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Insertion and ligation of dna - class-XII

Description: insertion and ligation of DNA
Number of Questions: 27
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Tags: biotechnology: principles and processes biology botany genetic engineering option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology and its application principles and process of biotechnology
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The term 'recombinant DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA of the host cell

  2. DNA with a piece of foreign DNA

  3. DNA with selectable marker

  4. DNA with more than one recognition sites

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'DNA with a piece of foreign DNA'.

The term 'chimeric DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA with overhanging stretches

  2. DNA with palindromic sequence

  3. A recombinant DNA

  4. Molecular scissors

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'A recombinant DNA'.

Precipitates of purified DNA after the addition of chilled ethanol can be seen as a collection of fine threads in suspension. This process is referred as _____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA transformation

  2. DNA ligation

  3. DNA spooling

  4. DNA duplication

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The purified DNA, after treatment with various enzymes, precipitates out after addition of chilled ethanol. This is viewed as a collection of fine threads in the suspension, and is easily collected. The process is known as DNA spooling.

You discovered a novel eukaryotic organism that glows in the dark. You believe this trait is due to a single gene, and you wish to clone the gene. which of the following strategies is most likely to be successful?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into a plasmid

  2. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for for the ability to glow in the dark.

  3. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

  4. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and genetate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

As it is a eukaryotic gene, it is better to be incorporated in a eukaryotic cell. Digestion by restriction endonuclease is not possible as the gene is unidentified and is to be isolated and cloned. It is better and easier to identify the gene transcript, i.e., protein coding mRNA, reverse transcribe it to produce cDNA and then transferring this intron less cDNA into an eukaryotic cell like yeast through a plasmid vector.
So, the correct answer is 'Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark'.

Insertional inactivation is related to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Microinjection

  2. Gene gun

  3. Gel electrophoresis

  4. Selection of recombinations

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Insertional inactivation is the inactivation of a gene upon insertion of another gene inside in its place or within its coding sequence. This helps the selection of transformant and as well as recombinant colonies in selective antibiotic medium aided due to insertional inactivation of the antibiotic gene which becomes inactive due to foreign gene insert within its sequence. 

So, the correct option is Selection of recombination.

Hybridoma technology was developed by

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Taggart, 1982

  2. Vitella et al, 1982

  3. Prie and Saxton, 1987

  4. Milstein and Kohier, 1975

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines (called hybridomas).

A major event in r-DNA technology is _________________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Separation

  2. Isolation

  3. Elution

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

r-DNA technology is the process involving the introduction of a foreign piece DNA containing a gene of interest into the genome of an organism. Isolation and separation is a step in the process in which various techniques are used to separate the required gene (containing the gene of interest) from the nucleus of the cell (free of the other cellular contaminants). The isolated DNA is then restriction digested and amplified to make several copies. It is then inserted into a vector for transfer into an appropriate host. Elution is a step involved in the process of separation of DNA. So, the correct answer is 'isolation and separation'.

In which of the following combinations, the compounds in ascending order based on their molecular weights are arranged

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA, RNA, AMP, ADP, ATP

  2. DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, AMP

  3. AMP, ADP, ATP, RNA, DNA

  4. AMP, ATP, ADP, DNA, RNA

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The arrangement of compounds in ascending order according to their molecular weight is AMP, ADP, ATP, RNA, DNA.

The most extensively used bacteria in genetic engineering is ____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Bacillus

  2. Clostridium

  3. Escherichia

  4. Salmonella

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Micro injection

  2. Electroporation 

  3. Being placed along with the cell into a gene gun

  4. Gel electrophoresis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Microinjection is a technique in which DNA is directly injected into the host cells with the help of microinjection.
B. Electroporation is a technique in which pores are created in the cell membrane and thus, permeability is increased. As a result, foreign DNA can easily enter the cells.
C. Gene gun is a method to introduce alien DNA into host cells through microprojectile particles. The DNA coated gold or tungsten particles are bombarded with the host cells and alien DNA enters the cells.
D. Gel electrophoresis is a technique of separating DNA fragments on the basis of their size.
Hence, option D is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells.
So, the correct answer 'Gel electrophoresis'.

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the construction of recombinant DNA.
$(1)$ use restriction enzymes
$(2)$ use DNA ligase
$(3)$ remove plasmid from parent bacterium
$(4)$ introduce plasmid into new host bacterium.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. $1-2-3-4$

  2. $4-3-2-1$

  3. $3-1-2-4$

  4. $2-3-1-4$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Generation  of rDNA steps:
1) The DNA for insulin is first disengaged. 
2) A plasmid made of DNA is expelled from a bacterial cell. 
3) A limitation protein cuts the plasmid DNA open, leaving sticky finishes. 
4) The insulin quality, with integral sticky closures, is included. 
5) DNA ligase catalyst grafts (joins) together with the plasmid DNA and the Insulin DNA. 
6) The plasmid (now hereditarily changed) is embedded again into the bacterium. 
7) The bacterium has cell, partitions and delivers duplicates of the plasmid. 
8) The Bacterium makes human insulin utilizing the quality in the plasmid. 
9) The insulin is removed from the bacterial culture.
So, the correct option '2−3−1−4'.

The first plasmid used for recombinant DNA technology is obtained from

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Bacillus thurinegenesis

  2. Thermus aquaticus

  3. Salmonella typhimurium

  4. E. Coli

Show answer
Correct Option: B

The process by which restriction endonuclease cut the DNA molecule?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Reduction

  2. Oxidation

  3. Hydrolysis

  4. Carboxylation

Show answer
Correct Option: A

In E.coli, a finished polypeptide has $162$ amino acids of which the first amino acid is not methionine compound. How many nucleotides of DNA are required to code this polypeptide?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. $486$

  2. $54$

  3. $489$

  4. $492$

Show answer
Correct Option: A

The technique in which a foreign DNA is precipitated on the surface of the tungsten or gold particle and shot into target cells is known as? 

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Microinjection

  2. Chemical - mediated genetic transformation

  3. Electroporation

  4. Biolistic method

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is commonly used in transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Penicillium expansum

  2. Trichoderma harzianum

  3. Meloidogyne incognita

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Trichoderma harzianum is a biofungicide and is used for suppression of various disease causing fungal pathogens. Penicillium expansum, blue mold, causes postharvest decay of stored apples and produces the carcinogenic mycotoxin patulin. Meloidogyne incognita, southern root-knot nematode" or the "cotton root-knot nematode", is a nematode with multiple hosts. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil plant pathogenic bacterium that carries Ti plasmid. It can transfer a particular segment of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells. The transferred T-DNA is then integrated into the host genome and transcribed with it. This ability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer the T-DNA in host genome is explored in genetic engineering to transfer the desired DNA segment, carrying the gene of the interest, into genome of selected organisms. Option D is the correct answer. 

Which one of the following is called polynucleotide joining enzyme?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Polymerase I

  2. Polymerase II

  3. Ligase

  4. Ribonuclease

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ligase is nick named as 'molecular sutures'. In Biochemistry, ligase is defined as an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond.

In retroviruses, RNA dependent DNA polymerase synthesizes

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA

  2. RNA

  3. RNA-DNA

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Blood stain component to be used for DNA profiling technique is

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Serum

  2. Leucocytes

  3. Platelets

  4. Erythrocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Read the following four statements (A-D) about certain mistakes in two of them:

(A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
(B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macro-molecules.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of r-DNA technology.
(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of r-DNA into the host.

Which are the two statements having mistakes?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Statements (A) and (B)

  2. Statements (B) and (C)

  3. Statements (C) and (D)

  4. Statements (A) and (C)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(A) Rosie was the first transgenic cow and its milk was rich in human alpha-lactalbumin protein.

(B) Restriction enzymes are used in the isolation of the specific segment of DNA from the DNA of the organism because these enzymes are capable of cutting the DNA at the specific location.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps in the r-DNA technology. It involves the extraction and purification of the desired product.
(D) Disarmed pathogens like Agrobacterium tumifaciens, phage viruses are also used in the transfer of r-DNA into the host.
Hence, the correct answer is '(A) and (B)'

Elution means

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Separation of DNA fragments on agarose gel

  2. Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel

  3. Making the DNA bands visible under UV radiation

  4. Isolation of alien DNA from the choice organism

Show answer
Correct Option: B

A dicotyledonous plant forms crown gall when

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens comes in contact with the plant

  2. Agrobacterium rhizogenes comes in contact with the plant

  3. A specific part of DNA from the Ti plasmid gets integrated with the plant chromosome

  4. A specific part of DNA from the Ri plasmid gets integrated with the plant chromosome

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Find the correct statement with respect to function or properties of RNA polymerase.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Bacteria have $3$ different types of RNA polymerase

  2. RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiate transcription

  3. It uses nucleoside monophosphate as substrate

  4. RNA polymerase polymerizes in a template independent manner

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Consider the following steps during recombinant DNA technology.
a. Breaking of donor DNA using restriction enzyme
b. Culture of cloned bacteria containing the fragment of donor DNA
c. Isolation of suitable plasmid
d. Insertion of recombinant DNA through cloning
e. Joining of donor DNA with a suitable plasmid using ligase
The correct sequence of these is?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. $1, 3, 2, 4, 5$

  2. $3, 2, 1, 5, 4$

  3. $1, 3, 5, 4, 2$

  4. $5, 1, 3, 4, 2$

Show answer
Correct Option: A

When E coli with DNA $^{15}N ^{15}N $ is allowed to grow in a medium containing $^{14}N$ the number of DNA strands with $^{15}N$ after five generations is: 

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 8

  4. 16

  5. 30

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Reverse transcriptase-production of.cDNA from mRNA

  2. DNA polymerase-used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify section of DNA

  3. DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments

  4. Restriction enzyme-production of RFLPs

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Restriction enzymes cut DNA creating sticky ends of restriction fragments. While DNA ligase joins these sticky ends to form recombinant DNA. 

So, the correct option is 'DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments'. 

After insertion of DNA segment within the sequence of Z-gene of bacteria, they are grown on chromogenic substrate. After the growth of bacterial colonies, they are identified as
i) Recombinants if colonies are blue- coloured.
ii) Recombinants if colonies are white coloured.
iii) Non-recombinants if colonies are blue- coloured.
iv) Non-recombinants if colonies are white coloured.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. iii, iv

  2. i, iv

  3. i, ii

  4. ii, iii

Show answer
Correct Option: D
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