The theory of natural selection was given by Darwin. According to the law of natural selection, nature supports the survival of the fittest. It means that, the individual which is better adapted to the environment, will survive and produce new individual. So, the correct option is C.

When the insecticides are used on a large scale, the genes in the organism are mutated and then there is no effect of the insecticide on the organism. This is the phenomenon of resistance evolved due to natural selection which allows the development of the mosquitoes which are resistant.

Long necks and long legs and can reach food high in the trees does not mean that a need to reach high browse was a causative factor in the evolution of those characteristics. Clearly, both Darwin's and Lamarck's conceptions of giraffe evolution were highly speculative.

Natural selection:- The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over.

Darwin observed amazing diversity among the creatures which originated from a particular geographical area and radiated to the other habitat. The diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the Galapagos islands is considered as an example of adaptive radiation and serves as an evidence for an origin of species by natural selection.

The given example is of natural selection. According to the theory of natural selection, nature supports the survival of the fittest. It means, only those individuals will survive, who adapt themselves to the change in the environment. In the given case, those ants survived, who adapted the mechanism of chemical signalling and were selected by the nature as fittest. Whereas, those organisms died who didn't adapt the mechanism. So, the correct option is B.

Adaptation:- process by which an animal or plant species becomes fitted to its environment; it is the result of natural selection's acting upon heritable variation.

Natural selection:- The basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift. Darwin's grand idea of evolution by natural selection is relatively simple but often misunderstood. To find out how it works, imagine a population of beetles: There is variation in traits.

The given example is of natural selection. According to the theory of natural selection, nature supports the survival of the fittest. It means, only those individuals will survive, who adapt themselves to the change in the environment. In the given case, bugs adapted the green colouration to survive. They were selected by the nature as fittest. So, the correct option is B.

The given adaptation in lizard is an example of skeletal adaptation of natural selection. According to this adaptation, the individual who didn't develop the skeletal changes died. This type of adaptation can be seen in some species (lizards, giraffes) of animals who adapted themselves to the environment through genetic changes in their skeletons. For example, development of long neck in giraffes to reach food sources of the upper part of the trees. It is said that those died who didn't develop the long neck. Another example is development of longer leg bones in lizards to help them to climb up during periods of flood and to escape predators in the ground. Those lizards who didn't develop long leg bones, died. So, the correct option is A.

Principle Mechanism:-

The Central idea of Darwinism is Natural Selection. He stated that nature selects the best-suited organisms that have a greater chance to become parents for the next generation who have adapted themselves. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Due to changes in the environment, the dark coloured moths had a better survival chance as compared to the light coloured moths, which could be easily spotted. Hence, dark coloured moths got an advantage in hiding from predators. Hence dark coloured moths were able to leave the greater number of progeny. In other words, dark coloured moths were naturally selected and they were reproductively successful as compared to light coloured moths.

The male peacock has a lot of showy feathers.However, peacocks use their feathers to attract peahens (female peacocks). The peacocks with the showier feathers are able to attract mates, so they are the ones that have offspring, and pass on the fancy-feather genes to the next generation.

According to Charles Darwin, Natural selection is a tool of nature to impose the survival of the fittest. As some species fight to become the fittest, they adapt. Many organisms due to this, evolved, got adapted as they chose to survive in that habitat. Adaptation is the biggest drive to evolution and the pinpointed conclusion of the natural selection. 

This phenomenon is called Resource partitioning. When the resources in a niche are limited, so as to avoid the competition species divide the resources accordingly.

Pseudomonas is the genus of a bacterium. This bacterium was placed in the medium where only nylon was present. This resulted in the development of the bacterial species which was able to metabolize the nylon. The nylon was the only source of food available so, the organism adapted itself to feed on the nylon. This is an example of natural selection.

When more individuals of a population acquire a mean character value, it is called stabilising selection. No change in allelic frequency in a population will lead to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

On boiling, most of the cells of the potato become dead. Due to this the cells become inactive and cannot undergo the process of osmosis. When there is no osmosis the water level inside the cavity of potato shows no change.

Natural selection, the process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype or genetic constitution.

As the natural selection a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other traits. So correct answer is C, natural selection.

The given example is of natural selection. According to the theory of natural selection, nature supports the survival of the fittest. It means, only those individuals will survive who adapt themselves to the change in the environment. In the given case, moths changed their colour to adapt themselves according to the change in the environment. They were selected by the nature as fittest. So, the correct option is B.

The biogenetic law stating 'Ontogeny repeats phylogeny ' was given by Ernst Haeckel. Auricular muscles, wisdom teeth, appendix, tailbone, body hair are some vestigial organs in human beings. Embryos of some animals develop temporary non-functional embryonic structures which disappear before hatching. Tooth buds are examples of temporary embryonic structures found in bird embryos. Gill clefts are temporary embryonic structures found in embryos of land vertebrates. Spiny anteater and scaly anteater show adaptive convergence. These are not closely related but are adapted for the diet of ants, termites and other insects.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. More individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive. There is also a naturally occurring genetic mutation which causes some moths to have almost black wings.