, the correct answer is option D.

In Moll's half leaf experiment, only that part of leaf will show blue colour which was ........... the bottle.

  1. Inside

  2. Outside

  3. Whole leaf shows blue coloration

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Path of carbon in photosynthesis was found by using 

  1. Centrifugation

  2. Radio isotopes

  3. Fractionation

  4. Chromatography


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Calvin cycle is used for the fixation of carbon dioxide to produce glucose. Radioactive isotopes of carbon (C-14) and phosphorus (P-32) was used to trace the path for the carbon assimilation. A photosynthesizing plant does not strongly discriminate between the most abundant natural carbon isotope C-12 and C-14. During photosynthesis in the presence of 14$CO _2$, the compounds formed become labeled with the radioisotope.

So, the correct answer is option B.

During day time, CAM(Crassulacean acid metabolizing): Plants procure $CO 2$ for photosynthesis from ____________.

  1. Pyruvic acid

  2. Oxaloacetic acid

  3. Oxalic acid

  4. Malic acid


Correct Option: A

Given below are assertions and reasons. Point out if both are true with reason being correct explanation (A), both true but reason is not correct explanation (B), assertion true but reason is wrong (C), both are wrong (D).
Assertion. Under conditions of high intensity and limited $CO _2$ supply, photorespiration has a useful role in protecting the plants from photo-oxidative damage.
Reason. If enough $CO _2$ is not available to utilise light energy for carboxylation to proceed, the excess energy may not cause damage to plants

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D


Correct Option: D
Moll's half - leaf experiment proves that _________ is essential for photosynthesis to take place. 
  1. chlorophyll

  2. $CO _{2} $

  3. light

  4. $H _{2} O $


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In Moll's half leaf experiment a destarched plant is used.Half part of one of the leaves from the plant is inserted into a corked bottle containing either KOH solution or KOH palletes. The plant is then placed in sunlight for a few hours. The leaf is then tested for starch with iodine solution. Part of the leaf that was inserted in the bottle does not turn blue or test positive for starch. This is because $CO _2$ present in the bottle was aborbed by KOH and the bottle was corked to prevent any entry of air.Proving that $CO _2$ is essential for photosynthesis.

So, the correct answer is $CO _2$


Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Molls experiment demonstrates the necessity of which of the following in photosynthesis

  1. water

  2. oxygen

  3. carbon dioxide

  4. chlorophyll


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Molls experiment evidently shows that plants do not form starch when carbon dioxide is not at their disposal, all the carbon dioxide contained in the bottle having been absorbed by the caustic potash solution.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Carbon dioxide.'

Photochemical phase does not include 
  1. light absorption

  2. water splitting and $ O _{2}$ release

  3. ATP and NADPH formation

  4. $CO _{2}$ fixation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The complete process of photosynthesis is studied under two phases - photochemical phase and biosynthetic phase. Photochemical phase involves absorption of light energy, photolysis of water with the release of $O _{2}$ and production of assimilatory power (i.e. ATP + NADPH).$CO _{2} $ fixation occurs during biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis. 

In the experiment " To show that $CO _{2}$ is given out during respiration" the water level in the bent tube rise after sometime because

  1. germinating seeds consume all the $O _{2}$ and $CO _{2}$ in the flask.

  2. the germinating seeds consume $O _{2}$ and give out $CO _{2}$ which is absorbed by a chemical filled in the small test tube.

  3. $CO _{2}$ is given out by the germinating seeds.

  4. seeds need water for germination and grow.


Correct Option: B
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