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Food pyramid and deficiency diseases - class-X

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The energy and biomass relationship between the organisms at different trophic levels can better expressed by.

  1. Food chain

  2. Food web

  3. Ecological pyramids

  4. Energy cycle


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. Biomass pyramids show how much biomass (the amount of living or organic matter present in an organism) is present in the organisms at each trophic level, while productivity pyramids show the procreation or turnover in biomass. There is also pyramid of numbers which represent the number of organisms in each trophic level. They may be upright (e.g. Grassland ecosystem), inverted (parasitic ecosystem) or dumbbell shaped (forest ecosystem). Energy pyramids begin with producers on the bottom (such as plants) and proceed through the various trophic levels (such as herbivores that eat plants, then carnivores that eat flesh, then omnivores that eat both plants and flesh, and so on). The highest level is the top of the food chain.
So the correct option is 'ecological pyramid'.

Pyramid of bio mass and number in a pond ecosystem ake-

  1. inverted and upright

  2. inverted and irregular

  3. both upright

  4. both unverted


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is the graphical representation which shows the biomass or bio productivity in an eco system at each tropical level.

Therefore the right answer is option "A, inverted and upright".

The concept of ecological pyramids was proposed by 

  1. Elton

  2. Odum

  3. Darwin

  4. Clement


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A (elton) is the correct answer.

Elton proposed the concept of ecological pyramids Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the biomass at each trophic level. Odum is the father of modern ecology. Clements proposed the theory of plant succession. darwin proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

When peacock eats snakes which eats insects thriving on green plants, the peacock is

  1. A primary consumer

  2. A primary decomposer

  3. Final decomposer

  4. The apex of food pyramid


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In the given food chain peacock is the ultimate consumer. It will be located at the apex of the food pyramid. 

Green plants will be producers. 
Insects feeding on green plants will be herbivores or primary consumers. Snakes will be primary carnivores or secondary consumers and peacock will be a secondary carnivore or a tertiary consumer. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Mass of living matter at a tropic level in an area at any time is called______________.

  1. Standing state

  2. Standing crop

  3. Detritus

  4. Humus


Correct Option: B

The narrow apex of pyramid is called _____________.

  1. Papillary duct of Bellini

  2. Calyx

  3. Column of bertini

  4. Pelvis


Correct Option: A

In the food and energy pyramid, the sequence-from base upwards is?

  1. Aquatic insects-fishes-flowering plants-trees

  2. Primitive animals-higher animals-man who plants and animals-carnivorous animals

  3. Plants animals that eat plants animals that eat plants and animals-carnivorous animals

  4. Aquatic plants-terrestrial plants carnivorous animals-large trees man


Correct Option: A

As one moves up an ecological pyramid, in general ________________.

  1. The biomass increases

  2. Photosynthesis increases

  3. Energy levels decreases

  4. Productivity increases


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is not used for construction of ecological pyramids?

  1. Number of individuals

  2. Rate of energy flow

  3. Fresh weight

  4. Dry weight


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fresh weight of organisms and their body parts comprises of water content along with the actual dry weight. The fresh weight is deviating w.r.t metabolism and availability in the same organism or different organisms taken under observation. This makes the standard comparison difficult. Hence, fresh weight is not used for the construction of the ecological pyramid.

So, the correct option is 'Fresh weight'.

The pyramid of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is

  1. Upright

  2. Inverted

  3. Spindle shaped

  4. Irregular


Correct Option: A

An example of one way ecological cycle is

  1. carbon dioxide cycle

  2. water cycle

  3. energy cycle

  4. oxygen cycle


Correct Option: C

Maintaining ecological balance in future will mainly depend on :

  1. nature's own process of changes and interaction

  2. adaptation of all living species to changes in climate

  3. man's caution and ability to allow nature's own balance to continue

  4. man's ability to maintain and develop species according to his needs.


Correct Option: C

The condition of deficiency and excess of essential nutrient is called as

  1. Malnutrition

  2. Constipation

  3. Dehydration

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The condition of deficiency and excess of essential nutrient is called as malnutrition. In this, either one or more nutrients like calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals are in excess in diet or deficient in diet. It can be either undernutrition or overnutrition. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Malnutrition.'

Supplement of essential nutrient in optimum amount is called as

  1. Malnutrition

  2. Nourishment

  3. Obesity

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A- Malnutrition is a physical state of unbalanced nutrition. It can mean under-nutrition or over-nutrition. 

B- Nutrient is a source of nourishment, a component of food, for instance, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and water.
C- Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess amount of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. 
So, the correct option is 'Nourishment'.

What does the doctor advise to the patients suffering from high blood cholesterol?

  1. Red mutton with fat layer

  2. Vegetable and margerin

  3. Vegetable oil such as ground-nut oil

  4. Pure deshi ghee or butter


Correct Option: B

Obesity is caused by

  1. Nourishment

  2. Malnutrition

  3. Hypersecretion of hormone

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Malnutrition means any kind of bad nourishment. It doesn't necessarily mean that you aren't getting a proper diet, it can also mean excessive consumption of food. So eating junk food and a bad diet can cause obesity and that is known as malnutrition as well.

So, the correct option is 'Malnutrition'.

Which of the following disease caused by the excess supplement of nutrient?

  1. Kwasiworker

  2. Marasmus

  3. Kidney stone

  4. Dehydration


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Kidney stones are the result of a buildup of dissolved minerals on the inner lining of the kidneys.
  • They usually consist of calcium oxalate but may be composed of several other compounds. Kidney stones can grow in size while maintaining a sharp, crystalline structure.
  • The stones may be small and pass unnoticed through the urinary tract, but they can also cause extreme pain as they leave the body. Hence, the kidney stone is the disease caused by the excess supplement of nutrient.
So, the correct answer is 'kidney stone'.

.......... is another polysaccharide found in animals including human beings.

  1. Sucrose

  2. Mannose

  3. Starch

  4. Glycogen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In animals, the structurally similar glucose polymer is the more densely branched glycogen, sometimes called "animal starch". Glycogen's properties allow it to be metabolized more quickly, which suits the active lives of moving animals.


So, the correct option is 'Glycogen'.

If all the plants of the world die all the animals will also die due to shortage of

  1. Oxygen

  2. Timber

  3. Food

  4. Cold air


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Oxygen is the primary source of living without which life is not possible. Water is also the main source of living. Food and timber are important for the living but if not consumed or used for a few days it will not cause death. If a person stops breathing for some time he will surely die.

So, the correct option is 'Oxygen'.

What is common in all ecosystem?

  1. Nourishment Network

  2. Size of species

  3. variation of borders

  4. Shape of organism


Correct Option: A

Deficiency of calcium can

  1. Cause constipation

  2. Can cause night blindness

  3. Decrease the resistance of our body against harmful microorganisms

  4. Make our bones and teeth weak


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Calcium plays ain important role in building and maintaining bones and teeth.calcium is important in the activity of many enzymes in the body. The contraction of muscles, release of neurotransmitters, regulation of heartbeat, and clotting of blood are all dependent on calcium.

Deficiency of calcium is known as Hypocalcemia.

 It occurs when calcium levels in the blood are low. 

Teeth and bones are made up of calcium and its deficiency can lead to dental changes, and osteoporosis, which causes the bones to become brittle. Hence, the deficiency of calcium can make our bones and teeth weak.

So, the correct option is 'make our bones and teeth weak'.

 

Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients for long period of time is known as 

  1. Infection

  2. Deficiency disease

  3. Vitamin diseases

  4. Nutrient diseases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The body requires many different, carbohydrates, vitamins & minerals that are crucial for both body development & preventing disease. The deficiencies of these nutrients for a long time can cause deficiency disease.

So the correct answer is 'Deficiency disease'.

Deficiency of calcium causes

  1. Poor growth of teeth and gums

  2. Goitre

  3. Anaemia

  4. Polio


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The teeth are made up of minerals like calcium and phosphate. The dentine and the enamel of the teeth are made up of calcium. Thus, calcium is very important in the normal growth and development of the teeth and gums and its deficiency can lead to the weakening of the gums.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Poor growth of teeth and gums'

Night blindness occurs due to deficiency of which vitamin?

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Vitamin C

  4. Vitamin D


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Night blindness is a nutritional disorder in which person is not able to see at night or in poor light. It is mainly caused due to the deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is retinol that helps in the formation of rhodopsin that helps in vision in low light and hence in the absence of retinol, this pigments will not form and a person will not be able to see in dim light.

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