The velocity required to put a satellite in its orbit around a planet is called critical velocity .The critical velocity or orbital velocity of a satellite of planet of radius $R$ is given by $v _{o}=\sqrt{gR}$ 

The escape velocity on a  planet of radius $R$ is given by  ,

The critical velocity or orbital velocity of a satellite of planet of radius $R$  is given by  ,

Payload ratio is the ratio of mass that a payload carries and take-off weight. Take-off weight in case of short trips is almost equal to fuel mass. 

All the given satellites have successfully built .

We know that by newton's third law of motion, Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. So as the fuel burns it escapes from the nozzle towards the earth. So the gases exert an equal and opposite force on the rocket. So this propels the rocket vertically upward.

A multi-stage rocket consists of several pieces of fuel containers joined in series. Whenever any container's fuel starts burning, obviously the fuel quantity starts decreasing. When the container is completely empty, it is detached from the rocket and the second container starts working. This reduces the mass and weight of the rocket, enabling it to travel faster than before. After the 2nd gets empty, that is also detached and the third starts working, and so on. Thus there is rapid gain in speed continuously.

Whenever any object moves through air, air opposes the motion. This is known as air resistance. 

As the rocket consumes fuel at every instant, the fuel is converted to gases and are thrown out of the rocket. Hence the fuel content gets lesser and lesser as the fuel burns. Thus the mass goes on decreasing.

Force $= mass\times acceleration$

The principle of rocket propulsion works on the 'Newton's Third Law of Motion'. It states that, 'to every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction'.

The scientific instrument placed in the front region of the rocket is called PAYLOAD. For a rocket payload can be a satellite, space probe or a space craft carrying humans. The fraction of payload to the total liftoff weight of the rocket iscalled as palyload friction.

The principle of rocket propulsion works on the 'Newton's Third Law of Motion'. It states that, 'to every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction'.

All the facts mentioned about Hubble Telescope are true. The Hubble Telescope orbits 353 miles above earth and transmits colorful images of objects in space and through Hubble telescope we can observe many things in space except the sun or mercury.

Computer-controlled polishiing machines is not a part of HST. This is used mostly in fabrication purposes. In fabrication process automation techniques like computer-controlled polishing is used to achieve high level of fabrication.

DNS is a deep space network tracking station use to track and  communicate with interplanetary spacecraft missions, Along with tacking and communication DSN is also used to explore the furthest point of our solar system.

As the early drawback of Hubble space telescope, Hubble filed to achieve a final sharp focus and the best image quality obtained was drastically lower. Also the image of point sources spread out over a radius of more than one arc second.

The hubble space Telescope (HST) has accurately determined rate of expansion of the universe. It has contributed to studies of the behaviour of graphite composite structures in vacuum and has observed the optical contamination from residual gases.

The average speed of Hubble space telescope is $17000$ $mph$ or $5$ miles per second. Hubble space telescope takes 95 minutes to complete one orbit.

The Hubble space telescope was launched in 1990 to observe stellar objects It has gathered spectacular images and has helped advanced knowledge in the field of cosmology. After it immense contribution it retired in the year 2014.

Hubble data was initially stored on the spacecraft in reel-to-reel tape recorders but these were replaced by solid state data storage facilities during serving missions 2 and 3A. Hubble transmits about 140 gigabits of raw science data every week.

The Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement(COSTAR) system was designed to correct the spherical aberration for light focused at the FOC, FOS and GHRS. Spherical aberration is the condition when there is a loss in the definition of the image arising from the surface geometry of a spherical mirror or lens. Hence to solve this  condition COSTAR was designed.

Astronomical data taken with CCD (charged couple devices) must undergo several calibration steps before they are suitable for astronomical analysis.

The unique windows on the universe enabled by Hubble are Hubble deep field, Hubble Ultra-Deep Field and Extreme Deep Field.

All images from Hubble are monochromatic gray scale, in which its cameras incorporate a variety of filters each sensitive to specific wavelengths of light.

The GHRS was a spectrograph designed to operate in ultraviolet light. It was installed on the Hubble Space Telescope during its original constructing and it was launched into space as a part of the space telescope abroad the space shuttle on April 24,1990.

To fit the COSTAR system onto the telescope one of the other instruments had to be removed, and astronomer selected the High Speed Photometer (HSP) to be sacrificed.

The instruments of hubble that analyses light from the universe such as cameras, spectrographs and inter ferometers helps in observing the near UV (ultraviolet range) to IR (infrared range).

Clearly Telescope instrument used for seeing details of celestial bodies.