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Structure of skeletal muscle - class-XI

Description: structure of skeletal muscle
Number of Questions: 24
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Tags: animal physiology tissues coordination organisation of tissues introduction to biotechnology musculo-skeletal system movement and locomotion in man zoology biology
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Which of the following is multinucleated?

  1. Nervous tissue

  2. Striated muscle

  3. Non-striated muscle

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Multinucleate cells are those cells which have more than one nucleus per cell. Skeletal muscles or striated muscles are multinucleated cells. However, smooth muscles or non-striated muscles and cardiac muscles are mononucleated.  
Thus, the correct answer is 'Striated muscle.'

On stimulation of skeletal muscle, calcium is immediately made available for binding to troponin from

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Bone

  4. Sarcoplasmic reticulum


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • A neural signal reaching this junction releases a neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. This spreads through the muscle fibre and causes the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  • Active sites for myosin are present on actin which are masked by troponin-C in resting state. When Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin i.e Troponin-C on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
  • Hence on stimulation of skeletal muscle, calcium is immediately made available for binding to troponin from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Sacroplasmic reticulum'.

Read the following statements carefully and select the correct ones. 


(i) Cardiac fibres are branched with one or more nuclei.
(ii) Smooth muscles are unbranched and cylindrical. 
(iii) Skeletal muscles can be branched or unbranched.
(iv) Smooth muscles are non-striated.

  1. Only (iv)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. Only (iii)


Correct Option: A

The cytoplasm in the muscle fibre is called as

  1. Sarcoplasm

  2. Sarcolemma

  3. Neuroplasm

  4. Nucleoplasm


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cytoplasm in the muscle fibre is called as sarcoplasm. Sarcolemma is the sheath or cell membrane present around the striated muscle fibre. The cytoplasm in the nerve cells is called as neuroplasm. The cytoplasm in the nucleus of the cell is called as necleoplasm. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sarcoplasm.'

All or none law is not applicable for?

  1. Single skeletal muscle fibre

  2. Single smooth muscle fibre

  3. Whole skeletal muscle

  4. Whole cardiac muscle


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The all or none law states that the strength of the stimuli will not decide the reaction of the muscle fibre. f the stimulus is more than a certain threshold they will fire.  Either there will be a full response or there will be no response at all.

As we know that the stimulus works by stimulating the action potential in the fivers. The action potential is always full and thus the response will be there if the threshold is crossed.
We now that the skeletal muscle are the ones that are in control of the conscious mind and the stimuli can affect them so this is applicable for the voluntary muscles.

So, the correct option is 'Single skeletal muscle fibre'

The thickness of a striated muscle fibre increases________.

  1. With age

  2. With exercise

  3. With material accumulation in it

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Striated muscles are found in

  1. Gall bladder

  2. Wall of bronchi

  3. Leg muscles

  4. Lungs


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Striated muscle plays an integral role in the formation of the structural framework of the body. It is the only muscle tissue under the direct conscious control of the cerebral cortex of the brain and hence is the voluntary muscle. All conscious movements of the body, including movement of limbs like the movement of arm, legs, facial expressions, eye movements, and swallowing are the products of the skeletal muscle tissue.
So, the correct answer is option C.

What is sarcomere?

  1. Part between two H-lines

  2. Part between two A-lines

  3. Part between two I-lines

  4. Part between two Z-lines


Correct Option: A

Find out the correct sequence of muscle structures/components present one within the other 

  1. Muscle fibre $\longrightarrow $ Myofilament $\longrightarrow $ Muscle bundle $\longrightarrow $ Myofibril

  2. Muscle bundle $\longrightarrow $ Muscle fibre$\longrightarrow $ Myofibril $\longrightarrow $ Myofilament

  3. Muscle bundle $\longrightarrow $ Muscle fibre $\longrightarrow $ Myofilament $\longrightarrow $ Myofibril

  4. Muscle fibre $\longrightarrow $ Muscle bundle $\longrightarrow $ Myofilament $\longrightarrow $ Myofibril


Correct Option: A

The protoplasmic segment of a striated muscle fibre is termed as

  1. Sarcoplasm

  2. Sarcomere

  3. Neuromere

  4. Metamere


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Sarcomere is the smallest contractile unit of striated muscle fibre. Sarcomere occurs as repeating units along the length of a myofibril, occupying the region between Z lines of the myofibril. 

Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fibre. It is a water solution containing ATP and phosphogens, as well as the enzymes of intermediate and product molecules involved in many metabolic reactions. 
Neuromere is a metameric segment of CNS. 
Metamere is a linear series of primitively similar segments into which the body of higher invertebrate and vertebrate is divisible.

Contractile fibrils of muscles are called

  1. Neurofibrils

  2. Callogen fibres

  3. Myofibrils

  4. Yellow fibres


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Each muscle fibre(muscle cell) is lined by the plasma membrane called sarcolemma enclosing the sarcoplasm(cytoplasm of muscle fibre). 
  • The characteristic feature of the muscle fibre(muscle cell) is the presence of a large number of parallelly arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm called myofilaments or myofibrils.
  • Each myofibril is made up of two kinds of proteins. They are actin and myosin.
  • The function of the myofibril is to perform muscle contraction via the sliding-filament model. Hence Contractile fibrils of muscles are called myofibrils.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Myofibrils'.

End plate junction is present between

  1. Neuron and striated muscle

  2. Neuron and neuron

  3. Muscle and muscle

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The area of contact between the ends of a large myelinated nerve fibre and a fibre of the skeletal muscle is called the motor end plate junction. It is also called as a neuromuscular junction or myoneural junction.
Thus, the correct answer is the option (A), 'Neuron and striated muscle'.

Sarcomere is the functional unit of contraction in a muscle fibre. Identify the portion of myofibril that constitutes a sarcomere

  1. Portion of myofibril between two successive Z-lines

  2. Portion of myofibril between two successive I-bands

  3. Portion of myofibril between two successive A-bands

  4. Portion of myofibril between two successive M-lines


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils. The light bands contain actin(thin filament) and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin(thick filament).
  •  In the centre of each ‘I’ band is an elastic fibre called ‘Z’ line which bisects it. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere Sarcomere is considered as the functional unit of contraction in a muscle fibre.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Portion of a myofibril between two successive Z-lines'.

An animal cell with numerous nuclei is called

  1. Coenocyte

  2. Syncytial

  3. Plasmodium

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Syncytial refers to a multinucleate condition where a single cell has more than one nucleus per cell i.e., multiple nuclei with a common cytoplasm.
  • It is caused primarily due to multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells.
  • This condition usually arises when cells are infected with certain types of viruses (HIV, pneumoviruses etc.).
  • In animals, this condition is seen in skeletal muscles (large skeletal muscle fibres are formed by the fusion of individual muscle cells).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Syncytial'.

Anisotropic band is made of

  1. Myosin filaments

  2. Actin filaments

  3. Elastin filaments

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament (myosin) and thin filament (actin). The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils.
  • The A band in skeletal muscle is also called as anisotropic band.
  • The anisotropic band is made of both actin filaments and myosin filaments.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Skeletal muscles are controlled by

  1. Somatic nerves

  2. Autonomic nerves

  3. Parasympathetic nerves

  4. Sympathetic nerves


Correct Option: A

H-zone in skeletal muscle fibre is due to

  1. Extension of myosin filaments in central portion of A-band.

  2. Absence of myofibrils in the central portion of A-band.

  3. Central gap between filaments in A-band.

  4. Central gap between actin filaments extending through myosin filaments in A-band.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Myofibril is made up of two types of filaments. They are thin filament(actin) and thick filament(myosin).
  • The light bands contain actin and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin. The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils.
  •  In a resting state, the edges of thin filaments on either side of the thick filaments partially overlap the free ends of the thick filaments leaving the central part of the thick filaments. This central part of thick filament, not overlapped by thin filaments is called the ‘H’ zone.
  • Hence H-zone in skeletal muscle fibre is due to Central gap between actin filaments extending through myosin filaments in A-band.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Central gap between actin filaments extending through myosin filaments in A-band'.

Identify the correct statements.

1. A-bands are dark and contain myosin.
2. I-bands are light and contain actin.
3. During the action, A band contracts.
4. The part between two Z-lines is sarcomere.
5. The central part of thin filament, not overlapped by thick filament is the H-zone.

  1. 1, 2 and 3 are correct

  2. 1, 3 and 5 are correct

  3. 1, 2 and 4 are correct

  4. 1 and 2 are correct

  5. 1, 2, 3 and 5 are correct


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils. The light bands contain actin(thin filament) and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin(thick filament). In the centre of each ‘I’ band is an elastic fibre called ‘Z’ line which bisects it. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere 
  • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. 
  • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
  • The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction. Hence the ‘I’ bands get reduced, whereas the ‘A’ bands retain the length.
  •  The central part of thick filament, not overlapped by thick filament is the H-zone.
  • So, the correct answer is '1,2 and 4

Myofibrils show dark and light bands in

  1. Cardiac muscles

  2. Unstriped muscles

  3. Striped muscles

  4. Both A and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The striated appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue is a result of repeating bands of the proteins actin and myosin that are present along the length of the myofibril.
  • The light bands contain actin and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin. Hence called striped muscles due to the presence of striations.
  • Hence Myofibrils show dark and light bands in Cardiac muscles and striped muscles.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'.

Cross bridges of sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of 

  1. Actin

  2. Myosin

  3. Troponin

  4. Tropomyosin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Active sites for myosin (Thick filament) are present on actin which are masked by troponin in resting state. when  Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
  • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. thus myosin forms cross bridges.
  • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
  •  The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction.
  • Hence cross bridges of sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of myosin.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Myosin'.

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Intercalated discs make up striations in the skeletal muscle.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissues. They occur at the Z line of the sarcomere and can be visualized easily when observing a longitudinal section of the tissue. Three types of cell junction make up an intercalated disc.

So, the option is 'False'.

Which muscles having functionally multinucleated conditions?

  1. Cardiac muscle

  2. Smooth muscle

  3. Voluntary muscle

  4. All of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells of which only skeletal or voluntary muscle cells are multinucleated. Such cells are syncytial. Skeletal muscle cells arise in the embryo as uninucleated entities. Later the cells fuse to give rise to the multinucleated muscle fibre.

So the correct answer should be option C "voluntary muscles".

Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(i) Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a (A) and a (B) 
(ii) (C) is a condition of rapid spasms (wild contractions) in muscle due to low $Ca^{++}$ in body fluid.
(iii) Each organised skeletal muscle In our body is made of a number of (D) held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer called (E) Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the statements ?

  1. (C) - Muscular dystrophy, (D) - fascia, (E) - fascicle

  2. (A) - clavicle, (B) - scapula, (C) - Tetany

  3. (A) - ilium, (B) - ischium, (D) - fascicles, (E) - fascia

  4. (C) - Myasthenia gravis, (D) - fascicles. (E) - fasda


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Each half of pectoral and pelvic girdle consist of clavicle & scapula, tetany is a condition of rapid spasms in muscle due to low calcium ion in body fluid.

So, the correct option is '(A) - clavicle, (B) - scapula, (C) - Tetany'.

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