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Perfect competition and monopoly - class-XI

Description: perfect competition and monopoly
Number of Questions: 24
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Tags: market structure and pricing economics
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BOD measures the _____.

  1. Amount of bacteria in a given sample of water

  2. Amount of algae being decomposed in a given sample

  3. Amount of oxygen bacteria need to decompose organic matter in a given sample

  4. Amount of oxygen bacteria need to decompose organic matter in a given sample in a fixed period of time


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of how much organic pollution is in water. The BOD test measures the amount of dissolved oxygen in water that is used up due to the breakdown of organic pollutants, such as sewage, in a certain number of days.

Untreated sewage may cause _____.

  1. Outbreak of epidemic

  2. Cholera outbreaks

  3. Typhoid outbreaks

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Untreated sewage is an excellent source of bacterial growth. Such untreated sewage can result in spread of many bacterial diseases like outbreak of epidemics, cholera, typhoid etc.

Dumping has major disadvantages, however, especially in heavily polluted areas.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Newspapers, used bottles, magazines, carry bags, aluminum foils, plastics, metal, glass, old exercise books, oilcans, etc., are called _________. 

  1. Wet waste

  2. Dry waste

  3. Waste disposal

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

Dumping is also known as landfilling.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

On the basis of degradation, waste can be segregated as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. 

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 

The basic difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable is that biodegradable items decompose or break down naturally whereas Non-biodegradable wastes are those who cannot be decomposed or dissolved by natural agents.

Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste as green waste, food waste, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics. Other biodegradable wastes include human waste, manure, sewage, slaughterhouse waste.

Non-biodegradable waste includes Plastic products like grocery bags, plastic bags, water bottles, etc. Metals, metal cans, tins, metal scraps, etc. Construction waste, rubber tires, man-made fibers like nylon etc. Computer hardware like glass, CDs, DVDS, cellophane, processed woods, cable wires, Styrofoam etc.

Toxic waste includes old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizers and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish, etc.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Composting helps reduce the adverse effects of excessive alkalinity, acidity, or the excessive use of chemical fertilizer.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Drainage is a removal of undesirable excess water from a region.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden, and paper are called ____________.

  1. Organic waste

  2. Recyclable waste

  3. Toxic waste

  4. Soiled


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Organic waste is one which is biodegradable. It can undergo decomposition by the microbes aerobically or anaerobically to form compost which can be used as a fertilizer or it can just become a part of the soil.

Composting is a nature's way of recycling.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Different treatments which are given to the waste for avoiding environmental and health hazards are known as ___________.

  1. Methods of waste disposal

  2. Methods of segregation

  3. Methods of dumping

  4. Treatment of effluents


Correct Option: A

Waste segregation is the process of dividing garbage and waste products in an effort to _________ materials.

  1. Reduce

  2. Reuse

  3. Recycle

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

Biodegradable waste includes inorganic waste.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Inorganic wastes (also known as non-biodegradable waste) are chemical substances of mineral origin which cannot be decomposed or dissolved by natural agents.

Biodegradable items decompose or break down naturally.

Leftover foodstuff, vegetable peels, etc., is __________.

  1. Wet waste

  2. Dry waste

  3. Waste disposal

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The waste generated from food establishment is called wet waste. It is heavier than dry waste due to the weight of the dampness contained in it. This waste is generally bio-degradable.

Organic waste i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue, etc., are dumped in large pits called _________.

  1. Landfill Pit

  2. Compost Pit

  3. Drainage Pit

  4. Segregation Pit


Correct Option: B

Which type of waste must be disposed of with utmost care?

  1. Toxic

  2. Soiled

  3. Organic

  4. Options A and B


Correct Option: D

Hospital waste such as discarded syringe needles, bandages, swabs, plasters, cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids are termed as ___________.

  1. Organic waste

  2. Recyclable waste

  3. Soiled

  4. Toxic waste


Correct Option: C

Drainage can be broadly split into _________.

  1. Foul water

  2. Surface water

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

__________ is a process in which various organisms including bacteria and fungi break down organic matter into simpler substances under controlled aerobic conditions.

  1. Segregation

  2. Dumping

  3. Composting

  4. Drainage


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Organic waste is broken down by microbes (bacteria) into simpler substances. It is a multi-step process which is closely monitored with measured inputs of water, carbon and nitrogen rich compounds.

Nonbiodegradable waste can be further segregated into ________________.

  1. Recyclable waste

  2. Toxic waste

  3. Soiled

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

What are the advantages of composting?

  1. It reduces need for landfill space

  2. It converts organic matter into stable compost that is odour and pathogen free and can be used as manure

  3. It reduces the need for fertilizers and pesticides

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

In ________ process, solid wastes are dumped in a low lying area and as a result of bacterial action, refuse decreases considerably in volume and are converted gradually into humus.

  1. Segregation

  2. Dumping

  3. Composting

  4. Drainage


Correct Option: B

The composting process is carried out by __________.

  1. Psychrophiles - low-temperature microbes

  2. Mesophiles - medium temperature microbes

  3. Thermophiles - high-temperature microbes

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The three types of bacteria work at different temperatures to decompose the organic matter. Psychrophiles work at lowest temperature, around 55-70 degrees Fahrenheit to break down the organic matter. They give off small heat in the process which is sufficient enough for Mesophilic bacteria to begin composting. They prefer temperatures from 70-100 degrees Fahrenheit and give off heat while decomposing. They die when the temperature goes beyond 100 degrees and this is when thermophiles (heat loving bacteria) begin working.

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