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Centrifugation - class-X

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Mark the statement which is not a significant application of centrifugation.

  1. Used in squeezing clothes in washing machines

  2. Used for seperating cream from milk

  3. Used in laboratories for testing blood/urine

  4. All of the above are application of centrifugation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The particles which are very small and can easily pass through can be separated by centrifugation. In this, the denser particles settle down and the lighter particles stay at the top.
Hence, all the options are the applications of centrifugation. 
In this method, suspended particles is rotated at a high speed in a centrifuge.

What is the difference between full cream milk, standard milk, toned, double toned milk?

  1. Amount of fat

  2. Difference in colour

  3. Difference in type of centifugation method used

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Milk with different fat contains is available in the market. Full cream milk contains 6% of fat. Standard milk contains 3% fat double and toned milk contains 1% fat.

Nowadays we get full cream, toned and double-toned varieties of milk placed in polypacks or tetra packs in the market. What is the basic concept behind this?

  1. Distillation

  2. Centrifugation

  3. Decantation

  4. Sedimentation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Centrifugation method is also used for separating cream from milk. When milk is rotated at high speed, the cream collects at the centre and is removed through an outlet.

Centrifugation is used for :
(a) particles which can't be seperated by filteration.
(b) particles which pass through a filter paper.
(c) seperating cream from milk.

  1. a, b, c

  2. a, b

  3. a, c

  4. b, c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a technique of separation cream from milk. This is used for particles which are very small and can easily pass through filter paper for particles which can't be seperated by filtration.

In centrifugation :

  1. denser particles settle down

  2. lights particles stay at it top

  3. there are no distinction between lights or denser particles

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In centrifugation, denser particles settle down at the bottom of it container and the lighter particles stay at the top. Suspended particles are rotated at a high speed.

In centrifugation, the mixture containing suspended particles are rotated :

  1. at very slow speed

  2. at high speed

  3. at moderate speed

  4. it varies


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The mixture containing suspended particles are rotated at high sped. Thus the denser particles settle down and lighter particle stay at the top.

Principle of centrifugation is :

  1. denser particles stay at the top and the lighter particles are forced to the bottom

  2. lighter particle stay at the top and the denser particles are forced to the bottom

  3. high speed rotation increases the velocity of particles and make them charged

  4. particles become weightless due to high speed rotation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The principle behind centrifugation is that the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at it top when spin rapidly.

A ___________ is a centrifugal device that separates milk into cream and skimmed milk.

  1. condenser

  2. sublime

  3. separator

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A separator is a centrifugal device that separates milk into cream and skimmed milk. When spun, the heavier milk is pulled outward against the walls of the separator and the cream, which is lighter, collects in the middle.

Blood cells are separated from plasma (the liquid part of blood) by :

  1. distillation

  2. centrifugation

  3. sedimentation

  4. chromatography


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A centrifuge is a spinning machine, a bit like a clothes dryer, that separates materials. A mixture of liquids and solids is spun at high speed in a tube. The larger, denser particles sink and collect at the bottom. Light particles collect at the top. Blood cells are separated from plasma (the liquid part of blood) by this method.

Butter from curd can be removed by :

  1. sedimentation

  2. centrifugation

  3. filteration

  4. all of above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In the method of centrifugation, the centripetal and centrifugal forces are used to separate lighter and heavier components of mixture of two immiscible liquids. When curd is centrifuged, water which is lighter than fat, migrates away from the centre of centrifuge while fat is forced towards the bottom, which is drained out.

Which of the following is a better method than filtration for separation of very small solids?

  1. Distillation

  2. Chromatography

  3. Separating funnel

  4. Centrifugation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sometimes the solid particles in a liquid are very small and can pass through a filter paper. For such particles, the filtration technique cannot be used for separation. Such mixtures are separated by centrifugation.

The centrifuge consists of a centrifuge tube holder called :

  1. motor

  2. rotor

  3. moving tube

  4. both a and b


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The apparatus used for centrifugation is called a centrifuge. The centrifuge consists of a centrifuge tube holder called rotor. The rotor holds balanced centrifugal tubes of equal amounts of the solid-liquid mixture.

In analytical ultracentrifuges the maximum speed is:

  1. $70000\ rpm$

  2. $7000\ rpm$

  3. $700000\ rpm$

  4. $1000\ rpm$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In analytical ultracentrifuges the maximum speed is 70000 rpm.

Hence, option A is correct.

The subcellular organelles of a cell suspension can be isolated by __________________ technique.

  1. centrifugation

  2. distillation

  3. chromatography

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cenrifugation technique can be used to isolate subcellular organelles of a cell suspension.

Centrifugation is a process which involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge used in industry.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a process which involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge used in industry and in laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two immiscible liquids.

Which of the following processes is used to separate cream from milk?

  1. Filtration

  2. Distillation

  3. Chromatography

  4. Centrifugal separator


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The separation of cream from milk in the centrifugal separator is based on the fact that when liquids of different specific gravities revolve around the same centre at the same distance with the same angular velocity, a greater centrifugal force is exerted on the heavier liquid than on the lighter one. Milk can be regarded as two liquids of different specific gravities, the serum and the fat.

What type of mixture are separated by centrifugation?

  1. Separating chalk powder from water

  2. Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk

  3. Separating water from textiles

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a process which involves the use of the centrifugal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, used in industry and in laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two immiscible liquids.
Uses:

  • Separating chalk powder from the water.
  • Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk.
  • Separating water from textiles
  • Removing water from lettuce after washing it in a salad spinner.
  • Separating particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation.
  • The clarification and stabilization of wine.
  • Separation of water particles from clothes while spin-drying in washing machines.
  • Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratory.

Which of the following devices uses the principle of centrifugation?

  1. Washing machine

  2. Ceramic water filter

  3. Household ultraviolet (UV) purifier

  4. Distillation tower


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a technique which involves the application of centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, the viscosity of the medium and rotor speed. The larger the size and the larger the density of the particles, the faster they separate from the mixture. Example- washing machine works on the principle of centrifugation.

A very large quantity of mixture contains tiny particles of three different substances X, Y, and Z. They are of the same size, cubical in shape and yellow in colour. X particles are very heavy, insoluble, non-magnetic and contribute 50% of the mixture. Y particles are very light, insoluble, non-magnetic and contribute 40% of the mixture. And Z particles are actually iron pieces. Which of the following methods can separate X, Y?
  1. Distillation

  2. Decantation

  3. Centrifugation

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Particle X and Y are having same size, shape and colour but they are having different masses, 

particle X is heavy whereas particle Y is light,
so, based on this particle X and Y can be separated by centrifugation.

The method that is used to separate water particles from clothes while drying in washing machines is:

  1. magnetic separation

  2. filtration

  3. evaporation

  4. centrifugation


Correct Option: D

If the constituents of a solid-liquid mixture have different masses, then we can separate them using:

  1. sublimation

  2. centrifugation

  3. winnowing

  4. evaporation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a separation process which uses the action of centrifugal force to promote accelerated settling of particles in a solid-liquid mixture. Two distinct major phases are formed in the vessel during centrifugation .It is best method for separating of mixture have different masses for example removing of cream from milk.

Which of the following devices uses the process of centrifugation?

  1. Washing machine

  2. Ceramic water filter

  3. Household ultraviolet (UV) purifier

  4. Distillation tower


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In the process of centrifugation, we use a rotator and because of that the heavier particles in the solution get settled at the bottom and we get a clear solution, in washing machine we are having rotator at the bottom and hence it can be used for the process of centrifugation.

Centrifugation is used for :

  1. separation of miscible liquids

  2. separation of immiscible liquids

  3. separation of immiscible gases

  4. all of above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Centrifugation is used to separate two immiscible substances. More dense components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while less dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis. 

Centrifugation is a process which involves the application of the :

  1. centripetal force

  2. gravitational force

  3. friction

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, and is used in industrial and laboratory settings.

When milk is churned rapidly, _______ migrates away from the centre of centrifuge.

  1. fat

  2. protein

  3. water

  4. sugar


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

When milk is churned rapidly, water which is lighter than fat, migrates away from the centre of centrifuge while fat is forced towards the bottom, which is drained out.

Which of the following is an application of centrifugation?

  1. Pathological test of blood and urine

  2. Preparing lactic cultures

  3. Washing machine

  4. All of above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In the method of centrifugation, the centripetal and centrifugal forces are used to separate lighter and heavier components of mixture of two immiscible liquids. It can be used in pathological test of blood and urine, in washing machines to squeeze the water from wet clothes and to prepare lactic cultures for production of cheese in dairies.

In a centrifuge, more-dense components of the mixture__of the centrifuge, while less-dense components of the mixture ___.       

  1. migrate away from the axis, migrate towards the axis

  2. migrate towards the axis, migrate away from the axis

  3. both a and b

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge, and is used in industrial and laboratory settings. This process is used to separate two immiscible substances. More-dense components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while less-dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis. 

Centrifuge can be used to separate ___________.

  1. oil and water

  2. mixture of solids

  3. two forms of uranium

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Centrifuge can be used to separate two forms of uranium. The process is the centrifugal separation of isotopes. The difference in the weights of two isotopes is used for the separation.

What forces out the water from fabric in washing machine?

  1. Magnetic force

  2. Frictional force

  3. Force of attraction

  4. Centrifugal force


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Centrifugation is a process used to separate or concentrate materials suspended in a liquid medium. When you wash clothes in a washing machine, it is the centrifugal force generated in the "spin" cycle that forces water out of the fabric to facilitate faster drying.

Colloids may be more than a thousand times as big as an atom but are more than a thousand times smaller than an ant. These colloids can be removed from a solution by:

  1. Thin piece of cloth

  2. Centrifuge

  3. Filter paper

  4. Parchment paper


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Particles of colloids range from $1-100$ $nm$ which is very small than pores of filter paper, thin piece of cloth or parchment paper so can't be separated by them but can be separated by ultra filtration and centrifuge

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