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Harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations - class-XI

Description: harmful effects and safety precautions for radiations
Number of Questions: 30
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Tags: physics energy energy production chemistry nuclear physics
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Nuclear force is communicated from one nucleon to another via a particle called.

  1. Pion

  2. Muon

  3. Kaon

  4. Quark


Correct Option: A

Carbon dating is

  1. a process to determine the age of archaeological samples

  2. a medicine for treatment of cancer

  3. a process to determine the age of a meteorite

  4. a process of treatment of diseases in animals


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Carbon dating is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (${}^{14}C$), a radioactive isotope of carbon. 

Fill in the blank.
__________ arises from the 'burning' of uranium fuel in a nuclear reactor. 

  1. Low-level- waste

  2. High-level waste

  3. Intermediate level waste

  4. Very low level waste


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

High level waste 

High level radioactive waste are highly radioactive materials produced as a by product of the nuclear reactions that occurs inside the nuclear reactor. 

The degree and kind of damage due to radiation varies in which of the following ways?

  1. kind of radiation

  2. duration of exposure

  3. amount of radiation

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All of the above 

The degree of damage due to radiation depends on kind of radiation, duration of exposure and amount of radiation. 

The wastes generated from hospitals and industry, as well as the nuclear fuel cycle are generally known as 

  1. High-level waste

  2. Low-level waste

  3. Intermediate-level waste

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Low level waste 

Waste contaminated with radioactive material, from hospitals like needle, syringes, medical tubes etc and from industries comes under low level waste. 

Currently, nuclear power provides approximately ___ of the world's energy.

  1. Less than 1%

  2. About 11%

  3. About one-third

  4. Nearly 75%


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nuclear energy now provides about 11% of the worlds electricity from about 450 nuclear power reactors. 

Match the following :

Radio isotope Cures disease
i) Radio sodium a) Thyroid gland
ii) Radio phosphorus b) Cancer
iii) Radio cobalt circulation c) Blocks in blood
iv) Radio iodine d) Leukamia
  1. i-c, ii-b, iii-a, iv-d

  2. i-a, ii-c, iii-b,iv-d

  3. i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a

  4. i-d, ii-b, iii-c, iv-a


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Thyroid disease is cured using - Radio Iodine
Cancer - Radioactive Cobalt circulation (Chemo)
Blocks in blood - Radio Sodium
Leukemia - Radio Phosphorus
Hence option C is correct.

Fill in the blank.

Radioactive contamination can enter the body through ____________.

  1. inhalation

  2. ingestion

  3. absorption 

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

D

Radioactive contamination can enter into the body through inhalation, ingestion and absorption. It causes serious biological effects to our body. Radioactive waves are capable to enter the body directly through penetration. It can also be inhaled or ingested. 

Spent fuel rods and obsolete nuclear weapons are examples of 

  1. decommissioned waste

  2. high-level nuclear waste

  3. low-level nuclear waste

  4. recycled nuclear waste

  5. itinerant nuclear waste


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

High level nuclear waste 

High level radioactive waste are the highly radioactive materials that produced as a byproduct of the reactions that occur inside nuclear reactor. Spent fuel and obsolete nuclear weapons are example of high lever nuclear waste. 

Which type of bag is general waste put into?

  1. Containers lined with black bags

  2. Containers lined with clear bags

  3. Sharp containers

  4. Containers lined with yellow bags


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Containers lined with black bags 

A typical black bin bag used for general waste. 

The rad is the correct unit used to report the measurement of 

  1. the rate of decay of radioactive source

  2. the ability of a beam of gamma ray photons to produce ions in a target

  3. the energy delivered by radiation to a target.

  4. the biological effect of radiation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Rad is the unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation. One rad is equal approximately to the absorbed dose delivered when soft tissue is exposed to one-roentgen of medium-voltage radiation.  Thus this is the bilogical effect of radiation. 

Radiation exposure comes from

  1. Background Sources

  2. Manmade sources

  3. Medical processes

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Because of Man made processes , there will be radiation exposure. For example we can take bricks , it causes radiation

Because of Medical processes , we will get several radiation exposures . For example X ray radiation etc
Background sources also causes radiation
Therefore option $D$ is correct

The various types of nuclear reactors that have been constructed to furnish heat for the production of steam differ from each other in what ways? 

  1. In what kind of moderator is used

  2. How the reactor core is cooled

  3. How the heat energy is used to generate steam

  4. They can differ in all of the above ways


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

They can differ in all the above ways 

A nuclear reactor can be classified depends on the moderator used, reactor core cooling method, use of heat energy and many more. 

The natural uranium ore is processed and enriched at the Nuclear Fuel complex at

  1. Kolkata

  2. Mumbai

  3. Hyderabad

  4. none of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nuclear fuel complex is located in Hyderabad. It was established in 1971 as a major industrial unit of India's Department of Atomic Energy.

Which of the following hazards is not associated with a liquid metal breeder reactor (LMFBR)?

  1. little fissionable material is formed

  2. a sodium explosion occurs if it comes in contact with water

  3. the plutonium by-product can be made into nuclear weapons and, therefore, poses a security risk

  4. all of the above are hazards associated with the LMFBR


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A

Liquid Metal Fast brecedes reactor (LMFBR) is a nuclear reactor capable of producing more fissile product than it takes in. 

The effective area of a black body is 0.1 $m^2$ and its temperature is 1000 K. The amount of radiations emitted by it per min is -

  1. 1.34 k-cal

  2. 81 k-cal

  3. 5.63 k-cal

  4. 1.34 k-J.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$\begin{array}{l} \dfrac { { d\emptyset  } }{ { dt } } =A6T{ Y^{ 4 } } \ =81\, \, kcal \end{array}$

India's first atomic power station is

  1. BARC

  2. Tarapur atomic power station

  3. Narora atomic power station

  4. none of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.A.P.S) was the first nuclear power plant in India. The construction of the plant was started in 1962 and the plant went operation in 1969. It is the world's oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation. It was build for the departments of Atomic Energy by General Electric and Bechtel.

In India, uranium is found in

  1. U.P.

  2. M.P.

  3. Bihar

  4. Orissa


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bihar 

 The earliest reference to a uranium mineral in India appeared in a German publication in 1860 in which Emil Stoehr recorded its occurrence at Lapso hill Singhbhum District, Bihar. The most important minerals of uranium has been located around Jadugora, Singbhum District of BIhar.






What percentage of energy requirement of India is met by nuclear power stations?

  1. 3%

  2. 5%

  3. 10%

  4. 20%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

3%

Nuclear reactor provide 3 per cent of the total electricity generation. Despite its rather meagre contribution, nuclear energy holds sustantive promise from the perspective of meeting India's humbingous energy needs in a secure, sustainable low carbon way.

Identify the correct statement/statements :
a) Radiation causes genetic mutation
b) Restriction in blood circulation can be detected using radio-iodine
c) Hydrocarbon plastics are used as moderators in a nuclear reactor
d) The damage caused due to $\alpha$-radiation is small due to its small penetrating power

  1. a,b,c

  2. a,c,d

  3. b,c,d

  4. a,b,d


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

a]  is true
c]  fast neutrons produced collides with the particles of
     moderator to slow down
d]  penetration power of $\alpha$ particle is smallest

Which statement describe general waste?

  1. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital includes common items found in household garbage.

  2. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital is different and must be treated in special ways

  3. Much of the general waste at St. Paul's Hospital is not the same as other garbage and is dangerous if not disposed of properly

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Much of the general waste at At. Paul hospital includes common items found in household garbage. 

General waste also called residual waste is material from business and household that can be recycled. 

Which of the following element(s) is not essential for life to originate and flourish on a planet?

  1. carbon

  2. hydrogen and oxygen

  3. nitrogen

  4. uranium


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Uranium is the element which is not essential for life to originate and flourish on a planet.

An atom bomb is based on the principle of

  1. nuclear bomb

  2. nuclear fusion

  3. the liquid drop model

  4. none of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A

Atom bomb is based on the principles of nuclear bomb. When the nuclear bomb detonated gamma rays and X-rays emitted it to thermonuclear temperatures. The ensuing fission reaction creates enormous numbers of high speed neutrons, which can then induce fission in materials not normally prone to it, such as depleted uranium. 

PPE is 

  1. equipments for handling radioactive waste.

  2. equipments for handling radioactive substance.

  3. Personal Protective Equipment

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

PPE is personal protective equipment refers to protective clothing, goggles, helmets or other garments required to protect the wearer's body from injury and infection. The purpose of PPE is to reduce employee exposure to hazards.

Which of the following is followed while handling the radioactive materials?

  1. Wearing protective clothing.

  2. Keeping as far away as is practicable - for example, by using tongskeeping

  3. Keeping radioactive materials in lead-lined containers,

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

D

While handling with radioactive materials we must wear protective clothing and keep it as far as possible. The radioactive materials must be in a lead lined contained because the gamma rays emitting from the radioactive material can be prevented using lead lined materials only. 

Why should a radioactive substance not be touched by hand?

  1. It is hot

  2. It is very cold

  3. It can harm our body

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Because it emits a lot of harmful radiations that penetrate our body and cause serious damage to the cells.

In the process of Radio active decay the correct example is _____.

  1. $ _6C^{14} \xrightarrow[of \,\propto \,particle]{emission} { _7C^{15}}$

  2. $ _6C^{14} \xrightarrow[of \,\propto \,particle]{emission} { _7N^{15}} + 1e$

  3. $ _6C^{14} \xrightarrow[of \,\propto \,particle]{Absorption} { _7N^{15}}$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: D

What safety precautions that you would take while handling the radioactive substances?

  1. Always wear gloves

  2. Don't wear gloves

  3. Wear a proper coat provided in lab

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A,C
Explanation:
While handling the radioactive substances,
$\rightarrow$ Always wear gloves.
$\rightarrow$ Wear proper coats provided in the labs.
$\rightarrow$ Keep personal items like handbags, lunchboxes etc. outside the lab.

Two radioactive samples $A$ and $B$ have half lives ${T} _{1}\ and {T} _{2}\left ({T} _{1}>{T} _{2}\right)$ respectively. At $t = 0$, the activity of $B$ was twice the activity of $A$. Their activity will become equal after a time 

  1. $\dfrac {{T} _{1}{T} _{2}}{{T} _{1}-{T} _{2}}$

  2. $\dfrac {{T} _{1}-{T} _{2}}{2}$

  3. $\dfrac {{T} _{1}+{T} _{2}}{2}$

  4. $\dfrac {{T} _{1}{T} _{2}}{{T} _{1}+{T} _{2}}$


Correct Option: A

The people working with radioactive materials should put on special

  1. iron lined aprons and copper gloves.

  2. silver lined aprons and silver gloves.

  3. lead lined aprons and lead gloves

  4. any of the above can be used.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The people working with radioactive naturals are required to follow strictly the safety rules like they should put on special lead lined aprons and lead gloves. They should handle the radioactive naturals with long lead tongs.

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