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Plant and animal cell - class-XII

Description: plant and animal cell
Number of Questions: 29
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Tags: organisation of the organism cell structure cell structure and micro-organisms the cell biology
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Which cell organelles is absent in an animals cell?

  1. A nucleus

  2. A cell wall

  3. A large vacuole

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The animal cells are the eukaryotic cells which are composed of well-developed cell organelles. The animal cell can be differentiated from the plant cell due to the absence of certain structures in the cell. The cell wall is absent in the animal's cells and they have only the cell membrane. The vacuole is present in the plant cell for storage and absent in the animal cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Animal cells are 

  1. Round and irregular in shape

  2. Round or rectangular in shape

  3. Regular and rectangular in shape

  4. Irregular and square in shape


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The main difference between an animal cell and a plant cell is that plant cells have a cell wall and animal cell lacks the cell wall. The cell wall which is made up of cellulose gives the plant cell rigidity resulting in a fixed, rectangular shape. Animal cells lack the rigidity hence, they tend to have a round and irregular shape. Animal cells tend to vary greatly in appearance. The cell wall allows high pressure to build inside of the plant cell without bursting. Due to this, the plant cell is able to accept large amounts of liquid through osmosis without bursting. Animal cells, which only have a thin membrane restricting access to the cell, tend to burst if they absorb too much extra water.

Animal cell is limited by

  1. Plasma membrane

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Basement membrane

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The cell wall is absent in an animal cell. The plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of animal cells from the outside environment. The basic function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane.

Which of the following is useful for the study of a typical animal cell?

  1. Blood cell

  2. Hair cell

  3. Skin cell

  4. Human cheek cell


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
As in all animal cells, the cells of the human cheek do not possess a cell wall. A cell membrane that is semi-permeable surrounds the cytoplasm. Unlike plant cells. Human cheek cells form an excellent example for studying the animal cell as it is easy to obtain freshly for experiments as well as easy to handle while forming mount slide.

Which of the following is absent in an animal cell?

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Nucleus

  3. Cell membrane

  4. Cell wall


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The plants and the animal cells are the eukaryotic cells which are composed of well-developed cell organelles. The animal cell can be differentiated from the plant cell due to the absence of certain structures in the cell. The cell wall is absent in the animal's cells and they have only the cell membrane. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which of the following life processes does not take place in animal cells?

  1. Movement

  2. Respiration

  3. Excretion

  4. Photosynthesis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The animal cells lack the cellular organelle chloroplast. The chloroplast or the chlorophyll pigments are required for carrying out photosynthesis by capturing solar energy. The animal cells devoid of this organelle cannot perform photosynthesis.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Cell wall is absent in which of the following?

  1. Plants

  2. Animals

  3. Mucor

  4. Bacteria


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Plants, algae, fungi, bacteria and some archaea have cell walls but animals and protozoa do not have cell walls. Animal cells have plasma membrane.

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

  1. Nucleus

  2. Mitochodrion

  3. Chloroplast

  4. Golgi apparatus.


Correct Option: C

Interconvertible organelle in plant cell is 

  1. Plastids

  2. Vacuole

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Lysosome


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Chloroplasts (Green Plastids) are plant cell organelles which take part in photosynthesis and temporary or permanent storage of starch. In green alga, chloroplasts are of various shapes and sizes but chloroplasts of higher plants are disc-shaped with a diameter of 4 to 6 micrometer and thickness of 2 to 4 micrometer. In embryophytes, they are the second largest cell organelle, smaller only to the nucleus.
Chromosomes are not distinct cell organelles.
Both Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are much smaller than chloroplasts.
So, the correct answer is 'Plastids'

Select the wrong statement from the following.

  1. The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria

  2. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane

  3. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane

  4. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA


Correct Option: A

Conversion of $NO _3^-$ to $NO _2^-$ occurs in-

  1. Cytosol of plant cells

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Mithochondria

  4. Peroxisome


Correct Option: A

A plant cell placed in $0.7\,M$ sugar solution was found with no change in cell volume. If the same plant cell is placed in $0.7\,M$ of $NaCl$ solution , then there will be

  1. No change in cell volume

  2. Increase in cell volume

  3. Decrease in cell volume

  4. initial increase and eventually decrease in cell volume


Correct Option: A

Planet cells that are photosynthetically  active are found in the ______ layer of leaf and are ____ cells.

  1. Epidermis ,Parenchymatous

  2. Mesophyll,Parenchymatous

  3. Mesophyll, Sclerenchymatous

  4. Aerenchyma,Collenchymatous


Correct Option: A

Which is incorrect for chloroplast

  1. Presence in algae and plants

  2. Release $O _2$

  3. Occurs only in cells with aerobic respiration

  4. None


Correct Option: C

In plant cell, the vacuole

  1. Contains air and lacks membrane

  2. Contains water and excretory substances but lacks membrane

  3. Contains storage protein and lipids and is membrane bound

  4. Is membrane bound, contains water and excretory substances.


Correct Option: D

Stratum germinations is an example of which kind of
epithelium

  1. Cuboidal

  2. Ciliated

  3. Columnar

  4. Squamous


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Epidermis has several distinct layers of epithelial cells. The innermost layer called stratum germinations has columnar cells resting upon a common basement membrane.

The glyoxysomes in a plant cell ___________________.

  1. Detoxify the hydrogen peroxide produced in the cell

  2. Store the waste products released in the carbohydrate metabolism

  3. Break down the fatty acids during the respiration of lipid

  4. Convert glycol ate into glycine


Correct Option: A

Chloroplast contains maximum quantity of _________________.

  1. Pyruvic carboxylase

  2. Hexokinase

  3. RUDP caboxylase

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochodrial enzyme that catalyzes carboxylation of pyruvate into oxaloacetate. Hexokinase is an enzyme of glycolysis and is present in the cytoplasm. RUBP carboxylase catalyzes carboxylation of RuBP during photosynthetic carbon fixation. Chloroplasts is the site of photosynthesis and contain maximum quantity of RUBP carboxylase. The correct answer is C.

In a chloroplast, what is the ration of chl a : chl b and carotenes : xanthophylls respectively?

  1. 3 : 1 and 2 : 1

  2. 2 : 1 and 3 : 1

  3. 3 : 2 and 1 : 1

  4. 1 : 1 and 3 : 2


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • A chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis, it contains all the pigments required for the process of photosynthesis. Pigments are of two types: Chlorophylls and Carotenoids.
  • Chlorophylls are the green photosynthetic pigments, they are of mainly five types - chlorophyll a, b, c, d, and e. The amount of chlorophyll b is one-fourth of the total chlorophyll content while chlorophyll a is the universal or primary photosynthetic pigment and present in abundance.
  • Carotenes are hydrocarbons, they may be yellow, brown or reddish pigments.
  • Xanthophylls are oxygen-containing carotenes, yellowish brown in color.
So, the correct option is '3: 1 and 2: 1'.

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _______.

  1. microtubule

  2. microfilament

  3. plasmodesmata

  4. tight junction


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells which develop in minute pores of their walls. They form protoplasmic continuum called symplast. It provides channels for controlled passage of small sized particles between adjacent cells as well as transfer of some specific signals.

A cell that contains a cell wall, chloroplasts and a central vacuole is-

  1. Plant cell.

  2. Animal cell.

  3. Yeast cell.

  4. Bacterial cell.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Plant cells have a large central vacuole, are surrounded by a cell wall, and have chloroplasts, which are the organelles of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis converts the sun's solar energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy, which is the carbohydrate glucose, serves as "food" for the plant.

Hence A is the correct option. 

Plant cell can do___________

  1. Breathing and respiration

  2. Respiration and photosynthesis

  3. Breathing and photosynthesis

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The plant cell can do respiration and photosynthesis. The plants get energy through the process of respiration in which glucose food breaks down in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the cell organelle called chloroplast. A plant cell cannot breathe because in a plant body lungs are absent.
So the correct answer is 'Respiration and photosynthesis'.

Which of the following has a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane?

  1. Plant cell

  2. Animal cell

  3. Viruses

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

Identification part on plants cell is

  1. Centrosome

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Protoplasmic membrane

  4. Cell wall


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes.

Which of the following cells tend to have one large central vacuole that can take up to 90% of cell volume?

  1. Bacterial

  2. Plant 

  3. Animal 

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The main structural differences between plant and animal cells are the additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include chloroplasts, the cell wall and vacuoles. Vacuoles are large, liquid-filled organelles found only in plant cells. Vacuoles can occupy up to 90% of a cell's volume and have a single membrane. Their main function is as a space-filler in the cell, but they can also fill digestive functions and their interiors can be used as storage for nutrients.  

The outer covering in addition to cell membrane in plants is called as 

  1. Plasmalemma

  2. Capsule

  3. Cell wall

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The cell wall is a tough, flexible and sometimes rigid layer that surrounds some cells e.g., plant cells. It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. In addition, the cell wall acts as a filtering mechanism. Animals do not have a cell wall.

The ................. allows high pressure to build inside of the plant cell without bursting.

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cytoplasm

  3. Nucleus

  4. Mitochondria


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cell wall allows high pressure to build inside of the plant cell without bursting. The plant cell is able to accept large amounts of liquid through osmosis without bursting. This is due to the presence of cell wall which is absent in the animal cell.

A mature plant cell has

  1. Cell wall and protoplasm

  2. Protoplasm and vacuole

  3. Vacuole and cell wall

  4. Protoplasm, cell wall, and vacuole


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The protoplasm can be defined as a material which comprises of the living part of the cell including the cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles. Plant cells are characterized by the presence of large vacuoles and cell wall, which are not seen in animal cells
So, the correct answer is 'Protoplasm, cell wall, and vacuole'.

Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

  1. Only gymnosperm cell

  2. All plant cells

  3. All eukaryotic cell

  4. Only bacterial cells


Correct Option: B
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